BEST PRODUCTS · BEST PERFORMANCE · BEST PROTECTIONBEST PRODUCTS · BEST PERFORMANCE · BEST PROTECTION

BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET BASICS

BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET BASICS

HORIZONTAL LAMINAR FLOWCLEAN ROOM

HORIZONTAL LAMINAR FLOWCLEAN ROOM

VERTICAL LAMINAR FLOWCLEAN ROOM

VERTICAL LAMINAR FLOWCLEAN ROOM

HORIZONTAL LAMINAR FLOWCLEAN WORK STATION

HORIZONTAL LAMINAR FLOWCLEAN WORK STATION

VERTICAL LAMINAR FLOWWORK STATION

VERTICAL LAMINAR FLOWWORK STATION

BALANCED LAMINAR AIR FLOW HOODBALANCED LAMINAR AIR FLOW HOOD

NIH-03-112C CABINET(NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH)

NIH-03-112C CABINET(NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH)

Class II - Type A

10 inch - Inflow Supply 80 + 5 fpm

8 inch opening – Inflow Supply 90 + 5 fpm

Downflow 80 + 5 fpm with a range of 64 to 96 fpm for all readings

Class II - Type B1

8 inch opening – Inflow Supply 100 + 10 fpm

Downflow 50 + 5 fpm with a range of 45 to 60 fpm for all readings

NCI-1(NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE)

NCI-1(NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE)

June 1976

Committee composed of: NIH NCI CDC Manufactures Users

May 1993 changed from a construction specifications in favor of performance criteria

NSF-49(NATIONAL SANITATION FOUNDATION)

NSF-49(NATIONAL SANITATION FOUNDATION)

Unit Components

Unit Air flows

Unit Types Bench Top Console Vertical

HORIZONTAL LAMINAR FLOWCLEAN WORK BENCH

(PRODUCT PROTECTION ONLY)

HORIZONTAL LAMINAR FLOWCLEAN WORK BENCH

(PRODUCT PROTECTION ONLY)

NU-201 AIR FLOWNU-201 AIR FLOW

NU-301 AIR FLOWNU-301 AIR FLOW

100% Exhaust Inflow velocity 75 fpm minimum

BSL 1 –3 Usage Personnel protection only CDC/NIH recommends a glove-port

panel for use with small amounts of radionuclides when exhausted

Typical uses today: Toxic powder weighing, necropsy

Maybe thimble/air gap or hard connected to a exhaust system when proper precautions are taken

Room AirFiltered Exhaust Air

LabGard 813 Air Flow

CLASS IBIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET

CLASS IBIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET

CLASS I AIR FLOWCLASS I AIR FLOW

30% Exhaust, 70% Re-circulate

Negative pressure plenum (Changed 2007)

Inflow velocity 75 fpm minimum BSL 1 –3 Usage Personnel and Product protection Minute amounts of non-volatile toxic

chemicals and radionuclides if canopy/thimble exhausted

Typical uses today: Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, Parasitic

CLASS II – TYPE A1CLASS II – TYPE A1

Console Bench Top

70%

CLASS II – TYPE A1CLASS II – TYPE A1

30% Exhaust, 70% Re-circulate

Negative pressure plenum

Inflow velocity 100 fpm minimum BSL 1 –3 Usage Personnel and Product protection Minute amounts of volatile toxic

chemicals and radionuclides if canopy/thimble exhausted

Typical uses today: Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, Parasitic, Arbor-viruses

CLASS II – TYPE A2CLASS II – TYPE A2

Console Bench Top

70%

CLASS II – TYPE A2CLASS II – TYPE A2

70% Exhaust, 30% Re-circulate

Negative pressure plenum Inflow velocity 100 fpm minimum

BSL 1 –3 UsagePersonnel and Product protectionMinute amounts of volatile toxic chemicals

and radionuclidesMust be hard connected with typical exhaust

requirement being 300-500 CFM at 1.0” w.g.Must have interlocked internal blower with

audible and visual alarm for exhaust failureTypical uses today: Bacterial, Viral, Fungal,

Parasitic, Arbor-viruses

CLASS II – TYPE B1CLASS II – TYPE B1

CLASS II – TYPE B1CLASS II – TYPE B1

100% Exhaust

Negative pressure plenum Inflow velocity 100 fpm minimum

BSL 1 –3 Usage Personnel and Product protection Small amounts of volatile toxic chemicals

and radionuclides Must be hard connected with typical

exhaust requirement being 700-1,200 CFM at 2.0” w.g.

Must have interlocked internal blower with audible and visual alarm for exhaust failure

Typical uses today: Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, Parasitic, Arbor-viruses, Prion, Cytotoxics

CLASS II – TYPE B2CLASS II – TYPE B2

CLASS II – TYPE B2CLASS II – TYPE B2

10’ Above roof line

BlowerContactor

Damper(Automated or Manual)

Cabinet

StackMake-up

Air Supply

ONE-ON-ONE EXHAUST SYSTEMONE-ON-ONE EXHAUST SYSTEM

Stack

Blower

Duct

CAV

Damper (Manual)

Cabinet

Make-up Air Supply

Ceiling Ceiling

Contactor

GANGED EXHAUST SYSTEMGANGED EXHAUST SYSTEM

CLASS III – “GLOVE BOX”CLASS III – “GLOVE BOX”

100% Exhaust Glove Box Negative Pressure at 0.5” w.g. minimum

Double HEPA Filter ExhaustBSL 4Personnel and Product ProtectionSmall amounts of volatile toxic chemicals

and radionuclidesMust be hard connected with typical

exhaust requirement being 50-100 CFM at 0.5 w.g.

Must have negative pressure alarm for cabinet or exhaust failure

Typical uses today: Toxic Powders, BSL 4 Agents

Class I: Personnel Protection Only100% exhaust Inflow velocity 75 fpm minimum

Class II: Personnel and Product ProtectionType A1 - 30% exhaust, 70% re-circulateNegative Pressure Plenum (Changed 2008) Inflow velocity 75 fpm minimum

Type A2 - 30% exhaust, 70% re-circulateNegative Pressure Plenum Inflow velocity 100 fpm minimum

BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETCLASS / TYPES

BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETCLASS / TYPES

Class II: Personnel and Product ProtectionType B1 - 70% exhaust, 30% re-circulate Negative Pressure Plenum Inflow velocity 100 fpm minimum

Type B2 - 100% exhaust Negative Pressure Plenum Inflow velocity 100 fpm minimum

Class III: Personnel and Product Protection 100% exhaust Negative Pressure at 0.5” w.g. minimum

BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETCLASS / TYPES

BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETCLASS / TYPES

1. Minute Amount

2. Small Amount

3. In no instance should the chemical concentration approach the lower explosion limits of the compound.

4. Type A2 cabinets used for work with minute quantities of volatile toxic chemicals and tracer amounts of radionuclides required as an adjunct to microbiological studies must be exhausted through properly functioning exhaust canopies.

BSCCLASS

BSL LEVEL OFAGENT USED

NON-VOLITILE TOXIC CHEMICALS &

RADIONUCLIDES

VOLITILE TOXIC CHEMICALS &

RADIONUCLIDES

I

II – TYPE A1

II – TYPE A2

II – TYPE B1

II – TYPE B2

III

I - 3

I - 3

I - 3

I - 3

I - 3

4

YES

YES (1)

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES (1, 3)

NO

YES (4)

YES (1, 3)

YES (2)

YES (2)

RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT

AIRFLOW BALANCE

OPTIMIZATION

AIRFLOW BALANCE

OPTIMIZATION

Optimized through airflow distribution verified through Biological Standard Range Tolerance Testing (NSF/ANSI 49) Biological Wide Range Tolerance Testing

BIOLOGICAL TESTING FOROPTIMAL AIRFLOW BALANCE

BIOLOGICAL TESTING FOROPTIMAL AIRFLOW BALANCE

PERSONAL PROTECTIONPERSONAL PROTECTION

PRODUCT PROTECTIONPRODUCT PROTECTION

CROSS CONTAMINATIONCROSS CONTAMINATION

BIOLOGICAL WIDE RANGEPERFORMANCE TESTING

BIOLOGICAL WIDE RANGEPERFORMANCE TESTING

Canopy / Thimble is strongly recommended Low Exhaust Alarm Use of flex duct for adjustability

Exhaust volume equals BSC exhaust volume plus air gapvolume at 0.3” w.g.

Provide adequate make up air

EXHAUST CONNECTIONS FORCLASS II, TYPE A2 BSC’S

EXHAUST CONNECTIONS FORCLASS II, TYPE A2 BSC’S

Direct hard connection is required

Provide gas-tight exhaust damper for decontamination process

Evaluate connection restrictions based on BSC requirements (i.e. exhaust sensor type used)

Provide adequate make-up air for laboratory pressure requirements

Use Concurrent Balance Value from manufacturer to design and balance BSC

EXHAUST CONNECTIONS FORCLASS II, TYPE B1/B2 BSC’SEXHAUST CONNECTIONS FORCLASS II, TYPE B1/B2 BSC’S

CBV DEFINITIONCBV DEFINITION

Concurrent Balance Value (CBV) is determined by a duct traverse measurement method as specified in ASHRAE Standard 111 – 2008, a minimum of 7.5 duct diameters downstream of a direct connected BSC at its nominal setpoint calibrated using the primary DIM method. The static pressure is measured approximately 2 duct diameters above the BSC. Appropriate filter load and tolerance values are added to accommodate filter loading. The resulting values may be used for design and balance exhaust/supply HVAC Requirements.

Since the use of the DIM in the early 90’s, differences in measurement results have been noted between duct traverse and BSC face measurement methods

ASHRAE Study Results (1212 – RP) BSC face measurement is consistent and repeatable Lack of correlation between methods makes BSC face

measurement method suspect for mechanical system design and air balancers

NSF 49 Joint Committee Reviewed ASHRAE study results and voted to incorporate the

CBV into the listing

BREIF HISTORYBREIF HISTORY

BSC FACILITY ASSESSMENTBSC FACILITY ASSESSMENT

Ceiling Height / Door Width and Height -must accommodate the needs of the user within the constraints of the facility

Personnel movements / Door movements / pass-thru’s / and flow patterns in the facility must be analyzed

Design criteria; BSL 1, 2, 3 or 4

HVAC - Facility air handling system

FACILITY DESIGNFACILITY DESIGN

Location Isolate the BSC Reduce traffic flow Diffuse room air Move away from airflow ducts Move away from windows and doors

HVAC BSC’s if exhausted require a constant volume (+/- 5%) Laboratory balance positive or negative Laboratory ventilation rates Class II, Type B cabinets should never be the dedicated exhaust

for the Lab. Spatial and temporal uniform distribution of room air Review system dynamics, personnel movement, door movement,

pass-thrus, etc.

National, Local Code Conformity

FACILITY DESIGNFACILITY DESIGN

Process Plan Analysis Applicable Automation

Applicable facility SOP’s

cGMP Requirement

PROCESS ASSESSMENTPROCESS ASSESSMENT

EXAMPLE OF DATAPROVIDED BY MANUFACTURER

EXAMPLE OF DATAPROVIDED BY MANUFACTURER

NU-430 / 435-400 NU-430 / 435-600

Concurrent Balance Value

(CFM / CMH): 829 / 1409 1221 / 2075

Certification Exhaust Value

(CFM / CMH): 754 / 1281 1100 / 1869

Plant Duct Static Pressure

(ENG / Metric): 1.7”w.g. / 43 mm w.g. 2.0” w.g. / 51 mm w.g.

Note: The Exhaust System must be designed to provide the static pressure and required concurrent balance value at the location indicated [A] above.

ASHRAE STD. 111:2008ASHRAE STD. 111:2008

NU-430 / 435-400 NU-430 / 435-600

Concurrent Balance Value (CBV) 829 1221

Certification Exhaust Value (CEV) 754 1100

Ak Factor 1.10 1.11

Ak factor = Measured Airflow Rate divided by the velocityReading of a particular instrument used in its prescribed manner

Existing DuctworkSilicone or Neoprene Sleeve(NuAire Part #NU-940-001 or Equivalent)Band ClampBand Clamp

Butterfly Valve Assembly

Apply Silicone on Inside Edge ofButterfly Valve Assembly

HEPA Filter

Hood

Directionof Air flow

1in (25mm)Minimum

1in (25mm)Minimum

TYPE B1/B2DUCT CONNECTION

TYPE B1/B2DUCT CONNECTION

Contacts outputs Fan Relay Alarm Relay

Contact input from BAS Night Setback Remote Override

CABINET / BAS CONNECTIONS FORCLASS II, TYPE B1/B2 BSC’S

CABINET / BAS CONNECTIONS FORCLASS II, TYPE B1/B2 BSC’S

BSC TESTING

AND CERTIFICATION TO

NSF/ANSI 49 ANNEX F

BSC TESTING

AND CERTIFICATION TO

NSF/ANSI 49 ANNEX F

PRIMARY TESTSPRIMARY TESTS

HEPA Filter Leak Test

PRIMARY TESTSPRIMARY TESTS

Downflow Velocity Profile Test

PRIMARY TESTSPRIMARY TESTS

Inflow Volume / Calculated Velocity Test

Airflow Smoke Pattern Test

PRIMARY TESTSPRIMARY TESTS

Site Installation Assessment Test Alarm Functions Blower interlock, Type B1/B2 Exhaust System Performance

Canopy connection. Type A2 Room Influences

PRIMARY TESTSPRIMARY TESTS

Lighting Vibration Noise

SECONDARY TESTSSECONDARY TESTS

www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/ols-bsl

www.cdc.gov/od/ohs

www.absa.org

www.absa-canada.org

www.ebsa.be

www.inspection.gc.ca

www.who.int

www.biosafety.be

www.hse.gov.uk

www.nsf.org

www.nuaire.com

INFORMATIONAL WEBSITESINFORMATIONAL WEBSITES

BSC ENERGY IMPROVEMENTSBSC ENERGY IMPROVEMENTS

BSC Energy Consumption

Conventional BSC Energy Consumption

Considerations for Improvement of BSC Energy Consumption

Additional Cost of Ownership Considerations

Night Setback BSC’s

NuAire’s Energy Saver (ES Series)

BSC Energy ConsumptionClass II, Type A2

BSC Energy ConsumptionClass II, Type A2

Fan Air / Rejected Heat

Outlet / Process Use

Power In

Conditioned Air Out plus Rejected Heat

Fan Control / Rejected Heat

Light / Rejected Heat

Conditioned Air In

CONVENTIONAL BSCENERGY CONSUMPTIONCONVENTIONAL BSC

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Lighting Fan / Motor Fan Control

Pre 1995: T12 Lamp with magnetic ballast .7 to 1.0 Amp (80 to 120 watts)

1995 – 2008: T8 Lamp with electronic ballast .2 to .35 Amp (20 to 40 watts)

CONVENTIONAL BSCENERGY CONSUMPTION LIGHTING

CONVENTIONAL BSCENERGY CONSUMPTION LIGHTING

Forward Curved

Backward Curved

CONVENTIONAL BSCENERGY CONSUMPTION FAN

CONVENTIONAL BSCENERGY CONSUMPTION FAN

AC PSC (35% to 60% efficiency) 4 to 10 Amps (460 to 1150 watts) 9 inch diameter fan / 1100 to 1625 RPM

Fan Control TRIAC – .5 Amp (60 watts)

CONVENTIONAL BSCENERGY CONSUMPTION FAN

CONVENTIONAL BSCENERGY CONSUMPTION FAN

%

Eff

icie

ncy

.80

.70

.60

.50

.40

.30

.20

.10

0.0

600 800 1000 1200 1400RPM

AC PSC Motor - Conventional

FAN MOTOR EFFICIENCYFAN MOTOR EFFICIENCY

4 Foot Type A2 BSC used 8 hours per day5 day a week, 50 weeks per year (2000 hours per year)

AC PSC (conventional)

Watts 564

KW .564

KW-HR 1128

*Multiply times .09 per KWH

Annual Energy Cost to run 4ft. BSC $101.52

*U.S. DOE Average Cost, Plus the energy required to control the laboratory ventilation by adding 1693 BTU’s / HR of rejected heat

ENERGY COSTENERGY COST

4 Foot Type A2 BSC that runs 24/7*(8736 hours per year)

Plus the energy required to control the laboratory ventilation by adding 1693 BTU’s / HR of rejected heat

AC PSC (conventional)

Watts 564

KW .564

KW-HR 4927

Multiply times .09 per KWH

Annual Energy Cost to run 4ft. BSC $443.43

ENERGY COSTENERGY COST

CONSIDERATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTOF BSC ENERGY CONSUMPTION

CONSIDERATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTOF BSC ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Lighting Fan / Motor Fan Control

T8 Lamp (3500 Lumens) with electronic ballast .2 to .35 Amp (20 to 40 watts)

T5 Lamp (3300 Lumens) with electronic ballast .2 to .33 Amp (20 to 35 watts)

LED (3000 Lumens) no ballast .05 to .2 Amp (5 to 20 watts)

LIGHTING SYSTEMS AVAILABLEFOR BSC IMPROVEMENT

LIGHTING SYSTEMS AVAILABLEFOR BSC IMPROVEMENT

LED LIGHTINGLED LIGHTING

AC – 3 Phase

DC

DC – ECM

FAN / MOTOR AVAILABLEFOR BSC IMPROVEMENTFAN / MOTOR AVAILABLEFOR BSC IMPROVEMENT

Forward Curved Fan (10-inch Diameter Wheel)

Extended RPM Range (800 to 1400 RPM)

Frequency Drive Controller (constant volume)

Minimal Motor noise (frequency)

AC – 3 PHASEAC – 3 PHASE

Backward Inclined / Small Forward Curved Fan

High RPM Range (1400 – 2200 RPM)

Regulated Power Supply (48 VDC) with Potentiometer Control

No Motor noise

DCDC

Forward Curved Fan (10-inch Diameter Wheel)

Extended RPM Range (800 to 1400 RPM)

Built in power supply with PWM Control (constant volume)

No Motor noise

DC – ECMDC – ECM

%

Eff

icie

ncy

.80

.70

.60

.50

.40

.30

.20

.10

0.0600 800 1000 1200 1400

RPM

DC MotorDC ECM Motor

AC PSC Motor - Conventional

AC 3-Phase

FAN MOTOR EFFICIENCYFAN MOTOR EFFICIENCY

4 Foot Type A2 BSC used 8 hours per day5 day a week, 50 weeks per year (2000 hours per year)

AC PSC

(conv)DC ECM DC AC/3-Ph

Watts 564 299 163 414

KW .564 .299 .163 .414

KW-HR 1128 598 326 828

Multiply times .09 per KWH

Annual Energy Cost to run 4ft. BSC $101.52 $53.82 $29.34 $74.52

Plus the energy required to control the laboratory ventilation by adding the rejected heat

ENERGY COSTENERGY COST

4 Foot Type A2 BSC that runs 24/7*(8736 hours per year)

Plus the energy required to control the laboratory ventilation by adding the rejected heat

AC PSC

(conv)DC ECM DC AC/3-Ph

Watts 564 299 163 414

KW .564 .299 .163 .414

KW-HR 4927 2516 1424 3617

Multiply times .09 per KWH

Annual Energy Cost to run 4ft. BSC $443.43 $226.44 $128.16 $325.53

ENERGY COSTENERGY COST

Lighting availability and cost

Filter capacity

Noise and vibration

Reliability

Replacement availability and cost

ADDITIONAL COST OF OWNERSHIP CONSIDERATIONS

ADDITIONAL COST OF OWNERSHIP CONSIDERATIONS

T8 T5 *LED

Availability Widely Available Limited Availability Limited Availability

Cost/Bulb $4 $16 $75

Life (hours) 20,000 20,000 100,000

*No Ballast

LIGHTING AVAILABILITY & COSTLIGHTING AVAILABILITY & COST

Filter Size (amount of media)

Motor/Fan Function

Typically expressed in percent increase of total load capacity. On average, percent increase of total load capacity equals the following filter life in years.

50% - 3 Years (NSF Requirement)

100% - 5 Years

200% - 8 Years

FILTER CAPACITYFILTER CAPACITY

AC PSC Motor allowed for a 180% increase of total load capacity

1400

1200

1000

800

600.4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

NSF Load Requirement

NominalSetpoint

50% NSF Load Requirement

Below AcceptableAirflow Limit

TYPICAL AC PSC MOTORFILTER LOAD CAPACITY

(WITH USE OF SPEED CONTROL)

TYPICAL AC PSC MOTORFILTER LOAD CAPACITY

(WITH USE OF SPEED CONTROL)

AC 3-Phase Motor allowed for a 250% increase of total load capacity

1400

1200

1000

800

600

NSF Load RequirementBelow AcceptableAirflow Limit

NominalSetpoint 50% NSF Load Requirement

.4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

TYPICAL AC 3 – PHASE MOTORFILTER LOAD CAPACITY(CONSTANT AIR VOLUME)

TYPICAL AC 3 – PHASE MOTORFILTER LOAD CAPACITY(CONSTANT AIR VOLUME)

1400

1200

1000

800

600

NSF Load RequirementBelow AcceptableAirflow Limit

NominalSetpoint 50% NSF Load Requirement

.4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

DC Motor allowed for a 85% increase of total load capacity

TYPICAL DC MOTORFILTER LOAD CAPACITY

(CONTROL SYSTEMS)

TYPICAL DC MOTORFILTER LOAD CAPACITY

(CONTROL SYSTEMS)

DC ECM Motor allowed for a 250% increase of total load capacity

1400

1200

1000

800

600

NSF Load RequirementBelow AcceptableAirflow Limit

NominalSetpoint 50% NSF Load Requirement

.4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

TYPICAL DC ECM MOTORFILTER LOAD CAPACITY(CONSTANT AIR VOLUME)

TYPICAL DC ECM MOTORFILTER LOAD CAPACITY(CONSTANT AIR VOLUME)

Filter Size (amount of media)

Motor / Fan Function

Percent increase in total load capacity

50% - (NSF requirement) (3 Years)

85% - DC (4 Years)

180% - AC PSC (7 Years)

250% - DC ECM/AC 3Phase (10 Years)

FILTER CAPACITY SUMMARYFILTER CAPACITY SUMMARY

NOISE AC PSC DC ECM DC AC 3-Phase

Airflow (Design) N/C N/C N/C N/C

Fan (RPM) 1100-1700 800-1400 1400-2200 800-1400

Motor (Harmonics) Yes No No No

VIBRATION AC PSC DC ECM DC AC 3-Phase

Airflow (Design) N/C N/C N/C N/C

Fan (RPM) Higher Lower Higher Lower

NOISE & VIBRATIONNOISE & VIBRATION

Proper Design

Bearing Life (temperature)

Electronics / Power Supply

AC PSC AC 3-Phase DC ECM DC

Years >10 >10 >10 <10

RELIABILITYRELIABILITY

Availability

AC PSC

(distributor/ manufacturer)

DC ECM

(distributor/ manufacturer)

DC

(distributor/ manufacturer)

AC/3-Ph

(distributor/ manufacturer)

Motor $175.00 $350.00 N/A $250.00

Fan $100.00 $100.00 N/A $100.00

Supply Combo $275.00 $450.00 $633.00 $350.00

Exhaust Combo N/A N/A $400.00 N/A

Power Supply N/A N/A $239.00 N/A

Fan Control $175.00 $200 / NA N/A $375.00

MOTOR REPLACEMENT COSTSMOTOR REPLACEMENT COSTS

Application Driven

Type A2 BSC’s – reduce fan / motor speed & close window

Type B1/B2 BSC’s – reduce exhaust volume and/or fan / motor and close window BSC / HVAC interface

NIGHT SETBACKNIGHT SETBACK