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ANGUILIFORMES

ANTONIO, JELLY

2009-29460


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Family Anguillidae(freshwater eels)

Eyes well developed

Posterior nostril in front ofeye.

Jaws well developed, withthe lower jaw invariably thelonger

The teeth are concealed by

thick lips All fins without hard spines

Gill openings paired, wellseparated left and right side

openings as small vertical


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Family Chlopsidae(false morays)

Have dorsal fin originatingabove or behind the gillopening

Median fins are continuousaround the tail

Mouth reaches beyond therear margin of the eye;

Teeth are small and pointed(3 rows on the jaw, 2separate rows in the vomer)


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Family Colocongridae(shorttail eels)

Fused parietals

Presence of well-developed

hypohyals

Relatively short tail


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Family Congridae(conger eels)

Long dorsal fin nearlyreaching the pectoral fin

Have an upper jaw longer

than the lower jaw

A complete lack of scales

Ethmoid processes are absent

The posterior teeth of themaxilla are markedlyenlarged and pointed forward


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Family Derichthyidae(longneck eels)

Body elongate, scaleless,compressed posteriorly,constricted between headand pectoral fins in

Snout blunt or long

Eyes well developed

Mouth reaching to or almostto posterior eye margin

Caudal fin truncate,confluent with dorsal andanal fins.


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Family Heterenchelyidae(mud eels)

Morphological adaptations toburrowing:

reduced eye size

a caudoventral orientation ofthe anteromedial section ofthe adductor mandibulaemuscle complex

posterior position of the

quadrate-mandibular joint

a solid conical skull

large insertion sites of

epaxial and hypaxial muscleson the neurocranium


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Family Moringuidae(worm/spaghetti eels)

Small elongated cylindricalbody giving a worm-likeappearance

Has a strongly protrudinglower jaw

At maturity, they changetheir color to dark on the

bck, silvery below Reduced eyes

Low or absent paired verticalfins


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Family Muraenesocidae(pike congers)

Have a slender pointed head

Lower jaw has a typical

bump, fitting in a notch ofthe upper jaws

Gill openings are large,extending from the pectoral

fin bases to near the ventralmidline, almost meeting inthe middle

All pike congers are strictly

marine


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Family Muraenidae(moray eels)

Prsence of big gape

Exhibit an innovative feedingmechanism that allows themto transport large prey itemsfrom the oral jaw all the way

back towards the esophagususing the pharyngeal jaws

Stout and robust neurocranialelements

An elongated lower jaw asthe result of the posteriorposition of the quadrato-mandibular articulation

Enlarged teeth of oral jaws


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Family Myrocongridae(thin eels)

Slender body

Snout relatively long and

depressed

No lips

Eye oval and large

Neurocranium very slender

Teeth prominent and sharp inintermaxillary and inner rowsand maxillary and dentary


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Family Nemichthyidae(snipe eels)

Both jaws are prolonged into a slender bill


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Family Nettastomatidae(duckbill eels)

Caudal displacement of thehyomandibula bone,quadrate-mandibulararticulation and opercle-hyomandibular joint

Decrease in the depth of theneurocranium

Immobile, long maxilla and

well-developed adductormandibulae complex

Food obtained by powerfulbiting.

Jaw elongation provides more


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Family Ophichthidae(snake eels)

Often with striking coloration

Occur from the equator towarm temperate regions

Have an upper jaw distinctlylonger than the lower jaw


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Family Serrivomeridae(sawtooth eels)

Rows of saw-like teeth along the roof ofthe mouth

Elongate naked body


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Family Synaphobranchidae(cutthroat eels)

Live at great depths in theAtlantic, Indian and Pacificoceans

Parasitic characteristics :

stretchable skin around thesmall terminal mouth opening

Cutting-edge teeth

Stout mouth closingapparatus with largeassociated muscles

A large tongue-like secretory

structure


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"The Eels." Gulf of Maine Research Institute. Web. 10 Oct. 2011..

Randall, John E. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. UniversityOF Hawaii. Google Books. Web. 10 Oct. 2011.

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Eagderi, Soheil. "Structural Diversity in the Cranial Musculoskeletal System inAnguiliformes." Universiteit Gent (2009-2010). Print.

Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. CITES Identification Guide toFreshwater Eels. Rep. Natur Vards Verket, Mar. 2009. Web. 10 Oct. 2011.

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