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Bhopal

Capital city

Clockwise from top: VIP Road, Airport Entrance, Aishbagh Stadium, DB City

Mall, Taj-ul-Masajid, Raja Bhoj Airport, Platinum Plaza

Nickname(s): city of lakes

Location of Bhopal in the Central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh

Coordinates: 2315N 7725E

Country India

State Madhya Pradesh

District Bhopal

Government Body Bhopal Municipal Corporation

Mayor Krishna Gaur (BJP)

Municipal

Commissioner

Vishesh Garhpale

Collector Nishant Warwade

Area

Capital city 648.24 km2(250.29 sq mi)

Elevation 527 m (1,729 ft)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bhopal(/bo pl/; Hindustani

pronunciation: [bopal]( )) is the capital of the

Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the

administrative headquarters of Bhopal district

and Bhopal division. The city was the capital of

the former Bhopal State. Bhopal is known as

the City of Lakes[3]for its various natural as

well as artificial lakes and is also one of the

greenest cities in India.[4]Bhopal is the 16th

largest city in India and 231st[5]largest city in

the world. It is basically divided into two parts -

old Bhopal and new Bhopal.

A Y-class city,[6]Bhopal houses various

institutions and installations of national

importance. Some of these include ISRO's

Master Control Facility,[7]AIIMS Bhopal

(Established in 2012),[8]National Institute of

Fashion Technology (NIFT) AMPRI, MANIT,

IISER, SPA, IIFM, BHEL, School of Planning

and Architecture (SPA Bhopal) and NLIU,

Gandhi Medical College.

The city attracted international attention in

December 1984 after the Bhopal disaster, whena Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide

manufacturing plant leaked a mixture of deadly

gases, leading to one of the worst industrial

disasters in the world's history. The Bhopal

disaster continues to be a part of the socio-

political debate and a logistical challenge for

the people of Bhopal.[9]

1 History

1.1 Bhopal disaster

2 Geography

2.1 Climate

3 Economy

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Population (2011)[1]

Capital city 1,795,648[1]

Rank 16th[1]

Metro 2,795,648

Demonym Bhopali

Languages

Official Hindi & Urdu

Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)

Pincode 462001 to 462xxx

Telephone 0755

Vehicle registration MP-04

Website bhopalmunicipal.com

(http://bhopalmunicipal.com)

The Bhojeshwar Temple near Bhopal,

dedicated to the Hindu deity Shiva,

was built by the king Bhoja about

1050 AD.[10]

4 Education

5 Government and politics

6 Transport

6.1 Local transport

6.2 Roads

6.3 Railways

6.4 Airport

7 Demographics

8 Places of interest

9 Culture

10 Media

10.1 Electronic media

10.2 Print media

11 See also12 References

13 Further reading

14 External links

According to folklore, Bhopal is said to have been founded by the king

Bhoja of the Paramara dynasty (AD 10001055), who ruled from hiscapital at Dhar. This theory states that Bhopal was originally known as

Bhojpalafter the king and the dam ("pal") constructed by him. No

available archaeological evidence, inscriptions or historical texts support

the claim about an earlier settlement founded by Bhoja at the same

place, although a temple complex constructed by him exists at Bhojpur,

which is located 28 km from Bhopal. An alternative theory says that the

name of the city was coined from the name of another king called

Bhupala (or Bhupal).[11][12](During the British Raj, the railway tickets

printed in the city and the signboards on the railway station mentioned

the name of the city as "Bhupal" in Hindustani and "Bhoopal" in

English.)

In the early 17 th century,In the early 18th century, Bhopal was a small village in the local Gond kingdom. The

modern Bhopal city was established by Dost Mohammad Khan (16721728), an Afghan soldier in the Mughal

army.[13]After the death of the emperor Aurangzeb, Khan started providing mercenary services to several local

chieftains in the politically unstable Malwa region. In 1709, he took on the lease of Berasia estate, and later

annexed several territories in the region to establish the Bhopal State.[14]Khan received the territory of Bhopal

from the Gond queen Rani Kamlapati in lieu of payment for mercenary services, and usurped her kingdom after

her death.[15]


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A view of upper lake, part of the city

and the hilly Vindhya terrain.Bhopal

Climate chart (explanation)

In 1737 Marathas defeated the Mughals in the Battle of Bhopal and started collecting tributes from local

chieftains. The city remained under Maratha suzerainty until the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1818, when

Bhopal became a British princely state. Between 1819 and 1926, it was ruled by four women, Begums, unique

in the royalty of those days - under British suzerainty, Qudsia Begum was the first woman ruler, who was

succeeded by her only daughter Sikandar Begum, who in turn was succeeded by her only daughter, Shahjehan

Begum. Sultan Jahan Begum was the last woman ruler, who after 25 years of rule, abdicated in favour of her

son, Hamidullah Khan. The rule of Begums gave the city its waterworks, railways, a postal system and a

municipality constituted in 1907.

[16]

Bhopal State was the second-largest Muslim-ruled princely state, the first being Hyderabad. After the

independence of India in 1947, the last Nawab expressed his wish to retain Bhopal as a separate unit. Agitations

against the Nawab broke out in December 1948, leading to the arrest of prominent leaders including Shankar

Dayal Sharma. Later, the political detainees were released, and the Nawab signed the agreement for Bhopal's

merger with the Union of India on 30 April 1949.[17]The Bhopal state was taken over by the Union

Government of India on 1 June 1949. Hindu Sindhi refugees from Pakistan were accommodated in Bairagarh, a

western suburb of Bhopal (now renamed to Sant Hirdaram Nagar). According to the States Reorganization Act

of 1956, the Bhopal state was integrated into the state of Madhya Pradesh, and Bhopal was declared as its

capital. The population of the city rose rapidly thereafter.

Bhopal disaster

On 3 December 1984, a Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant in Bhopal leaked around 32 tons of toxic

gases, including methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas which led to the worst industrial disaster to date. The official

death toll was initially recorded around 4,000. A Madhya Pradesh government report stated 3,787 deaths, while

other estimates state the fatalities were significantly higher (16,000) from the accident and the medical

complications caused by the accident, in the weeks and years that followed - the higher estimates have been

challenged.[18][19]The impact of the disaster continues to this day in terms of psychological and neurological

disabilities, blindness, skin, vision, breathing and birth disorders.[20][21][22]The soil and ground water near the

factory site has been contaminated by the toxic wastes.[22][23]The Bhopal disaster continues to be the part of

the socio-political debate, the cleanup of environmental contamination and rehabilitation of those affected

continues to challenge the people of Bhopal.[9]3 December is annually observed as the official day of

mourning, and every year, all government offices in Bhopal remain closed on this day.

Bhopal has an average elevation of 500m metres (1401 ft). Bhopal is

located in the central part of India, and is just north of the upper limit of

the Vindhya mountain ranges. Located on the Malwa plateau, it is higher

than the north Indian plains and the land rises towards the Vindhya

Range to the south. The city has uneven elevation and has small hills

within its boundaries. The major hills in Bhopal are Idgah hills and

Shyamala hills in the northern region, katara hills in south region and

Arera hills in the central region.

According to current

master plan, the

municipality covers 697

square kilometres It has two big lakes, collectively known as the


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J F M A M J J A S O N D

Average max. and min. temperatures in C

Precipitation totals in mm

Imperial conversion

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Average max. and min. temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inches

Bhoj Wetland. These lakes are the Upper Lake (now renamed to

Bhojtal) and the Lower Lake. Locally these are known as the Bada

Talab (literally, big lake) and Chota Talab (literally, small lake)

respectively. The catchment area of the Upper Lake is 360 km

while that of the Lower Lake is 9.6 km. The Upper Lake drains

into the Kolar River. The Van Vihar National Park is a national

park situated besides the Upper Lake.

Climate

Bhopal has a humid subtropical climate, with cool, dry winters, a

hot summer and a humid monsoon season. Summers start in late

March and go on till mid-June, the average temperature being

around 30 C (86 F), with the peak of summer in May, when the

highs regularly exceed 40 C (104 F). The monsoon starts in late

June and ends in late September. These months see about 40 inches

(1020 mm) of precipitation, frequent thunderstorms and flooding.

The average temperature is around 25 C (77 F) and the humidity

is quite high. Temperatures rise again up to late October whenwinter starts, which lasts up to early March. Winters in Bhopal are

cool, sunny and comfortable, with average daily temperatures

around 16 C (61 F) and little or no rain. The winter peaks in

January when temperatures may drop close to freezing on some

nights. Lowest temperature ever recorded was 0.3C. Total annual

rainfall is about 1146 mm (46 inches).

Climate data for Bhopal

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Averagehigh C (F)

24.4

(75.9)

28.3

(82.9)

33.6

(92.5)

38.3

(100.9)

40.7

(105.3)

37.0

(98.6)

30.6

(87.1)

28.8

(83.8)

30.5

(86.9)

32.0

(89.6)

29.0

(84.2)

25.3

(77.5)

31.54

(88.77)

Average lowC (F)

9.4

(48.9)

11.4

(52.5)

17.4

(63.3)

21.8

(71.2)

25.5

(77.9)

25.3

(77.5)

23.1

(73.6)

22.4

(72.3)

21.4

(70.5)

18.4

(65.1)

12.1

(53.8)

9.9

(49.8)

18.18

(64.7)

Precipitationmm (inches)

12.9

(0.508)

7.8

(0.307)

7.2

(0.283)

4.5

(0.177)

8.0

(0.315)

114.0

(4.488)

355.8

(14.008)

388.4

(15.291)

195.8

(7.709)

26.2

(1.031)

13.7

(0.539)

12.4

(0.488)

1,146.7

(45.144)

Source: IMD

The Govindpura industrial area has 1044 small- and medium-scale industries involved in various kinds of

production activities.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India, has a unit

(http://www.bhelbhopal.com/) in Bhopal. It occupies a large area in the Eastern Part of the city and maintains a

13

24

9

7.8

28

11

7.2

34

17

4.5

38

22

8

41

26

114

37

25

356

31

23

388

29

22

196

31

21

26

32

18

14

29

12

12

25

10

0.5

76

49

0.3

83

53

0.3

92

63

0.2

101

71

0.3

105

78

4.5

99

78

14

87

74

15

84

72

7.7

87

71

1

90

65

0.5

84

54

0.5

78

50


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National Law Institute University

IIFM arc

suburb named after it. A majority of the residents of the BHEL Suburb are employed by the unit.

The major industries in the old city are electrical goods, medicinal, cotton, chemicals and jewelry. Other

industries include cotton and flour milling, cloth weaving and painting, as well as making matches, sealing wax,

and sporting equipment.[24]The residents of Bhopal also engage in large retail businesses. Handicrafts, like

zardozi and batua(a small string purse, usually used with Indian traditional dresses) are some of the products of

the Old City.[25]In addition, there are also a large number of garages in the Old City which specialise in

automobile conversion. These garages produce custom-modified and tuned cars, SUVs and motorbikes.

Bhopal is also home to the DB Corp, informally called the Bhaskar Group (after its major publicationDainik

Bhaskar), a Rs. 1700 crore (Rs. 17 billion) business conglomerate with strong presence in media. Its head office

is located in Maharana Pratap Nagar. Manjul Publishing House, located in the old city, is a major publishing

house made famous by the translation of the Harry Potter series of novels into Hindi.[26]

Mandideep is an industrial suburb of Bhopal. It is located to the South of the city on the NH 12.[27]Mandideep's

total exports are worth some 2,300 crore rupees ($500m; 300m) per year, making it the largest industrial area

in Madhya Pradesh. The town is home to Hindustan Electo Graphite (HEG), owning the largest graphite

electrode plant in the world and is the largest industrial company in the entire state. Hindustan Electro Graphite

(HEG) and Lupin Laboratories ltd. are the dominant companies in the suburb, each exports worth around 900

crore rupees.[28]Apart from that, Mandideep also houses the manufacturing plant of Makson group of company,

Eicher Tractors for the oldest tractor manufacturers in India.

There are more than 550 state government sponsored schools and affiliated

to the Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (MPBSE) located

within the city limits. In addition, there are four Kendriya Vidyalayas in the

city affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). The

city is also served by numerous other private schools affiliated to either

CBSE or MPBSE. Some schools are also affiliated to National Institute of

Open Schooling (NIOS) and ICSE Board, Institution Of Secondary

Distance Education (ISDE) or Private Non-Governmental Board of School

Education.

AIIMS Bhopal is one of the apex healthcare institutes established by the

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India under the Pradhan

Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojna (PMSSY). The PMSSY has established six such

institutes aimed at correcting regional imbalances in quality tertiary level healthcare

in the country, and attaining self-sufficiency in graduate and postgraduate medicaleducation and training in under- served areas of the country. The institute has been

established by an Act of Parliament on the lines of the original All India Institute of

Medical Sciences in New Delhi. It has started imparting undergraduate medical and

nursing education and is working towards postgraduate medical education in all its

branches and related fields, along with paramedical training. They aim to bring

together, in one place, educational facilities of the highest order for the training of

personnel in all branches of health care activity.

Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal is among the oldest medical college in Madhya Pradesh and was established in

1955. This college is associated with Hamidia Hospital, Sultania Zenana hospital, Kamla Nehru Hospital and


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Vidhan Bhawan, which houses the

Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha.

has a Regional Institute of Ophthalmology and a National Institute for Research in Environment Health and the

first of its kind Medico-Legal Institute in India.

National Law Institute University founded in 1997 is a premier law university in the city and has been ranked as

the 3rd best law school in India by Outlook and India Today.The National Judicial Academy (NJA)is also

situated here.

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, established in 1998, is a multi-

campus affiliating university located in Bhopal. It has campuses and affiliated colleges in Bhopal and othermajor cities of Madhya Pradesh. 217 engineering colleges, 95 pharmacy colleges, 88 MCA colleges, 4

architecture colleges and 85 polytechnic institutions are affiliated to it. UIT RGPV, an engineering institution

established in 1986 as the Government Engineering College was granted autonomous status in 2010. Other

universities include the, the Barkatullah University, the Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University (for distance

education) and the Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University of Journalism and Communication and SNGGPG

college.

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), established in 1960, is the premier institute for

technology in the city and has been categorized by the Government of India as an Institute of National

Importance. There are several other public and private engineering schools (numbering almost 200) located in

and around the city.

The Indian Institute of Forest Management founded in 1982 is an autonomous institution, established by the

Ministry of Environment and Forests (http://envfor.nic.in/), Government of India with financial assistance from

the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and course assistance from the Indian

Institute of Management Ahmedabad. It is considered as one of top sectorial MBA college in India.

The National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research (NITTTR), established by Ministry of

HRD, Govt. of India in 1966 as TTTI, is also located in Bhopal. It offers M. Tech., Ph.D.,MBA and Training

courses. Other Central Government-run institutes in the city include Indian Institute of Science Education and

Research (IISER) and School of Planning and Architecture (SPA, established 2008).

[29]

Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh. It houses the State Legislative

Assembly, or the Vidhan Sabha, which seats 230 members of Legislative

Assembly. The thirteenth (and current) Vidhan Sabha was elected in May

2013.[30]As of April 2012, the party in the majority in Vidhan Sabha is

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) which is led by Shivraj Singh Chauhan.

Bhopal district elects seven seats to the Assembly.

The administration of Bhopal city is handled by Bhopal Municipal

Corporation, also known as BMC. The total area under BMC is 285 km.

The city is divided into 66 wards. Each ward elects a corporator. The

winning party elects a council of members, who are responsible for various

departments. The council members chose the Mayor among themselves. At present, there are ten members in

the council. The Commissioner of Bhopal is the highest officer of Municipal Corporate Office, which is

responsible for the departments of public works, revenue and tax, water supply, planning and development, fire

brigade, health and sanitation, finance and accounts etc.


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Bhopal road

Habibganj railway station

Local transport

Bhopal has been a railroad and highway transportation hub for a long time. Bhopal has its own city bus service

operated by Bhopal City Link Limited. In addition, around 600 mini-buses are run by private operators. Metro

or Radio Taxis and auto-rickshaws are another major means of transport. In some parts in the old as well as new

city, the new Tata Magic Vans are running successfully and have replaced the older and bigger diesel rickshaws known as "Bhat" in year 2010.

Bhopal has India's longest Bus Rapid Transit System, which became functional from the year 2013.[31]

A metro rail project is under implementation for the city.[32]

Roads

National Highway 12 passes through Bhopal which connects it to

Jabalpur in the East and Jaipur in the West. National Highway 86connects Bhopal to Sagar in the East to Dewas in the West. State

Highway 17 connects the city with Indore. Apart from the long distance

services, there are many services to nearby places within the state. There

are number of daily buses to Indore, Ujjain, Gwalior, Jabalpur,

Khajuraho, Sanchi, Pachmarhi, Vidisha and Berasia in Madhya Pradesh.

There are also daily buses to Ahmedabad, Jodhpur, Kota, Nagpur, Jaipur

Shirdi, Pune, Akola, Amravati, Jalgaon, Vadodara, Surat and Nashik.

Recently private bus services started to Mumbai as well. An interstate

bus terminus is located near the Habibganj railway station,[33]called the

Kushabhau Thakre Inter State Bus Terminal which was inaugurated in

2011.[34]

Railways

Bhopal lies in the West Central Railway Zone. Considering both

North-South and East-West train routes, it is one of the most rail

connected cities in India. It houses the Divisional Railway Managers

(DRM) head office under Central railways. Some of the railway stations

in Bhopal are:

Bhopal Junction Railway Station[35]is the largest and most

important railway station in the city. Being on the main

North-South line, it is connected by rail to all parts of the country

except North-Eastern states. More than 150 daily trains have

stoppages in Bhopal.[35]

Habibganj Railway Station[35]is a major and the most developed station of Bhopal. It holds the

distinction of being the first ISO 9000:2001 certified railway station in India.


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Religion in Bhopal[38][39]

Religion Percent

Hindus 73 %

Muslims 23%

Jains 1.2%

Christians 1.1%

Buddhists 1.1%

Others 0.6%

Distribution of religionsIncludes Sikhs

Misrod Railway Station[35]is located in the Misrod suburb of the city.

Mandideep Railway Station[35]is located in the industrial town of Mandideep.

Sukhsewanagar

Bairagarh[35]is located in the north-western Bairagarh suburb.

Airport

The Raja Bhoj International Airport is located near the satellite suburb Bairagarh.[36][37]

There are three routes or ways to reach the airport: (1) Via Bairagarh, (2) Via Panchvati, (3) Via Gandhi nagar

road (N.H 12). From within the city, VIP road, a four lane road connects with the airport. Bhopal Airport is the

international airport of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh and lies 15 km to the north of the city. International flights

began operations in 2010 although no schedule services currently run internationally.

Domestic direct flight services operate to New Delhi and Mumbai from Jet Airways, JetKonnect and Air India.

According to the 2011 census the population of the Bhopal city

is 1,795,648, with 939,560 males and 856,088 females. The

urban / metropolitan Bhopal population extends beyond

Bhopal city, and the metro population was 1,883,381 in

2011.[1]

The total effective literacy rate was 85.24%, with male and

female literacy respectively at 89.2% and 80.1%.[1]

Out of Bhopal's total population, 1.35 million were Hindus

(73%), 0.42 million were Muslims (23%),[39]and rest were

Jains, Christians, Buddhists, Sikhs and others.[38]

The chief languages are Hindi, Urdu, and English. The common street dialect spoken in Bhopal, especially in

older regions of the city is termed as "Bhopali" and is the subject of comedy in Bollywood movies.

Nature

Lower Lake - The lake was created in 1794 to beautify the city. The smaller lake is spread over an area 7.99

square kilometer.

Bhojtal - formerly known as Upper Lake, is a large lake which lies on the western side of the city. It is a major

source of drinking water for the residents of the city. Along with the nearby Chhota Talaab, meaning small lake

in Hindi, Bhojtal constitutes the so-called Bhoj Wetland. According to the local folklore, Bhojtal was built in

11th century. The lake was created by constructing an earthen dam across the Kolans River. An eleven gate dam

called the Bhadbhada dam was constructed at Bhadbhada in 1965 at the southeast corner of the Lake, and now

controls the outflow to the river Kaliasote. The lake was called Upper Lake or Bada Talab ("Big Pond") until


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Stupa at Sanchi, another UNESCO

world heritage site near Bhopal

A leopard in Van Vihar, Bhopal

India over 2000 years.[42]Other attractions such as Islamnagar, Kerwa,

Raisen are points of interest are also located within 50 kilometer drive

from Bhopal.

Activity centers

Regional Science Center is a

science museum located on the

picturesque Shyamala Hills. This

centre houses about 300 science

exhibits in Invention and Fun

Science galleries. Taramandal

and Planetarium at the centre

helps the students and enthusiasts study the astral and mysterious world

of stars, galaxies and the universe. Stargazing sessions are organized at

the planetarium for those who want to have a real close view of these

luminous bodies.

Fish Aquarium is situated near Raj-Bhavan and old assembly hall. Covering one hectare area, the fish house isbuilt in fish like structure. Van Vihar is the city's zoo, and is located on a hill near to upper lake in natural

surroundings. Spread over an area of 445 hectares, it features birds and wildlife.

The Museum of Mankind in Bhopal exhibits tribal and folk houses from all corners of India.[43]

Bhopali dishes and food in Bhopal are comparatively mild, less spicy and unique in taste. Local and individual

variations of various popular snacks and foods can be found selling around the city . Bhopali food has a large

variety of non-vegetarian dishes, including Bhopali Murgh Rezala, Paneer Rezala, Bhopali Gosht Korma,Murgh Hara Masala Rice and Murgh Nizami.

Diwali and Eid are major festivals in Bhopal. Gifts and sweets are exchanged and donation are made to the

poor. Diwali is celebrated by worshiping the wealth goddessLakshmi. Eid is special to the city as all the Hindus

take time out to visit their Muslim friends and greet them and get treated with delicacies, the specialty of the

day being sweet sewaiya. Bhopali culture is such that both Hindus and Muslims visit each other on their

respective festivals to greet and exchange sweets. During Ganesh puja and Durga Puja (Navratras), idols of

Ganesh and Durga are established injhankisthroughout the city. People throng to offer prayers to their deities.

At the end of Navratras, on the day of Vijayadashami (orDussehra), huge effigies of Ravan are burnt in

different parts of the city. Some of them are organized by the local administration and stand as tall as 60 feet

(18 m).

Bhopal Ijtema is an annual Muslim world preachers congregation, is held at Ghasipura 11 km from Bhopal. The

congregation is said to be one of the largest Islamic gathering other than Hajj at Mecca in Saudi Arabia and

Bishwa Ijtima at Tongi in Bangladesh. The annual congregation near Bhopal draws between 500,000 to

1,000,000 Muslims from all over the globe.[44]

Bharat Bhavan is the main cultural centre of the city. It has an art gallery, an open-air amphitheatre facing the

Upper Lake, two other theatres and a tribal museum.

The Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS), an autonomous organization of Govt. of India,


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Rabari house is one of the culturaldisplays at IGRMS under Indian

government's Ministry of Culture.

Ministry of Culture is dedicated to the depiction of story of mankind in

time and space. The Sangrahalaya is involved in generating a new

museum movement in India, with open, freewheeling, flexible plan, to

demonstrate the simultaneous validity of human cultures and the

plurality of alternatives for human articulation. The innovative aspects

of the Organisation are its open air and indoor exhibitions, built with

active involvement of traditional artisans and experts drawn from

different community groups, and the Education, Outreach and Salvage

activities for revitalisatin of vanishing but valuable cultural traditions.

The headquarters of the IGRMS is located in Bhopal (M.P.) while a

regional centre is functioning from Heritage building Wellington House,

Mysore (Karnataka). It showcases the tribal culture of various regions

and various examples of tribal art and architecture. Every year in January/February, it hosts potters' workshops,

folk music and dance events and open-air plays. Tribals also demonstrate their skills in painting, weaving, and

the fashioning of bell metal into works of art.

Electronic media

Presently the city has 5 Private Radio stations in Bhopal apart from Vividh Bharti viz. BIG FM 92.7, 94.3 My

FM Jiyo Dil Se (http://www.myfmindia.com), Radio Mirchi 98.3, Red FM 93.5 and 90.4 MHz Radio Popcorn.

AIR Bhopal (Akashvani Bhopal) transmits on Medium Wave 1593 kHz via a 10 kW transmitter. It also

simulcasts in Shortwave via a 50 kW transmitter at the following times and frequencies:

4810 kHz: 0025-0215 UTC

7430 kHz: 0225-0447 (Sun 0531/0631) UTC

7430 kHz: 0630/0700-0931 (Sun 0700-1031) UTC

4810 kHz: 1130-1742 UTC

Government-run FM channels:

103.5 MHz AIR Vividh Bharati (6 kW power)

105.0 MHz Gyan Vani (10 kW power)

Private & Commercial FM channels:

92.7 MHz Big 92.7 FM

93.5 MHz Red FM (Bajaate Raho)

94.3 MHz My FM

98.3 MHz Radio Mirchi

90.4 MHz Low Power (50W) Community Radio of RKDF Institute of Science & Technology,

Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal.

Bhopal has its own Radio and Television stations (All India Radio and Doordarshan respectively). Local


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Television networks include Digi Networks and BTV(Bhaskar TV). Besides, three regional satellite channels

operate from Bhopal, namely ETV Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh, Sahara Madhya Pradesh and Sadhana

News.

Print media

Various Hindi and English newspapers are published from Bhopal. The Times of India, Hindustan Times, The

Pioneer (Indian newspaper), Youth Engine, The Hitavada, etc. are the main English dailies and weeklypublished from the city while Dainik Bhaskar, Raj Express, nazare hind, Nava Bharat, Nai Dunia, Dainik

Jagran, Patrika, News Track Network, BPN Times, Peoples Samachar,rastra ka hawhan etc. are the main Hindi

dailies published from here.

Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)

^ abcde"Provisional Population Totals" (http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2

/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.xls). Census of India 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner,

Government of India. Retrieved 2013-03-12.

1.

^http://bhopal.nic.in/profilebpl2012.pdf2.

^Educational Britannica Educational (1 July 2010). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places

(http://books.google.com/books?id=xPUvqtdfjyAC&pg=PA174). The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 174.

ISBN 978-1-61530-202-4. Retrieved 15 April 2012.

3.

^Green (28 January 2010). "MSN's 8 green cities of India 7 Green News Article MSN India"

(http://green.in.msn.com/greenliving/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3490719&page=7). Green.in.msn.com. Retrieved

2010-07-26.

4.

^"The world's largest cities" (http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-ad.html). City Mayors.

Retrieved 16 August 2013.

5.

^http://finmin.nic.in/the_ministry/dept_expenditure/miscellaneous/hracca.pdf6.

^"ISRO Master Control Facility" (http://web.archive.org/web/20070930153945/http://www.isro.org/newsletters

/spaceindia/oct2004jun2005/Chapter2.htm). Archived from the original (http://www.isro.org/newsletters/spaceindia

/oct2004jun2005/Chapter2.htm) on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-27.

7.

^"Bhopal AIIMS ," (http://web.archive.org/web/20070526003943/http://www.centralchronicle.com/20060117

/1701025.htm). Archived from the original (http://www.centralchronicle.com/20060117/1701025.htm) on 26 May

2007. Retrieved 2007-03-20.

8.

^ ab http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/Government-braces-for-disposal-of-Carbide-waste-at-Pithampur

/articleshow/35422050.cms The Times of India, May 21, 2014

9.

^M. M. Ninan (2008), The Development of Hinduism, ISBN 978-1438228204, page 13310.

^Pranab Kumar Bhattacharyya (1977).Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records. Motilal

Banarsidass. p. 275. ISBN 978-0-8426-9091-1.

11.


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^CPI joins campaign against naming Bhopal as Bhojpal (http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-BHO-cpi-joins-

campaign-against-naming-bhopal-as-bhojpal-1939473.html). Daily Bhaskar, 16 March 2011.

12.

^John Falconer, James Waterhouse (2009). The Waterhouse albums: central Indian provinces. Mapin.

ISBN 978-81-89995-30-0.

13.

^Shaharyar M. Khan (2000). The Begums of Bhopal(illustrated ed.). I.B.Tauris. pp. 129. ISBN 978-1-86064-528-014.

^Kamla Mittal (1990).History of Bhopal State. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 2. OCLC 551527788

(https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/551527788).

15.

^"BMC History" (http://www.bhopalmunicipal.com/history.htm). 15 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-12.16.

^S.R. Bakshi and O.P. Ralhan (2007).Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages. Sarup & Sons. p. 360.

ISBN 978-81-7625-806-7.

17.

^Eckerman, Ingrid (2005). The Bhopal SagaCauses and Consequences of the World's Largest Industrial Disaster

(http://eckerman.nu/the-bhopal-saga). India: Universities Press. ISBN 81-7371-515-7.

18.

^Carol Wood, The Bhopal Saga: Causes and Consequences of the Worlds Largest Industrial Disaster

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1257585/), Environ Health Perspect., May 2005; 113(5): A344

19.

^ALTAF QADRI (3 December 2009). "Victims of Bhopal Mark Anniversary" (http://www.time.com/time/world

/article/0,8599,1945229,00.html). Time.

20.

^Lakhani, Nina (29 November 2009). "Bhopal: The victims are still being born" (http://www.independent.co.uk

/news/world/asia/bhopal-the-victims-are-still-being-born-1830516.html). The Independent(London). Archived

(http://web.archive.org/web/20091203010047/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/bhopal-the-victims-

are-still-being-born-1830516.html) from the original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2009.

21.

^ ab"Bhopal marks 25 years since gas leak devastation" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8392206.stm).BBC

News. 3 December 2009. Archived (http://web.archive.org/web/20100607190104/http://news.bbc.co.uk

/2/hi/south_asia/8392206.stm) from the original on 7 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-26.

22.

^"Subterranean Leak" (http://www.downtoearth.org.in/cover.asp?foldername=20091215&filename=news&sid=22&

sec_id=9).

23.

^"Bhopal industries" (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9079067/Bhopal#84367.hook). Retrieved 2007-04-10.24.

^"Zari and Batua" (http://www.craftandartisans.com/zari-zardozi-tinsel-embroidery.html). Archived

(http://web.archive.org/web/20070406171714/http://craftandartisans.com/zari-zardozi-tinsel-embroidery.html) from

the original on 6 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-12.

25.

^"Manjul Publishing House Bhopal has also got central india's premier fashion institute iift-Indian Institute of

Fashion Technology with its branches in M.P.Nagar and Koh-e-fiza, to cater to the needs of old and new bhopal."

(http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20050010198). Retrieved 2007-04-04.

26.

^http://www.mandideep.com/mg_intro.aspx27.

^Madslien, Jorn (2 December 2009). "Industrial success fails to lift Bhopal" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business

/8388167.stm). BBC News. Archived (http://web.archive.org/web/20100610122326/http://news.bbc.co.uk

/2/hi/business/8388167.stm) from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-26.

28.

^"Three more IITs, two IISc to come up" (http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Services

/Education/Three_more_IITs_two_IISc_to_come_up/articleshow/2290923.cms). Economic Times. 18 August 2007.

Retrieved 2009-09-24.

29.

^"Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha" (http://mpvidhansabha.nic.in/default.htm). Archived (http://web.archive.org

/web/20070227145417/http://mpvidhansabha.nic.in/default.htm) from the original on 27 February 2007. Retrieved

30.


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2007-03-08.

^"BRTS in Bhopal to be completed by Feb 2011, says Gaur" (http://www.zeenews.com/news615069.html).

ZeeNews.com. 30 March 2010. Archived (http://web.archive.org/web/20100713190041/http://www.zeenews.com

/news615069.html) from the original on 13 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-26.

31.

^Bhopal, Indore to have Metro Rail soon - Thaindian News (http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized

/bhopal-indore-to-have-metro-rail-soon_100145920.html)

32.

^"Interstare Bus Terminus" (http://web.archive.org/web/20070526003803/http://www.centralchronicle.com/20060110/1001027.htm). Archived from the original (http://www.centralchronicle.com/20060110/1001027.htm) on

26 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-16.

33.

^"ISBT starts services, passengers face inconvenience" (http://dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhopal/3018-

isbt-starts-services-passengers-face-inconvenience.html).Daily Pioneer. 2 September 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-16.

34.

^ abcdef"Railway Stations in Bhopal | BHOPAL ONLINE" (http://www.bhopalonline.info/railway_stations).

Bhopalonline.info. Archived (http://web.archive.org/web/20100717150032/http://www.bhopalonline.info

/railway_stations) from the original on 17 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-26.

35.

^"Indore, Bhopal to have international connectivity soon" (http://www.zeenews.com/news418383.html).

ZeeNews.com. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 2011-06-19.

36.

^ http://www.mpurban.gov.in/News/frm_NewsVIEW.aspx?newsid=224737.

^ abBaseline Survey of Bhopal District, Madhya Pradesh (http://www.icssr.org

/Baseline%20Survey%20of%20Bhopal%20District.pdf) Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India (2012)

38.

^ abState wise 300 Districts of India with Top Muslim Population in Urban Areas (http://www.aicmeu.org

/Muslim_Population_Distribution_in_India.htm) All India Council of Muslim Economic Upliftment, India (2013)

39.

^Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/925) UNESCO40.

^"Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka" (http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/925). World Heritage Site. Archived

(http://web.archive.org/web/20070308082739/http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=925) from the original

on 8 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-15.

41.

^Sanchi (Madhya Pradesh) (http://www.bergerfoundation.ch/wat4/museum1?museum=Sanchi&col=pays&

country=Inde&genre=%&cd=7256-3191-2328:7256-3191-2325:7256-3191-2326&cdindex=2), Jacques-Edouard

Berger Foundation, World Art Treasures; Monuments at Sanchi (UNESCO World Heritage) (http://www.kamit.jp

/02_unesco/01_sanchi/san_eng.htm)

42.

^A House of Tribal Tradition- Bhopal (http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/museum-of-mankind-bhopal-relocates-

tribal-houses-across-india/1/155488.html) India Today

43.

^Bhopal, Ijtema. "Ijtema" (http://www.siasat.com/english/news/3-day-aalami-tablighi-ijtima-begin-bhopal-dec-14)44.

Sinha, Indra (2007).Animal's People. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-7878-9.

Lapierre, Dominique (2002). Five Past Midnight in Bhopal. Warner Books. ISBN 0-7432-2035-8.

Khan, Shaharyar.Begums of Bhopal, A Dynasty of Women Rulers in Raj India. ISBN 1-86064-528-3.

Singh, J.P. (1998). City Planning in India: A Study of Land Use of Bhopal. Mittal Publications, India.

ISBN 81-7099-705-4.


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Wikimedia Commons has

media related to Bhopal.

Wikiquote has a collection

of quotations related to:

Bhopal

Howgh, William (2006).A Brief History Of The Bhopal Principality In Central India. Hesperides Press.

ISBN 1-4067-1225-6.

Mittal, Kamal (1990).History of Bhopal State: Development of Constitution, Administration and

National Awakening, 19011949. South Asia Books. ISBN 99903-0-915-9.

D'Silva, Themistocles (2006). The Black Box of Bhopal. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-4120-8412-1.

The Bhopal Story (http://www.thebhopalpost.com)

Official Website of Bhopal City (http://www.bhopal.nic.in)

Bhopal Municipal Corporation Website

(http://www.bhopalmunicipal.com)

Bhopal Airport (http://www.bhopalairport.com)

Bhopal Weather (http://weather.aol.com/forecast/todays/asia/india

/bhopal/id/INXX0023)

bhopalonline directory (http://www.bhopalbazaar.com)

Birds of Bhopal

[1] (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znvcQBua--w)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhopal&oldid=619946291"

Categories: Articles with unsourced statements from June 2,014 Bhopal Cities and towns in Bhopal district

Madhya Pradesh Former capital cities in India

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