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BHOA Black Hole Observations in Andromeda Indy Jones Micheal Lowe Danja Mewes PARI DUKE/TIP 2006 Slide 2 Please wait for movie to load. Click to pause, use right arrow key to proceed to the next slides/movies. Slide 3 Slide 4 Slide 5 20 points 10 arc minutes apart were observed with the 26-west telescope a total of 7 hours on 4 separate days (both for precision and due to inclement weather). Since the galaxy is inclined at 55 to the galactic plane, the unit circle was applied to the center (00h 42m 44.31s RA, 41 16 9.4 Dec.) Excel was then used to analyze the data. Slide 6 The points on average showed a shift of 230 KHz from 1420 MHz (Hydrogen) Slide 7 Convert KHz to MHz Frequency to Velocity: Divide by Hydrogen Frequency Multiply this by the speed of light Obtain the V Local Standard of Rest and add Also add Speed of Andromeda towards Milky Way Value/1000 (Value/1000)/1420.406 MHz X 299792.458 km/s ((Value/1000)/1420.406 MHz) x 299792.458 km/s) + VLST ((Value/1000)/1420.406 MHz) x 299792.458 km/s) + VLST + 100 km/s This data can then be plotted in a Rotation Curve Slide 8 The rotation curve was very similar to published galactic rotation curves. Slide 9 Convert km/sec to meters/sec, squared Mass of (visible 110000 light years of) the Andromeda Galaxy: Convert the radius from the center to seconds to radians Multiply this by the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy This is then divided by the gravitational constant Divided by 2E30, kg in a solar mass (75.14505 km/sec x 1000)^2 x (60 X 100 arcmin)/206265 arcsec/radian x 2.4E22 meters ((75.14505 km/sec x 1000)^2 x (60 X 100)/206265 x 2.4E22 m)/6.672E-10 (((75.14505 km/sec x 1000)^2 x (60 X 100)/206265 x 2.4E22 m)/6.672E-10)/2E30 = 1.61E9 solar masses The measurements are for 100 of 200 total arc seconds 1.61E9 solar masses x 2 = 320,000,000,000 solar masses (Accepted values at 300 400 billion solar masses) Slide 10 Convert km/sec to meters/sec, squared Mass of the Black hole at the center of the Andromeda Galaxy: Convert the radius from the center with largest frequency to seconds to radians Multiply this by the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy This is then divided by the gravitational constant Divided by 2E30, kg in a solar mass (175.14505 km/sec x 1000)^2 x (55 X 100 arcmin)/206265 arcsec/radian x 2.4E22 meters ((75.14505 km/sec x 1000)^2 x (60 X 100)/206265 x 2.4E22 m)/6.672E-10 (((175.14505 km/sec x 1000)^2 x (60 X 100)/206265 x 2.4E22 m)/6.672E-10)/2E30 = 8.9,000,000,000 solar masses Galactic Center Accretion Disk Slide 11