Bill Gates

For other people named Bill Gates, see Bill Gates(disambiguation).

William Henry Bill Gates III (born October 28,1955) is an American business magnate, philanthropist,investor, computer programmer, and inventor.[1][2][3]Gates originally established his reputation as the co-founder of Microsoft, the worlds largest PC softwarecompany, with Paul Allen. During his career at Mi-crosoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, CEO andchief software architect, and was also the largest individ-ual shareholder until May 2014.[4][lower-alpha 1] He has alsoauthored and co-authored several books.Today he is consistently ranked in the Forbes list of theworlds wealthiest people[7] and was the wealthiest overallfrom 1995 to 2014excluding a few brief periods post-2008.[8] Between 2009 and 2014 his wealth more thandoubled from $40 billion to more than $82 billion.[9] Be-tween 2013 and 2014 his wealth increased by $15 bil-lion, or around $1.5 billion more than the entire GDP ofIceland in 2014.[10]

Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of thepersonal computer revolution. Gates has been criticizedfor his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been up-held by numerous court rulings.[11][12] In the later stagesof his career, Gates has pursued a number of philan-thropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money tovarious charitable organizations and scientific researchprograms through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,established in 2000.Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Mi-crosoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman andcreated the position of chief software architect for him-self. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would betransitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda GatesFoundation. He gradually transferred his duties to RayOzzie (who has since left Microsoft), chief software ar-chitect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategyofficer. Gatess last full-time day at Microsoft was June27, 2008. He stepped down as chairman of Microsoft inFebruary 2014, taking on a new post as technology advi-sor to support newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella.

1 Early life

Gates was born in Seattle, Washington, in an upper-middle-class family, the son of William H. Gates,Sr.[lower-alpha 2] and Mary Maxwell Gates. His ancestralorigin includes English, German, and Scots-Irish.[13][14]His father was a prominent lawyer, and his mother servedon the board of directors for First Interstate BancSys-tem and the United Way. Gatess maternal grandfatherwas JW Maxwell, a national bank president. Gates hasone elder sister, Kristi (Kristianne), and one younger sis-ter, Libby. He was the fourth of his name in his fam-ily, but was known as William Gates III or Trey be-cause his father had the II suffix.[15] Early on in hislife, Gatess parents had a law career in mind for him.[16]When Gates was young, his family regularly attendeda Protestant Congregational church.[17][18][19] The fam-ily encouraged competition; one visitor reported that itdidn't matter whether it was hearts or pickleball or swim-ming to the dock ... there was always a reward for winningand there was always a penalty for losing.[20]

At 13, he enrolled in the Lakeside School, an exclu-sive preparatory school.[21] When he was in the eighthgrade, the Mothers Club at the school used proceedsfrom Lakeside Schools rummage sale to buy a TeletypeModel 33 ASR terminal and a block of computer timeon a General Electric (GE) computer for the schoolsstudents.[22] Gates took an interest in programming theGE system in BASIC, and was excused from math classesto pursue his interest. He wrote his first computer pro-gram on this machine: an implementation of tic-tac-toethat allowed users to play games against the computer.Gates was fascinated by the machine and how it wouldalways execute software code perfectly. When he re-flected back on that moment, he said, There was justsomething neat about the machine.[23] After the Moth-ers Club donation was exhausted, he and other studentssought time on systems including DEC PDP minicom-puters. One of these systems was a PDP-10 belongingto Computer Center Corporation (CCC), which bannedfour Lakeside studentsGates, Paul Allen, Ric Weiland,and Kent Evansfor the summer after it caught them ex-ploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free com-puter time.[24][25]

At the end of the ban, the four students offered to findbugs in CCCs software in exchange for computer time.Rather than use the system via Teletype, Gates went toCCCs offices and studied source code for various pro-grams that ran on the system, including programs in

1

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2 2 MICROSOFT

Fortran, Lisp, and machine language. The arrangementwith CCC continued until 1970, when the company wentout of business. The following year, Information Sci-ences, Inc. hired the four Lakeside students to write apayroll program in Cobol, providing them computer timeand royalties. After his administrators became awareof his programming abilities, Gates wrote the schoolscomputer program to schedule students in classes. Hemodified the code so that he was placed in classes witha disproportionate number of interesting girls.[26] Helater stated that it was hard to tear myself away froma machine at which I could so unambiguously demon-strate success.[23] At age 17, Gates formed a venturewith Allen, called Traf-O-Data, to make traffic countersbased on the Intel 8008 processor.[27] In early 1973, BillGates served as a congressional page in the U.S. Houseof Representatives.[28]

Gates graduated from Lakeside School in 1973 and wasa National Merit Scholar.[29] He scored 1590 out of1600 on the SAT[30] and enrolled at Harvard Collegein the autumn of 1973.[31] While at Harvard, he metSteve Ballmer, who would later succeed Gates as CEOof Microsoft.[32]

The Poker Room in Currier House at Harvard University, whereGates and Allen formed Microsoft

In his sophomore year, Gates devised an algorithm forpancake sorting as a solution to one of a series of unsolvedproblems[33] presented in a combinatorics class by HarryLewis, one of his professors. Gatess solution held therecord as the fastest version for over thirty years;[33][34]its successor is faster by only one percent.[33] His solutionwas later formalized in a published paper in collabora-tion with Harvard computer scientist Christos Papadim-itriou.[35]

Gates did not have a definite study plan while a studentat Harvard[36] and spent a lot of time using the schoolscomputers. Gates remained in contact with Paul Allen,and he joined him at Honeywell during the summer of1974.[37] The following year saw the release of the MITSAltair 8800 based on the Intel 8080 CPU, and Gates andAllen saw this as the opportunity to start their own com-puter software company.[38] Gates dropped out of Har-

vard at this time.[39] He had talked this decision over withhis parents, who were supportive of him after seeing howmuch Gates wanted to start a company.[36]

2 Microsoft

Main articles: History of Microsoft and Microsoft

2.1 BASIC

MITS Altair 8800 Computer with 8-inch (200 mm) floppy disksystem

After reading the January 1975 issue of Popular Electron-ics that demonstrated the Altair 8800, Gates contactedMicro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS),the creators of the new microcomputer, to inform themthat he and others were working on a BASIC interpreterfor the platform.[40] In reality, Gates and Allen did nothave an Altair and had not written code for it; they merelywanted to gauge MITSs interest. MITS president EdRoberts agreed to meet them for a demo, and over thecourse of a few weeks they developed an Altair emulatorthat ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC in-terpreter. The demonstration, held at MITSs offices inAlbuquerque, was a success and resulted in a deal withMITS to distribute the interpreter as Altair BASIC. PaulAllen was hired into MITS,[41] and Gates took a leaveof absence from Harvard to work with Allen at MITS inAlbuquerque in November 1975. They named their part-nership Micro-Soft and had their first office located inAlbuquerque.[41] Within a year, the hyphen was dropped,and on November 26, 1976, the trade name Microsoftwas registered with the Office of the Secretary of theState of New Mexico.[41] Gates never returned to Har-vard to complete his studies.Microsofts BASIC was popular with computer hobby-ists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had

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2.3 Windows 3

leaked into the community and was being widely copiedand distributed. In February 1976, Gates wrote anOpen Letter to Hobbyists in the MITS newsletter say-ing that MITS could not continue to produce, distribute,and maintain high-quality software without payment.[42]This letter was unpopular with many computer hobby-ists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software de-velopers should be able to demand payment. Microsoftbecame independent of MITS in late 1976, and it contin-ued to develop programming language software for vari-ous systems.[41] The company moved from Albuquerqueto its new home in Bellevue, Washington on January 1,1979.[40]

During Microsofts early years, all employees had broadresponsibility for the companys business. Gates oversawthe business details, but continued to write code as well.In the first five years, Gates personally reviewed every lineof code the company shipped, and often rewrote parts ofit as he saw fit.[43]

2.2 IBM partnership

IBM approached Microsoft in July 1980 regarding its up-coming personal computer, the IBM PC.[44] The com-puter company first proposed that Microsoft write theBASIC interpreter. When IBMs representatives men-tioned that they needed an operating system, Gates re-ferred them to Digital Research (DRI), makers of thewidely used CP/M operating system.[45] IBMs discus-sions with Digital Research went poorly, and they did notreach a licensing agreement. IBM representative JackSams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a sub-sequent meeting with Gates and told him to get an ac-ceptable operating system. A few weeks later, Gates pro-posed using 86-DOS (QDOS), an operating system simi-lar to CP/M that Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Prod-ucts (SCP) had made for hardware similar to the PC. Mi-crosoft made a deal with SCP to become the exclusivelicensing agent, and later the full owner, of 86-DOS. Af-ter adapting the operating system for the PC, Microsoftdelivered it to IBM as PC DOS in exchange for a one-time fee of $50,000.[46]

Gates did not offer to transfer the copyright on the op-erating system, because he believed that other hardwarevendors would clone IBMs system.[46] They did, andthe sales of MS-DOS made Microsoft a major playerin the industry.[47] Despite IBMs name on the operat-ing system the press quickly identified Microsoft as be-ing very influential on the new computer. PC Magazineasked if Gates were the man behind the machine?",[44]and InfoWorld quoted an expert as stating its Gatescomputer.[48] Gates oversaw Microsofts company re-structuring on June 25, 1981, which re-incorporated thecompany in Washington state and made Gates Presidentof Microsoft and the Chairman of the Board.[40]

2.3 Windows

Microsoft launched its first retail version of MicrosoftWindows on November 20, 1985, and in August, thecompany struck a deal with IBM to develop a separateoperating system called OS/2. Although the two com-panies successfully developed the first version of the newsystem, mounting creative differences caused the partner-ship to deteriorate.[49]

2.4 Management style

Bill Gates in January 2008

From Microsofts founding in 1975 until 2006, Gates hadprimary responsibility for the companys product strat-egy. He aggressively broadened the companys range ofproducts, and wherever Microsoft achieved a dominantposition he vigorously defended it. He gained a reputationfor being distant to others; as early as 1981 an industryexecutive complained in public that Gates is notoriousfor not being reachable by phone and for not returningphone calls.[50] Another executive recalled that after heshowed Gates a game and defeated him 35 of 37 times,when they met again a month later Gates won or tiedevery game. He had studied the game until he solved it.That is a competitor.[51]

As an executive, Gates met regularly with Microsoftssenior managers and program managers. Firsthand ac-

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counts of these meetings describe him as verbally com-bative, berating managers for perceived holes in theirbusiness strategies or proposals that placed the companyslong-term interests at risk.[52][53]

He has interrupted presentations with such commentsThats the stupidest thing I've ever heard!"[54] and, Whydon't you just give up your options and join the PeaceCorps?"[55] The target of his outburst then had to defendthe proposal in detail until, hopefully, Gates was fullyconvinced.[54] When subordinates appeared to be pro-crastinating, he was known to remark sarcastically, I'lldo it over the weekend.[56][57][58]

Gatess role at Microsoft for most of its history was pri-marily a management and executive role. However, hewas an active software developer in the early years, partic-ularly on the companys programming language products.He has not officially been on a development team sinceworking on the TRS-80 Model 100,[59] but wrote code aslate as 1989 that shipped in the companys products.[57]On June 15, 2006, Gates announced that he would transi-tion out of his day-to-day role over the next two years todedicate more time to philanthropy. He divided his re-sponsibilities between two successors, placing Ray Ozziein charge of day-to-day management and Craig Mundiein charge of long-term product strategy.[60]

2.5 Antitrust litigation

Further information: United States Microsoft antitrustcase and European Union Microsoft competition caseMany decisions that led to antitrust litigation over Mi-

Gates giving his deposition at Microsoft on August 27, 1998

crosofts business practices have had Gatess approval. Inthe 1998 United States v. Microsoft case, Gates gave de-position testimony that several journalists characterizedas evasive. He argued with examiner David Boies over thecontextual meaning of words such as, compete, con-cerned, and we. The judge and other observers in thecourt room were seen laughing at various points duringthe deposition.[61] BusinessWeek reported:

Early rounds of his deposition show himoffering obfuscatory answers and saying 'Idon't recall,' so many times that even the pre-siding judge had to chuckle. Worse, many ofthe technology chiefs denials and pleas of ig-norance were directly refuted by prosecutorswith snippets of e-mail that Gates both sent andreceived.[62]

Gates later said he had simply resisted attempts by Boiesto mischaracterize his words and actions. As to his de-meanor during the deposition, he said, Did I fence withBoies? ... I plead guilty. Whatever that penalty isshould be levied against me: rudeness to Boies in the firstdegree.[63] Despite Gates denials, the judge ruled thatMicrosoft had committed monopolization and tying, andblocking competition, both in violation of the ShermanAntitrust Act.[63]

2.6 Appearance in ads

Gates mugshot of his 1977 arrest in New Mexico

Gates appeared in a series of ads to promote Microsoft in2008. The first commercial, co-starring Jerry Seinfeld,is a 90-second talk between strangers as Seinfeld walksup on a discount shoe store (Shoe Circus) in a mall andnotices Gates buying shoes inside. The salesman is tryingto sell Mr. Gates shoes that are a size too big. As Gatesis buying the shoes, he holds up his discount card, whichuses a slightly altered version of his own mugshot of hisarrest in New Mexico in 1977 for a traffic violation.[64] Asthey are walking out of the mall, Seinfeld asks Gates if hehas melded his mind to other developers, after getting aYes, he then asks if they are working on a way to makecomputers edible, again getting a Yes. Some say thatthis is an homage to Seinfelds own show about nothing(Seinfeld).[65] In a second commercial in the series, Gatesand Seinfeld are at the home of an average family tryingto fit in with normal people.

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3 Post-Microsoft

Since leaving day-to-day operations at Microsoft, Gatescontinues his philanthropy and, among other projects,purchased the video rights to the Messenger Lecturesseries called The Character of Physical Law, given atCornell University by Richard Feynman in 1964 andrecorded by the BBC. The videos are available on-line to the public at Microsofts Project Tuva.[66][67] InApril 2010, Gates was invited to visit and speak at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where heasked the students to take on the difficult problems of theworld in their futures.[68][69]

According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, Gateswas the worlds highest-earning billionaire in 2013, ashis fortune increased by US$15.8 billion to US$78.5 bil-lion. As of January 2014, most of Gatess assets areheld in Cascade Investment LLC, an entity through whichhe owns stakes in numerous businesses, including FourSeasons Hotels and Resorts, and Corbis Corp.[70] OnFebruary 4, 2014, Gates stepped down as Chair of Mi-crosoft to become Technology Advisor alongside SatyaNadella.[71][72]

In a substantial interview with Rolling Stone magazine,published in the March 27, 2014 issue, Gates provided hisperspective on a range of issues, such as climate change,his charitable activities, various tech companies and peo-ple involved in them, and the state of America. In re-sponse to a question about his greatest fear when he looks50 years into the future, Gates stated: "... there'll be somereally bad things that'll happen in the next 50 or 100 years,but hopefully none of them on the scale of, say, a mil-lion people that you didn't expect to die from a pandemic,or nuclear or bioterrorism. Gates also identified innova-tion as the real driver of progress and pronounced thatAmericas way better today than its ever been.[73]

4 Personal life

Bill and Melinda Gates, June 2009

After being named one ofGoodHousekeeping ' s 50 MostEligible Bachelors in 1985,[74] Gates married Melinda

French on January 1, 1994. They have three children:daughters Jennifer Katharine (b. 1996) and PhoebeAdele (b. 2002), and son Rory John (b. 1999). The fam-ily resides in the Gateses home, an earth-sheltered housein the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Med-ina. According to King County public records, as of 2006the total assessed value of the property (land and house)is $125 million, and the annual property tax is $991,000.The 66,000 sq ft (6,100 m2) estate has a 60-foot (18 m)swimming pool with an underwater music system, as wellas a 2,500 sq ft (230 m2) gym and a 1,000 sq ft (93 m2)dining room.[75]

In an interview with Rolling Stone, Gates stated in regardto his faith:

The moral systems of religion, I think, aresuper important. We've raised our kids ina religious way; they've gone to the Catholicchurch that Melinda goes to and I participatein. I've been very lucky, and therefore I oweit to try and reduce the inequity in the world.And thats kind of a religious belief. I mean,its at least a moral belief.[76]

In the same interview, Gates said: I agree with peoplelike Richard Dawkins that mankind felt the need for cre-ation myths. Before we really began to understand dis-ease and the weather and things like that, we sought falseexplanations for them. Now science has filled in some ofthe realm not all that religion used to fill. But the mys-tery and the beauty of the world is overwhelmingly amaz-ing, and theres no scientific explanation of how it cameabout. To say that it was generated by random numbers,that does seem, you know, sort of an uncharitable view[laughs]. I think it makes sense to believe in God, butexactly what decision in your life you make differentlybecause of it, I don't know.[76]

Among Gatess private acquisitions is the Codex Leices-ter, a collection of writings by Leonardo da Vinci, whichGates bought for $30.8 million at an auction in 1994.[77]Gates is also known as an avid reader, and the ceiling ofhis large home library is engraved with a quotation fromThe Great Gatsby.[78] He also enjoys playing bridge, ten-nis, and golf.[79][80]

Gates was number one on the Forbes 400 list from 1993through to 2007 and number one on Forbes list of TheWorlds Richest People from 1995 to 2007 and 2009. In1999, his wealth briefly surpassed $101 billion, causingthe media to call Gates a centibillionaire.[81] Despitehis wealth and extensive business travel Gates usually flewcoach until 1997, when he bought a private jet.[82] Since2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings has de-clined due to a fall in Microsofts stock price after the dot-com bubble burst and the multi-billion dollar donations hehas made to his charitable foundations. In a May 2006interview, Gates commented that he wished that he werenot the richest man in the world because he disliked the

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6 4 PERSONAL LIFE

attention it brought.[83] In March 2010, Gates was the sec-ond wealthiest person behind Carlos Slim, but regainedthe top position in 2013 according to the Bloomberg Bil-lionaires List.[84][85] Carlos Slim retook the position againin June 2014.[86][87]

Gates has several investments outside Microsoft, which in2006 paid him a salary of $616,667 and $350,000 bonustotalling $966,667.[88] He founded Corbis, a digital imag-ing company, in 1989. In 2004 he became a director ofBerkshire Hathaway, the investment company headed bylong-time friend Warren Buffett.[89]

Around the 1990s, Gates spoke at a high school aboutthe eleven rules of life, aimed at high school and collegegraduates. The rules have since been repeated in schoolsacross the world, with the purpose of educating studentson how to be successful in their future. Although the rulesare commonly attributed to Gates, it is actually originallywritten by educator Charles Sykes in his book DumbingDown on Our Kids, written in 1996.[90][91]

4.1 Philanthropy

Gates with Bono, Queen Rania of Jordan, former British PrimeMinister Gordon Brown, President Umaru Yar'Adua of Nigeriaand others during the Annual Meeting 2008 of the World Eco-nomic Forum in Switzerland

Main article: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

4.1.1 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D.Rockefeller, and in 1994 sold some of his Microsoft stockto create the William H. Gates Foundation. In 2000,Gates and his wife combined three family foundationsto create the charitable "Bill & Melinda Gates Founda-tion, which was identified by the Funds for NGOs com-pany in 2013 as the worlds wealthiest charitable founda-tion, with assets reportedly valued at more than US$34.6billion.[92][93] The Foundation allows benefactors to ac-cess information that shows how its money is being spent,unlike other major charitable organizations such as theWellcome Trust.[94][95]

Gates has credited the generosity and extensive philan-thropy of David Rockefeller as a major influence. Gatesand his father met with Rockefeller several times, andtheir charity work is partly modeled on the Rockefellerfamily's philanthropic focus, whereby they are interestedin tackling the global problems that are ignored by gov-ernments and other organizations.[96] As of 2007, Bill andMelinda Gates were the second-most generous philan-thropists in America, having given over US$28 billion tocharity;[97] the couple plan to eventually donate 95 per-cent of their wealth to charity.[98]

On August 15, 2014, Bill Gates posted a video of himselfdumping a bucket of ice water on his head, after Face-book founder Mark Zuckerberg challenged him to do so,in order to raise awareness for ALS.[99]

4.1.2 Personal

Gatess wife urged people to learn a lesson from the phil-anthropic efforts of the Salwen family, which had soldits home and given away half of its value, as detailed inThe Power of Half.[100] Gates and his wife invited JoanSalwen to Seattle to speak about what the family haddone, and on December 9, 2010, Gates, investor WarrenBuffett, and Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zucker-berg signed a commitment they called the Gates-BuffetGiving Pledge. The pledge is a commitment by all threeto donate at least half of their wealth over the course oftime to charity.[101][102][103]

Gates has also provided personal donations to educationalinstitutions. In 1999 Gates donated US$20 million to theMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for the con-struction of a computer laboratory named the WilliamH. Gates Building that was designed by architect FrankO. Gehry. While Microsoft had previously given finan-cial support to the institution, this was the first personaldonation received from Gates.[104]

The Maxwell Dworkin Laboratory of the Harvard Schoolof Engineering and Applied Sciences is named after themothers of both Gates and Microsoft President StevenA. Ballmer, both of whom were students (Ballmer was amember of the Schools graduating class of 1977, whileGates left his studies for Microsoft), and donated fundsfor the laboratorys construction.[105] Gates also donatedUS$6 million to the construction of the Gates ComputerScience Building, completed in January 1996, on thecampus of Stanford University. The building containsthe Computer Science Department (CSD) and the Com-puter Systems Laboratory (CSL) of Stanfords Engineer-ing department.[106]

4.1.3 Criticism

Further information: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Criticism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Slimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkshire_Hathawayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Buffetthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Rania_of_Jordanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Brownhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umaru_Musa_Yar%2527Aduahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davos,_Switzerlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_&_Melinda_Gates_Foundationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Carnegiehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefellerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefellerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_&_Melinda_Gates_Foundationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_&_Melinda_Gates_Foundationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellcome_Trusthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rockefellerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_Halfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Buffetthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Buffetthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giving_Pledgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Scienceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Scienceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation#Criticismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation#Criticism

4.3 Other business ventures and investments 7

In 2007 the Los Angeles Times criticized the foundationfor investing its assets in companies which have been ac-cused of worsening poverty, polluting heavily, and phar-maceutical companies that do not sell into the develop-ing world.[107] In response to press criticism, the foun-dation announced a review of its investments to assesssocial responsibility.[108] It subsequently canceled the re-view and stood by its policy of investing for maximumreturn, while using voting rights to influence companypractices.[109] The Gates Millennium Scholars programhas been criticized by Ernest W. Lefever for its exclu-sion of Caucasian students.[110] The scholarship programis administered by the United Negro College Fund.[111]

4.2 Recognition

Gates and Steve Jobs at the 5th D: All Things Digital conference(D5) in 2007

In 1987 Gates was listed as a billionaire in Forbes mag-azines 400 Richest People in America issue, just daysbefore his 32nd birthday. As the worlds youngest self-made billionaire, he was worth $1.25 billion, over $900million more than he'd been worth the year before, whenhe'd debuted on the list.[112]

In 2015 Government of India awarded The PadmaBhushan[113] the third highest civilian award of The Re-public of India for Gates and his wife Melinda for theircontribution in Social work. Timemagazine named Gatesone of the 100 people who most influenced the 20thcentury, as well as one of the 100 most influential peo-ple of 2004, 2005, and 2006. Time also collectivelynamed Gates, his wife Melinda and U2s lead singer Bonoas the 2005 Persons of the Year for their humanitarianefforts.[114] In 2006, he was voted eighth in the list ofHeroes of our time.[115] Gates was listed in the SundayTimes power list in 1999, named CEO of the year byChief Executive Officers magazine in 1994, ranked num-ber one in the Top 50 Cyber Elite by Time in 1998,ranked number two in the Upside Elite 100 in 1999 andwas included in The Guardian as one of the Top 100influential people in media in 2001.[116]

According to Forbes, Gates was ranked as the fourth most

powerful person in the world in 2012,[117] up from fifthin 2011.[118]

In 1994, he was honored as the twentieth DistinguishedFellow of the British Computer Society. Gates has re-ceived honorary doctorates from Nyenrode Business Uni-versiteit, Breukelen, The Netherlands, in 2000;[119] KTHRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in2002;[120] Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, in 2005;Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in April 2007;[121]Harvard University in June 2007;[122] Karolinska Insti-tutet, Stockholm, in 2007,[123] and Cambridge Universityin June 2009.[124] He was also made an honorary trusteeof Peking University in 2007.[125]

Gates was made an honorary Knight Commander of theOrder of the British Empire (KBE) by Queen ElizabethII in 2005.[126] In November 2006, he was awarded thePlacard of the Order of the Aztec Eagle, together withhis wife Melinda who was awarded the Insignia of thesame order, both for their philanthropic work aroundthe world in the areas of health and education, partic-ularly in Mexico, and specifically in the program "Unpas de lectores".[127] Gates received the 2010 BowerAward for Business Leadership from The Franklin In-stitute for his achievements at Microsoft and his philan-thropic work.[128] Also in 2010 he was honored with theSilver Buffalo Award by the Boy Scouts of America, itshighest award for adults, for his service to youth.[129]

Entomologists named Bill Gates flower fly, Eristalis ga-tesi, in his honor in 1997.[130]

In 2002, Bill and Melinda Gates received the JeffersonAward for Greatest Public Service Benefiting theDisadvantaged.[131]

In 2006, Gates received the James C. Morgan Global Hu-manitarian Award from The Tech Awards.[132]

In recognition for the foundations philanthropic activitiesin India, Bill and Melinda Gates jointly received Indiasthird highest civilian honor Padma Bhushan in 2015.[133]

4.3 Other business ventures and invest-ments

Cascade Investments LLC, a private investment andholding company, incorporated in United States, iscontrolled by Bill Gates, and is headquartered in thecity of Kirkland, Washington.

bgC3, a new think-tank company founded by BillGates.

Corbis, a digital image licensing and rights servicescompany.

TerraPower, a nuclear reactor design company.

ResearchGate, a social networking site for scientists.Gates participated in a $35 million round of financ-ing along with other investors.[134]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_W._Lefeverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Hispanic_Whiteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Negro_College_Fundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Bhushanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Bhushanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century#The_only_people_to_shape_both_the_20th_century_and_the_early_21sthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century#The_only_people_to_shape_both_the_20th_century_and_the_early_21sthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_100https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_100https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Magazine_Person_of_the_Yearhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Times_(UK)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Times_(UK)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upside_(magazine)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFBCShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFBCShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Computer_Societyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorary_doctoratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyenrode_Business_Universiteithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyenrode_Business_Universiteithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breukelenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_Technologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_Technologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waseda_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinghua_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolinska_Institutethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolinska_Institutethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_honours_system#Honorary_awardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Aztec_Eaglehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bower_Award_for_Business_Leadershiphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bower_Award_for_Business_Leadershiphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Franklin_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Franklin_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Awardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_Americahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates%2527_flower_flyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tech_Awardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Bhushanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_Investmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkland,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BgC3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TerraPowerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ResearchGate

8 8 REFERENCES

5 Books, films, and social media

5.1 Books

To date, Bill Gates has authored two books:

The Road Ahead, written with Microsoft executiveNathan Myhrvold and journalist Peter Rinearson,was published in November 1995. It summarizedthe implications of the personal computing revolu-tion and described a future profoundly changed bythe arrival of a global information superhighway.

Business @ the Speed of Thought was published in1999, and discusses how business and technologyare integrated, and shows how digital infrastructuresand information networks can help getting an edgeon the competition.

5.2 Documentaries

Triumph of the Nerds (1996)

Nerds 2.0.1 (1998)

Waiting for Superman (2010) [135]

The Virtual Revolution (2010)

5.3 Feature films

Pirates of Silicon Valley, a 1999 film which chroni-cles the rise of Apple and Microsoft from the early1970s to 1997. Gates is portrayed by AnthonyMichael Hall.

The Social Network, a 2010 film which chroniclesthe development of Facebook. Gates is portrayedby Steve Sires.[136]

5.4 Social media

In 2013, Gates became a LinkedIn Influencer.[137]

6 See also Big History academic discipline advocated by Bill

Gates

List of billionaires

List of wealthiest non-inflated historical figures

Paul Allen Microsofts co-founder, friend, and fel-low billionaire

List of richest Americans in history

7 Notes[1] Gates regularly documents his share ownership through

public U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission form 4filings.[5][6]

[2] While his father was named William H. Gates II, he isnow generally known as William H. Gates, Sr to avoidconfusion with his son.

8 References[1] Manes 1994, p. 11.

[2] Bill Gates (American computer programmer, business-man, and philanthropist)". Retrieved March 20, 2013.

[3] Honoring the Inventor: Bill Gates Patents. RetrievedMarch 20, 2013.

[4] Sheridan, Patrick (May 2, 2014). Bill Gates no longerMicrosofts biggest shareholder. CNN Money. RetrievedAugust 22, 2014.

[5] MSFT (Holdings), NASDAQ

[6] MSFT (Symbol), NASDAQ

[7] Wahba, Phil (September 17, 2008). Bill Gates tops USwealth list 15 years continuously. Reuters. Archivedfrom the original on September 16, 2012. RetrievedNovember 6, 2008.

[8] William Bill Gates, Forbes (profile), retrieved Decem-ber 2014

[9] The Worlds Billionaires. Forbes. Retrieved November30, 2014.

[10] Iceland. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved Octo-ber 2014.

[11] Manes 1994, p. 459.

[12] Lesinski 2006, p. 96.

[13] Ancestry of Bill Gates. Wargs. Archived from the orig-inal on September 16, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2010.

[14] Scottish Americans. Alba West. Archived from theoriginal on July 18, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2009.

[15] Manes 1994, p. 15.

[16] Manes 1994, p. 47.

[17] Lesinski, Jeanne M (September 1, 2008). Bill Gates:Entrepreneur and Philanthropist. Twenty First CenturyBooks. ISBN 978-1-58013-570-2. Retrieved March 10,2011. The Gates family regularly went to services at theUniversity Congregational Church.

[18] Lowe, Janet (January 5, 2001). Bill Gates Speaks: In-sight from the Worlds Greatest Entrepreneur. Wiley.ISBN 978-0-471-40169-8. Retrieved March 10, 2011.The Gates family attended the University CongregationalChurch, where the Reverend Dale Turner was pastor.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Road_Ahead_(Bill_Gates_book)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Myhrvoldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Rinearsonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_superhighwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_@_the_Speed_of_Thoughthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Nerdshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerds_2.0.1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiting_for_%2522Superman%2522https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virtual_Revolutionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valleyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Michael_Hallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Michael_Hallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Social_Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_billionaireshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_non-inflated_historical_figureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Allenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_richest_Americans_in_historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%2520Gates#CITEREFManes1994http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/226865/Bill-Gateshttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/226865/Bill-Gateshttp://honoringtheinventor.blogspot.com.au/2008/12/bill-gates-patents.htmlhttp://money.cnn.com/2014/05/02/technology/gates-microsoft-stock-sale/http://money.cnn.com/2014/05/02/technology/gates-microsoft-stock-sale/http://www.nasdaq.com/asp/holdings.asp?symbol=MSFT&selected=MSFT&FormType=form4http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/msfthttp://www.reuters.com/article/rbssTechMediaTelecomNews/idUSN1748882920080917http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssTechMediaTelecomNews/idUSN1748882920080917http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssTechMediaTelecomNews/idUSN1748882920080917http://www.forbes.com/profile/bill-gates/http://www.forbes.com/billionaires/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=57&pr.y=8&sy=2012&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=176&s=NGDP_R%252CNGDP_RPCH%252CNGDP%252CNGDPD%252CNGDP_D%252CNGDPRPC%252CNGDPPC%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPGDP%252CPPPPC%252CPPPSH%252CPPPEX%252CNID_NGDP%252CNGSD_NGDP%252CPCPI%252CPCPIPCH%252CPCPIE%252CPCPIEPCH%252CTM_RPCH%252CTMG_RPCH%252CTX_RPCH%252CTXG_RPCH%252CLUR%252CLE%252CLP%252CGGR%252CGGR_NGDP%252CGGX%252CGGX_NGDP%252CGGXCNL%252CGGXCNL_NGDP%252CGGSB%252CGGSB_NPGDP%252CGGXONLB%252CGGXONLB_NGDP%252CGGXWDN%252CGGXWDN_NGDP%252CGGXWDG%252CGGXWDG_NGDP%252CNGDP_FY%252CBCA%252CBCA_NGDPD&grp=0&a=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%2520Gates#CITEREFManes1994https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%2520Gates#CITEREFLesinski2006http://www.wargs.com/other/gates.htmlhttp://www.wargs.com/other/gates.htmlhttp://www.wargs.com/other/gates.htmlhttp://www.albawest.com/scottish-americans.htmlhttp://www.albawest.com/scottish-americans.htmlhttp://www.albawest.com/scottish-americans.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%2520Gates#CITEREFManes1994https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%2520Gates#CITEREFManes1994http://books.google.com/?id=ubYgIB0TgUYC&pg=PA12&dq=Bill+Gates+Congregationalist#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/?id=ubYgIB0TgUYC&pg=PA12&dq=Bill+Gates+Congregationalist#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58013-570-2http://books.google.com/?id=LUwu-DTwa5cC&pg=PA3&dq=Congregationalist++bill+gates#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/?id=LUwu-DTwa5cC&pg=PA3&dq=Congregationalist++bill+gates#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-40169-8

9

[19] Berkowitz, Edward D (2006). Something Happened: APolitical and Cultural Overview of the Seventies. ColumbiaUniversity Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12494-2. RetrievedMarch 10, 2011. Bill Gates was a member of the babyboom, born in 1955 into an upper-middle-class familynear Seattle. He attended the Congregational Church,participated in the Boy Scouts, and went to a fancy pri-vate school.

[20] Cringely, Robert X. (June 1996). Part II. Triumph ofthe Nerds: The Rise of Accidental Empires. Season 1. PBS.http://www.pbs.org/nerds/part2.html.

[21] Manes 1994, p. 24.

[22] Manes 1994, p. 27.

[23] Gates 1996, p. 12.

[24] Manes 1994, p. 34.

[25] Paul Allen spills the beans on Gates criminal past, UK

[26] Remarks by Bill Gates, co-chair, Bill & Melinda GatesFoundation - Press Room, Speeches, retrieved July 13,2013

[27] Gates 1996, p. 14.

[28] Congressional Page History, The United States HousePage Association of America, The Page Program has pro-duced many politicians, Members of Congress, as well asother famous men and women. Some of these include: theHonorable John Dingell, the longest serving Member ofCongress, Bill Gates, founder and CEO of the MicrosoftCorporation, and Donnald K. Anderson, former Clerk ofthe House.

[29] National Merit Scholarship Corporation - Scholars YouMay Know. nationalmerit.org.

[30] The newand improved?SAT. The Week Magazine.Archived from the original on May 10, 2006. RetrievedMay 23, 2006.

[31] Gates 1996, p. 15.

[32] Michael Hitt, R. Duane Ireland, Robert Hoskisson.Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases: Competitive-ness and Globalization. p. 263. ISBN 9781111825874.

[33] Kestenbaum, David (July 4, 2008). Before Microsoft,Gates Solved A Pancake Problem. National Public Ra-dio. Archived from the original on September 16, 2012.

[34] UT Dallas Team Bests Young Bill Gates With ImprovedAnswer to So-Called Pancake Problem in Mathematics.University of Texas at Dallas. September 17, 2008.Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.

[35] Gates, William; Papadimitriou, Christos (1979). Boundsfor sorting by prefix reversal. Discrete Mathematics 27:4757. doi:10.1016/0012-365X(79)90068-2.

[36] Gates 1996, p. 19.

[37] Wallace 1993, p. 59.

[38] Gates 1996, p. 18.

[39] Bill Gates. NNDb. Archived from the original on May24, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2012.

[40] Microsoft Visitor Center Student Information: KeyEvents in Microsoft History (.DOC). Microsoft.Archived from the original on February 26, 2008.Retrieved February 18, 2008.

[41] Microsoft history. The History of Computing Project.Archived from the original on May 23, 2012. RetrievedMarch 31, 2008.

[42] Manes 1994, p. 81.

[43] Gates, William Bill (October 13, 2005). Remarks(Speech). Waterloo, ON. Archived from the original onApril 6, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2008.

[44] Bunnell, David (FebMar 1982). The Man Behind TheMachine?". PC Magazine (interview). p. 16. RetrievedFebruary 17, 2012.

[45] Maiello, John Steele Gordon Michael (December 23,2002). Pioneers Die Broke. Forbes. Archived fromthe original on September 16, 2012. Retrieved March 31,2008.

[46] Gates 1996, p. 54.

[47] Manes 1994, p. 193.

[48] Freiberger, Paul (August 23, 1982). Bill Gates, Mi-crosoft and the IBM Personal Computer. InfoWorld. p.22. Retrieved January 29, 2015.

[49] Challenges and Strategy (PDF). Groklaw. RetrievedNovember 17, 2011.

[50] Freiberger, Paul (August 31, 1981). Bugs in Radio ShackTRS-80 Model III: How Bad Are They?". InfoWorld. p.49. Retrieved February 28, 2011.

[51] Thorlin, Fred (April 2000). Fred Thorlin: The Big Bossat Atari Program Exchange. Interview with Kevin Savetz.Atari archives. Retrieved December 6, 2012.

[52] Rensin, David (1994). The Bill Gates Interview. Play-boy.

[53] Ballmer, Steve (October 9, 1997). Steve Ballmer SpeechTranscript Church Hill Club. Microsoft. Archivedfrom the original on September 16, 2012. RetrievedMarch 31, 2008.

[54] Isaacson, Walter (January 13, 1997). The Gates Oper-ating System. Time. Archived from the original on June19, 2000. Retrieved March 31, 2008.

[55] Bank, David (February 1, 1999). Breaking Windows.The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original onJuly 29, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2008.

[56] Chapman, Glenn (June 27, 2008). Bill Gates Signs Off.Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original onSeptember 16, 2012.

[57] Gates, Bill (September 26, 1997). Remarks by Bill Gates(Speech). San Diego. Archived from the original on April20, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2008.

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12 10 EXTERNAL LINKS

[125] Blakely, Rhys (July 18, 2007). Gates how piracy workedfor me in China. The Times (London). Archived fromthe original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2010.

[126] Knighthood for Microsofts Gates. BBC News. March2, 2005. Archived from the original on July 11, 2012.Retrieved February 18, 2008.

[127] Proclamation of the Award. Diario Oficial de la Fed-eracin. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Re-trieved March 30, 2008.

[128] Bower Award for Business Leadership. The FranklinInstitute. 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2013.

[129] 2010 Silver Buffalo Recipients. Scouting: 39.SeptemberOctober 2010.

[130] Thompson, F. Christian (August 19, 1999). Bill GatesFlower Fly Eristalis gatesi Thompson. The Diptera Site.Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2008.

[131] National Winners | public service awards. JeffersonAwards.org. Retrieved on September 4, 2013.

[132] The 2006 James C. Morgan Global HumanitarianAward. The Tech Museum of Innovation. RetrievedApril 2, 2014.

[133] PTI. Advani, Bachchan, Dilip Kumar get Padma Vib-hushan. The Hindu.

[134] Levy, Jared Ari (June 4, 2013). Bill Gates Joins $35Million Funding in Startup ResearchGate. Bloomberg.Retrieved January 28, 2015.

[135] Bill Gates Goes to Sundance, Offers an Education. ABCNews. January 23, 2010. Archived from the original onJuly 1, 2012.

[136] "'Bogus Bill' has a blast playing billionaire in 'The SocialNetwork'". KVAL 13.

[137] Wills, Amanda. "Bill Gates Joins LinkedIn", Mashable,New York, June 13, 2013. Retrieved on July 30, 2013.

8.1 Bibliography

Fridson, Martin (2001), How to Be a Billionaire:Proven Strategies from the Titans of Wealth, JohnWiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-41617-7

Gates, Bill (1996), The Road Ahead, PenguinBooks, ISBN 0-14-026040-4

Lesinski, Jeanne M. (2006), Bill Gates (biography),A&E Television Networks, ISBN 0-8225-7027-0

Manes, Stephen (1994), Gates: How MicrosoftsMogul Reinvented an Industry and Made HimselfThe Richest Man in America, Touchstone Pictures,ISBN 0-671-88074-8

Wallace, James (1993), Hard Drive: Bill Gates andthe Making of the Microsoft Empire, New York:HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN 0-471-56886-4

9 Further reading Bank, David (2001). Breaking Windows: how BillGates fumbled the future of Microsoft. New York:Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-0315-1.

Rivlin, Gary (1999). The plot to get Bill Gates: anirreverent investigation of the worlds richest man...and the people who hate him. New York: TimesBusiness. ISBN 0-8129-3006-1.

83 Reasons Why Bill Gatess Reign Is Over.Wired 6 (12). December 1998.

Kildall, Gary (October 25, 2004). The Man WhoCould Have Been Bill Gates. Bloomberg Business-Week. Retrieved June 9, 2010.

The Meaning of Bill Gates: As his reign at Mi-crosoft comes to an end, so does the era he domi-nated, The Economist, June 28, 2008.

10 External links Official website

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Profile at Microsoft

Profile at Forbes

Ancestry of Bill Gates

Appearances on C-SPAN

Bill Gates at TED

Bill Gates at the Internet Movie Database

Bill Gates collected news and commentary at TheGuardian

Bill Gates collected news and commentary at TheNew York Times

Bill Gates collected news and commentary at TheWall Street Journal

Bill Gates collected news and commentary atBloomberg News

Works by or about Bill Gates in libraries (WorldCatcatalog)

Works by Bill Gates at Open Library

Bill Gates at the Notable Names Database

How I Work: Bill Gates, Fortune, March 30, 2006.

The Forbes 400, September 16, 2008.

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13

11 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

11.1 Text Bill Gates Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Gates?oldid=651184804 Contributors: AxelBoldt, WojPob, Eloquence, Mav,

Robert Merkel, The Anome, AstroNomer, Eean, Malcolm Farmer, Ed Poor, Alex.tan, Gorm, Eclecticology, Youssefsan, Vignaux, XJaM,JeLuF, Jel, William Avery, SimonP, Shii, FvdP, Zoe, Rlee0001, Hirzel, Fonzy, Modemac, Hephaestos, Olivier, Chuq, Lisiate, Stev-ertigo, Rbrwr, Frecklefoot, Edward, Lir, Kchishol1970, Michael Hardy, Tim Starling, Kwertii, JakeVortex, Modster, Bewildebeast,Kaijan, Dante Alighieri, Wm, Gabbe, Menchi, Tannin,