best practices in rural sanitation & hygiene
DESCRIPTION
Synthesis from Rural San&Hyg Practitioners Seminar, Moshi, Tanzania, Nov.07TRANSCRIPT
Best Practices in Rural Sanitation & Hygiene
Synthesis from Rural San&Hyg Practitioners Seminar
Moshi, Nov.07
Jo Smet, IRC Int. Water & Sanitation Centre (www.irc.nl)
AfricaSan+5 Conference
Durban, Feb. 08
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San&Hyg Practitioners
• 40 practitioners: East and Southern Africa: Eth, Ug, Ken, Tz, Malawi, Zimb, Madagascar, world
• 16 ‘Best Practices’ presented• A catalytic and analytic environment
to identify the factors that make San&Hyg interventions a success
• Shared and learned from claimed ‘Best Practices’ in Rural Household and Primary School San&Hyg
• Identified key issues for follow-up at policy and practitioners’ level
• Full Moshi seminar report on request ([email protected])
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Areas of analysis
Institutional/policy
Cultural /social
Technical
Financial /economics
Environmental
Sanitation Institutions
sub-district/district/provincenational; international
Community
Household
person
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WHAT? WHICHMESSSAGES & CHANNELS
SAN&HYG PROCESSFRAMEWORK
WHO APPROACHESCommunity, HH,
individuals
APPROACH
RESPONSE:DESIRE/WILL and CHANGE
HYG&SAN FACILITY & BEHAVIOUR
Individuals, HHs, schools
Demand or created demand at
individuals, HHs, schools
Motives and DrivesIndividuals, HHs, schools
Community institutions and organisations T
RIG
GE
R
IGNITION
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PROMISING APPROACHES
• Community-based and -owned process – with support of government, NGOs, private
sector– Region/District has output-based performance
contracts in support/achievement with lower level government staff
– Recognised local champion– community-based monitoring and follow-up– Technological innovation addressing technical
problems
• PHAST: Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation
• CLTS: Community-led Total Sanitation
• EcoSan including innovations as ArborLoo
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WHO APPROACHES?
WHO APPROACHESCommunity, HHs,
individuals
From outside community:Political, religious leaders, technical
health staff, NGOs, police
TRIGGER
DESIRE/WILL to improvefacility &
behaviour
From inside HH:Wife, husband, children
From inside community:Leaders, teachers, voluntary
health workers, Health Clubs, CBOs, entrepreneurs, neighbours, relatives
CONVINCING
ENFORCEMENT
CHAMPION’sPERSUASION
SOCIAL PRESSURE
LIVELIHOODS:EXTRA INCOMEAGRICULTURE
LEADERSHIP
DEVELOPMENTSTATUSPRIVACY
PARTICIPATION
DEVELOPMENT
HEALTHYLIFE
INNOVATIVETECHNOLOGIES
HEALTHYLIFE
VALUES &NORMS
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WHAT? MESSAGES AND CHANNELS
• Consistent and non-conflicting messages from all stakeholders• Competitions in Sanitation within & between communities with
(sustainable/replicable) awards• Technical innovation and training Village Health Workers and builders• Capacity building on promotion, awareness raising• Mass Public rallies: ignition step• House-to-house visits• Bye-law enforcement (for small group of difficult people)
one-off mass campaigns huge awards model villages demonstration latrines
dependency on volunteering work external subsidies free slabs
Doubtful = unsustainable or less replicable Drivers
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THIS TRIGGERS THE COMMUNITY, HOUSEHOLD
OR INDIVIDUAL!
IGNITION MOTIVES AND DRIVES
Positive motives and drives:Privacy and ComfortStatusPrideDignityRespect for neighbours/communityGet rid of flies and dirty smellsNo collapsing pits and floorsNo flooding or overflowing pitsLong lasting latrineHuman waste as resource ‘Humanure’Competition and awards
YES! BECAUSE
Negative motives and drives:Shame of dirtDisgust(Bye-) Law enforcementFear for imprisonment/fine
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COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANISATIONS
• Community-based organisations, e.g Comm. Health Clubs, Neighbourhood Groups, Youth Groups
• Political leadership on San&Hyg• Local champion from …• Political, religious, traditional and social leaders buy in• Health Extension Workers and Community Health
Volunteers/Promoters• Linkage community with School San&Hyg • School Health Clubs linked to PTA, SMC
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KEY ISSUES FOR FOLLOW-UP-1
Institutional issues:• separate San&Hyg national policy, not just a paragraph in
the health or water policy
• separate San&Hyg budget line
• clear home for San&Hyg = Min of Health
• San&Hyg to be lifted up to departmental level
• National and local multi-stakeholder forums on San&Hyg for learning, harmonisation and coordination
• Integration, coordination of San&Hyg with HIV/AIDS sector
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KEY ISSUES FOR FOLLOW-UP-2
Technology issues• Demands women, girls, elderly and
disabled • Innovation for latrines in areas with
high groundwater tables, flood-prone, loose soils
• Introduction of affordable EcoSan as ArborLoo
• Supply chain rural San&Hyg (builders, slab producers)
• Technology information versioned for local use
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KEY ISSUES FOR FOLLOW-UP-3
Learning and Capacity Building• Capacity building through learning
alliances (national, district and sub-district)
• Capacity builders to learn from reality for feasible, sustainable approaches
• Children help developing tools and promotional materials
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KEY ISSUES FOR FOLLOW-UP-4
School San&Hyg• Separate budget line for School WASH• Review school building regulations Innovate
designs of latrines, hand-washing devices• Manage cleaning of facilities (latrines and
hand-washing) • Stimulate School Health Clubs• Monitoring condition and practice• Competitions within and between schools