biological indices of toxicity in tropical legumes grown in oil-contaminated soil dinora...
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Biological indices of toxicity in tropical legumes grown in oil-contaminated soil
Dinora Vázquez-Luna
Facultad de ingeniería en Sistemas de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad
Veracruzana.
Ecological Indicators 53 (2015) 43-48
Context
Context
Context
Introduction • The oil industry has altered the natural resources (García-Cuellar et al.,
2004)
• Crotalaria incana and Leucaena leucocephala can grow in oil-contaminated soil (Rivera-Cruz and Trujillo-Narcia, 2004; Vázquez-Luna, 2014).
Vázquez-Luna (2014)
Introduction
• In Mexico, current environmental regulations establish the maximum permissible limits of hydrocarbons in soil and specify characterization and remediation of hydrocarbon contamination (SEMARNAT-SS, 2003); however, these standards do not include criteria for:
– Assessing chronic effects
of contamination on soil
microorganisms and plants– Human health. – The use of bioindicators
in assessments.
Introduction • The aim of this study was to
generate user-friendly indicators of soil contamination to measure the toxic effects of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) on growth of the legumes C. incana L. and L. leucocephala Lam., and on the development of nitrogen-fixing soil microorganisms (rhizobial and free-living).
Materials and methods
Materials and methods
• where ot symbolizes petroleum treatment in relation to variable(y); i represents the ith variable; Xct denotes the average value of each variable for the control treatment; n = the number of variables measured in plants; N = the number of nitrogen-fixing bacterial species examined; and r represents treatment replicate number.
Materials and methods
• where oc = oil concentration (mg kg−1) and cc = concentration of the control treatment (mg kg−1); t = exposure time (days); and r represents treatment replicate number.
Results
Results
Results
Proposal
Toxicology Approaches
15July 22, 2012
Equitable development in the social, economic and environmental context.
Deterioration of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils
Social conflicts
Ecology Economy
Evidence of social inequalities
Density of oil installations
Medicine
Statistical evidence to indicate relationship between pollution and the presence of diseases
Statistics Edaphology Biochemistry
Chronic effects on soils
1
2
3
Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Sociology
Ecology Economy
Gender
Geography
Medicine
Epidemiology
Statistic Edaphology Biochemistry
Toxicology
Anthropology
Based on "Fundamentals of Transdisciplinarity" by Max-Neef
1) Scientific and conceptual basis, 2) research results and 3) the ideal.
16July 22, 2012
Equitable development in the social, economic and environmental context
Deterioration of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils
Social conflicts
Frequent environmental emergencies
Economic dependence on the industrial sector
Evidence of social inequalities
Density of oil installations
Statistical evidence to indicate relationship between pollution and the presence of diseases
33% of asthma cases
66.6% of allergies
10,000 mg kg-1 de TPH affects soil fertility
Altered biochemical processes in the habitat of the organisms
Chronic effects on soils
1
2
3
Allergic diseases diminish the quality of life
Effect on family finances
Abandonment of food production
Environmental degradation
Economic dependence
Inequities
Stationary and mobile sources
Synergistic effects of treatment and comorbidities
High incidence of allergic diseases
Environmental emergencies (100% population affected)
Toxicology
Social conflicts
Acknowledgments