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Bentley Civil Workshop

2015 Spring IBUG Conference

Diamond Room

From Civil Model to Cross Section Sheets

Team Leader: Bob Rolle

Bentley Systems, Incorporated 685 Stockton Drive Exton, PA 19341 www.bentley.com

http://www.bentley.com/

Workshop: Diamond Room - From Civil Model to Cross Section Sheets

Copyright © 2015 Bentley Systems, Inc.

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Table of Contents

Command Index .......................................................................................................... 1

Preface ............................................................................................................... 3

Session Description .......................................................................................................................... 4

Learning Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 1: Introduction to Creating Cross Sections ............................................ 5

Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 5

Project Description .......................................................................................................................... 5

Project Steps .................................................................................................................................... 6

Getting Started ................................................................................................................................ 6 Exercise: Creating a new cross section dgn file .......................................................... 6

Chapter Summary ............................................................................................................................ 7

Chapter 2: Referencing the Design ....................................................................... 9

Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 9

Referencing the Design .................................................................................................................. 10 Exercise: Attaching the design as a reference file .................................................... 10

Displaying the Proper Levels.......................................................................................................... 11 Exercise: Verify Level Displays in the 3D referenced model. ................................... 11

Chapter Summary .......................................................................................................................... 12

Chapter 3: Creating Cross Sections .................................................................... 13

Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 13

Creating the Proposed Cross Sections ........................................................................................... 14 Exercise: Create cross sections from the 3D design model ...................................... 14

Viewing the Cross Sections ............................................................................................................ 15 Exercise: View the cross sections in the newly created DGN Drawing Model. ........ 15

Chapter Summary .......................................................................................................................... 16

Chapter 4: Cross Section Annotation ................................................................. 17

Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 17

Annotating the Proposed Cross Sections ...................................................................................... 17 Exercise: Annotate cross sections in the current DGN Cross Section Drawing Model .................................................................................................................................. 17

Chapter Summary .......................................................................................................................... 19

Table of Contents

ii Workshop: Diamond Room - From Civil Model to Cross Section

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Chapter 5: End-Area Volumes .............................................................................. 21

Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 21

Computing the Proposed Cross Sections End-Area Volumes ........................................................ 21 Exercise: Compute cross section end-area volumes in the current DGN cross section Drawing Model ..................................................................................................................... 21

Chapter Summary .......................................................................................................................... 24

Learning Paths .......................................................................................................... 26

Assessment .............................................................................................................. 28

Glossary .............................................................................................................. 30


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Command Index Annotate Cross Sections ..............................................................................................................................17

Create Cross Sections ..................................................................................................................................14

Cross Section Viewer ...................................................................................................................................15

End Area Volume .........................................................................................................................................21

Command Index

2 Workshop: Diamond Room - From Civil Model to Cross Section

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Preface

In this workshop, you will learn to create and annotate proposed cross sections as well as compute end-area volumes utilizing the V8i (SELECTseries 3) Cross Section tools. This workshop is equally applicable for the MX, InRoads or GEOPAK families of products. Each product contains the identical toolset and workflow. The only differences between the three products for the tools are slight differences in the use of feature definitions and some differences in the back-end interaction with other native toolsets. In this workshop, we will use Power InRoads or Power GEOPAK (your choice) V8i 08.11.09.493.

It is the intent of this workshop to focus on plans production and not necessarily the details involved with setup and the detailed study of end-area computations. Those particular topics will be covered in other presentations / workshops. Time permitting, the instructor will spend some time however introducing some of these details where applicable.

The workshop guide is yours to take with you. If you don’t finish all the exercises, or just want to work with the dataset upon return to your office, the datasets (both initial and completed files) are provided on the Conference DVD. Many workshops will also have videos of all exercises on the DVD.

Note Prerequisite Knowledge Level: Participant should have a basic understanding of road design principles and be fluent in the use of one of the Bentley Power products or CAD and the native application (MX, InRoads or GEOPAK).

Preface


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SESSION DESCRIPTION

This hands-on workshop teaches how cross section sheets are created and annotated, earthwork volumes are computed, and mass haul diagrams are formulated. It is targeted for all intermediate Bentley-Civil users.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After this course you will be able to:

Create cross sections along a previously designed corridor. Annotate proposed cross sections. Compute end-areas and volumes between sections. Generate end-area and volume reports. Plot a mass-haul diagram.

Note At the end of this training session, an assessment will be given. We will review all assessment questions and answers to see what you have learned.


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Chapter 1: Introduction to Creating Cross Sections

OVERVIEW

In this workshop we will be creating and annotating proposed cross sections as well as computing end-area volumes along a pre-designed corridor. The intent of this workshop is to help the designer better understand the power of the cross section tools available in Bentley Civil V8i (SELECTseries 3) tools.

In prior versions of our products, cross sections depicted an accurate representation of our modeled design as we all are generally accustom to. In the past, our cross sections tended to “drive” the design. With the advent of V8i (SELECTseries 3), the cross sections now represent a “byproduct” of our proposed design model where the design 3D model now “drives” the design of our project.

To the InRoads savvy users, these tools will look rather familiar with a few slight differences from prior versions of our flagship product. However, for the GEOPAK and MX users, expect to experience a brand new set of tools.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

In this workshop we will be completing three specific steps that can be applied to most design projects. To begin, the student will learn to create cross sections using one of several preferences available in the Bentley-Civil workspace. Secondly, upon completion of the created cross sections, the student will learn how to annotate cross sections. Lastly, computing end area volumes will be explored.

Project Steps


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PROJECT STEPS 1. Create a new cross section dgn file.

2. Reference in the proposed design to the cross section dgn file.

3. Setting the appropriate levels on or off for cross section display preferences.

4. Create the proposed cross sections from the 3D design model.

5. Navigate the proposed cross sections.

6. Annotate the proposed cross sections.

7. Compute end-area volumes of the proposed cross sections.

GETTING STARTED

As we begin today’s workshop, let’s do some quick checks to be sure your workstation / laptop is ready to go. We have preloaded the workshop files and settings in order to save set-up time.

Exercise: Creating a new cross section dgn file

Exercise Objective: Select the proper workspace and create a cross section dgn file using the Examples > Bentley- Civil-Imperial workspace.

Procedure:

1. Use the provided login and password to access your laptop if not previously logged in.

2. Your instructor will provide you the path to the workshop dataset. Select either the Power InRoads or Power GEOPAK icon on your desktop.

3. In the File Manager dialog, set the User to Examples, set the Project to Bentley-Civil-Imperial and set the Interface to Bentley-Civil.

Note The Bentley-Civil workspace located under the User: Examples, is a great way to get started and is delivered with MX, InRoads, and GEOPAK.

Chapter 1:Introduction to Creating Cross Sections

Workshop: Diamond Room - From Civil Model to Cross Section Sheets 7


4. Once the proper workspace is selected in the File Manager dialog, select the icon to create a New File.

File Manager Depicting Proper Settings

5. In the Create New Dgn dialog, select the Browse button in the lower right corner and select the seed file entitled Seed-Cross-Section-Imperial.dgn.

6. Enter a filename for the new drawing as Proposed Cross Sections.dgn and select Open to create the new dgn file.

Hint Because cross section annotation honors the Drawing Scale, it is advantageous to setup and utilize a seed file for cross sections with a different drawing model scale then what is typically set for a plan design environment.

7. Do not open the cross section drawing at this time rather leave the File Open dialog in its current state and proceed to the next chapter when instructed to do so.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

In this chapter, we have been introduced to the task for this workshop as well as assuring the correct workspace and configuration settings are present. Finally, we were able to create a new cross section design file from a seed file provided in the delivered example Bentley-Civil Workspace.

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Chapter 2: Referencing the Design

OVERVIEW

By this time, we should all know how to reference one DGN file to another. So you may be wondering why we would dedicate an entire chapter to attaching a reference file. There are a couple of important aspects introduced in V8i (SELECTseries 3) that must be adhered to.

When we reference our design, we have two options. We can reference our 2D design model or our 3D model itself. In this chapter we will learn the recommended “Best Practice” for creating our cross sections regarding drawing setup.

The cross section creation application requires the selection of an alignment in which the user desires to cut cross sections along. In any given design, the user has the option to create all of their planimetrics and alignments in a 2D model or a 3D model. If the user decides to work in 2D, then a 3D model will be automatically created in the background for the user and maintained by the product as design changes are made. In this scenario, the user should reference in the 2D model because that is where the alignment is stored. If the user decides to design only in a 3D model, then this would be the model we would reference into the proposed cross section drawing.

If a 2D model is used for design as suggested as a “Best Practice”, then when referencing in the design, the user should utilize “Nested Attachments – Live Nesting”. When cross sections are created, the application “slices” the 3D model to determine the components to display on the cross section. We now know it is required to reference in the proposed alignment. If that alignment is in the 2D model, then simply referencing that model is not sufficient. Nested Attachments work on the premises of a “Parent-Child” relationship. In our 2D design model, we have referenced in automatically the 3D model once vertical geometry is created. For the create cross section application to have access to this 3D model, it must be referenced to the cross section drawing as well. The most efficient way to accomplish this and make sure no references are missed, the user can enable Live Nesting in the Nested Attachment settings when attaching the 2D design model. Live Nesting will automatically give access to all references to the users 2D design model including items such as the existing terrain.

Finally, once the design model is attached with Live Nesting enabled, the user should at this time set each level display to the desired preference. The create cross section application works on a WYSIWYG premises. Suppose in your design, a guardrail was placed in your 3D model. However, it was not desired to see this guardrail on your proposed cross sections. By simply turning this level off and saving your settings, when cross sections are created, this level will not be displayed. The level settings need to be made at the 3D model level. Once each level setting is verified, make sure to Save Settings in the DGN file for those preferences to be remembered.

Referencing the Design


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REFERENCING THE DESIGN

Exercise: Attaching the design as a reference file

Exercise Objective: Using Nested Attachments – Live Nesting, attach the appropriate design model to the blank cross section file.

Procedure:

1. Open the file Proposed Cross Sections.dgn created in the previous chapter.

2. In the MicroStation pull down menu choose File > References.

3. In the References dialog menu choose Tools > Attach.

4. Select the file in your current working directory entitled Complete Design_2D.dgn.

5. Select Open to activate the Reference Attachment Settings dialog.

6. Populate the Reference Attachment Settings as shown.

Recommended Reference Attachment Settings

Chapter 2: Referencing the Design



Hint Live nesting will automatically give access to the 3D model as well as the existing terrain dgn file.

7. Select OK to attach the reference file.

8. Dismiss the References dialog.

9. MicroStation Fit View to pan to the project location.

10. Window in towards the bottom of the project to see the area we will be identifying our alignment.

Hint Pressing the F8 Function Key will toggle black background to white and toggle on the level override symbology. This is setup as part of the Bentley-Civil workspace. Pressing F8 again will revert back to original settings. Give it a try.

11. In the MicroStation pull down menu choose File > Save Settings to save the zoomed area.

DISPLAYING THE PROPER LEVELS

Exercise: Verify Level Displays in the 3D referenced model.

Exercise Objective: You might not be completely familiar with nested reference files at this point. This exercise will help you become better acquainted. We will be using the nested hierarchy in the level display dialog to control levels in nested reference files.

Note For a component to be displayed in the proposed cross section Design Model, the level must be turned on in the 3D model before creating the sections.

Procedure:

1. Continue in the same design file Proposed Cross Sections.dgn.

2. In MicroStation, press CRTL-E on your keyboard to open the Level Display Dialog.

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3. In the Level Display dialog, enable Target Tree.

Level Display Dialog Showing Target Tree Option Using Live Nested Referencing

4. In the Level Display dialog, highlight the referenced 3D model after expanding the branching.

5. Scroll through the displayed levels and verify all are enabled.

Hint Turning off a level at this stage will also turn it off in the created cross section Design Model.

6. If any level settings are changed, in MicroStation, select File > Save Settings so the changes will be remembered when cross sections are created.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

In this chapter, we have learned how to attach a reference file using Live Nesting. Using Live Nesting can prove to be a time saver and eliminate possible missing reference issues.


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Chapter 3: Creating Cross Sections

OVERVIEW

In this chapter we will learn how to create proposed cross sections. This application acts as a “cookie cutter” based on a WYSIWYG functionality. The Create Cross Section application slices through the 3D design model at specified even intervals or customized cross section locations. It is important that a template drop location exists in the design corridor at each station location where proposed cross sections are intended to be generated. We do this to avoid interpolation between template drop locations. For example, if a design called for a template drop every 20 feet but the user wanted to create cross sections at a 10 foot interval, every other section would be interpolated and risks a chance of the proposed finished grade and existing ground not precisely connecting. In the Bentley-Civil workspace, several design stages exist that may be assigned to any Corridor, which will directly affect the template drop interval multiplier.

Corridor Design Stages directly affect the interval of template drops. When creating a Corridor, one of the prompts will ask the user for the Template Drop Interval. The user should always keyin the desired final interval. Then, based on the selected Corridor Design Stage selected, the template drop interval will be increased by the design stage template drop interval multiplier. For example, in the Bentley-Civil-Imperial workspace, the template drop interval multiplier for the Preliminary Design Stage is 10. So if a user puts in a final template drop interval of 10 and then selects the Preliminary Design stage, the corridor design will contain a template drop every 100 feet or 10 x 10 = 100. This concepts has been adopted to allow for very fast model processing in the Preliminary Design stage. Consequently, the multiplier for the Design Stage is set to 2, and the multiplier for the Final Design Stage is set to 1. These settings are stored in a DGNLib for Project Settings in the included Bentley-Civil workspace. Each customer will likely want to review and modify these settings based on their individual workflows for in-house design work.

When cross sections are created, the application automatically creates a DGN Drawing Model and writes the cross sections to that Model. The user is granted the opportunity to name the Drawing Model before it gets created. By default, the name will correspond to the name of the alignment the cross sections are being developed along. It is acceptable practice to cut multiple sets of cross sections in the same DGN file. Each time cross sections are created, they will be drawn to a new and differently named DGN Drawing Model.

Finally, the created proposed cross sections are not presently “dynamic”. Thus, if the design model changes, the user would be required to re-create the cross sections. Our product does contain a Dynamic Cross Section viewer, which does dynamically update as the model undergoes continued design updates. Before re-creating the proposed cross sections, the user may choose to delete the previously created DGN Drawing Model.

Creating the Proposed Cross Sections


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CREATING THE PROPOSED CROSS SECTIONS

Exercise: Create cross sections from the 3D design model

Exercise Objective: In this exercise we will learn how to create proposed cross sections using our 3D Design Model.

MicroStation Tool Used:

CORRIDOR MODELING PANEL ICON TOOL

Create Cross Sections

Procedure:


2. Select the Corridor Modeling command Create Cross Sections.

3. Follow the heads-up prompt.

HEADS-UP PROMPT USER ACTION

Locate Alignment Select the main corridor’s baseline

4.

5. Located at the bottom of the Create Cross Section dialog, select Preferences.

6. In the Preferences dialog select the preference entitled “Sheet – w/o Grid”.

7. In the Preferences dialog select Load, to utilize the selected preferences in the previous step.

Hint Preferences are predefined settings stored in the active XIN settings file for all three products (GEOPAK, InRoads, and MX). These preferences will be used for creating, annotating and computing end area volumes on proposed cross sections.

8. Close the Preferences selection dialog.

Chapter 3: Creating Cross Sections



9. In the Create Cross Section dialog, complete the General settings as shown.

Note Once the predefined Preferences are loaded, the end user should only need to modify items in the General tab. In the event the project requires custom cross section locations, the Custom tab allows for a multitude of settings to accommodate many different scenarios.

10. In the Create Cross Section dialog, select Apply to create the cross sections into a new DGN Drawing Model entitled Proposed XS.

11. Close the Create Cross Section dialog.

VIEWING THE CROSS SECTIONS

Exercise: View the cross sections in the newly created DGN Drawing Model.

Exercise Objective: In this exercise we will learn how to use the Cross Section Viewer.



Cross Section Viewer

Procedure:


2. In the Cross Section Viewer dialog, verify the Cross Section Model setting is set to your active Cross Section Drawing Model.

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3. Populate the Cross Section Viewer dialog as shown.

4. Select Run to automatically scan through the cross sections.

5. Now select any individual station and notice how the view updates to the selected cross section station value.

6. Close the Cross Section Viewer application.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

In this chapter, we have learned how to create proposed cross sections by cutting through our 3D DGN Design Model and writing those cross sections to an automatically created DGN Drawing Model. Additionally, we learned the use of the Cross Section Viewer.


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Chapter 4: Cross Section Annotation

OVERVIEW

In this chapter we will learn how to annotate our cross sections and what options we have available to us. The Annotate Cross Section application has the ability to label any particular cross section model present in the active DGN file including models that are not active. In addition, we have the ability to label any surface found within all models of our DGN file. The annotation application is highly versatile to meet many different types of labeling needs. For example, the cross section annotation application can label the individual objects along the cross section, along a bottom axis, or in a frame mode. It is possible to label points along a surface, crossing linear features, and component segments like the slopes of a proposed pavement for example. The supported combinations are endless regarding all that can be labeled along a cross section.

Preferences are used in this exercise and are stored in the delivered Bentley-Civil workspace in a XIN file. These preferences are accessed directly through the dialog and allow customers to configure the labeling for a multitude of client’s specifications. Several preferences are provided in the Bentley-Civil workspace.

One of the most powerful options of the Cross Section Annotation application is the ability to select which features to label. For example, in this dataset, we will choose to not label the Park and Ride facility adjacent to our project. With this flexibly, the possibilities are endless when our project intersects multiple corridors.

ANNOTATING THE PROPOSED CROSS SECTIONS

Exercise: Annotate cross sections in the current DGN Cross Section Drawing Model

Exercise Objective: In this exercise we will learn how to annotate proposed cross section offsets, elevations, and slopes.



Annotate Cross Sections

Procedure:


2. Select the Corridor Modeling command Annotate Cross Sections.

3. Located at the bottom of the Annotate Cross Section dialog, select Preferences.

4. In the Preferences dialog select the preference entitled “Object – Off/Elev/Slope”.

Annotating the Proposed Cross Sections


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7. In the Annotate Cross Section dialog, complete the General settings as shown.

8. Expand the Features folder and select Annotate on the left hand side of the dialog.

9. Select the Crossing Features as shown below.

10. Expand the Segments folder and select Annotate on the left hand side of the dialog.

Chapter 4: Cross Section Annotation



11. Select the Crossing Features as shown below.

12. In the Annotate Cross Section dialog, select Apply to annotate the cross sections in the selected DGN Drawing Model labeling offsets, elevations, and slopes.

Hint The cross section annotation labels are automatically made part of a MicroStation Graphic Group. Additionally, only the selected Features are labeled.

13. Close the Annotate Cross Section dialog.

14. In the MicroStation tool bar select Settings > Drawing Scale. Change the setting from 1”=10’ to 1”=20’. What happens to the text size? Return the setting back to the original setting of 1”=10’ when complete.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

In this chapter, we have learned how to annotate proposed cross sections using pre-defined preferences and selected Crossing Features. The designer also learned the power associated with the text sizes and drawing scales.

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Chapter 5: End-Area Volumes

OVERVIEW

In this chapter the user will explore the process of computing end-areas of proposed cross sections and computing volumes between. The End–Area Volumes application has numerous options available to handle most combinations of calculations required in the typical design process. The user will be given the option to decide which surface(s) to perform calculations along. This is most beneficial for staged construction volume calculations.

Special circumstances such as Unsuitable Materials, Volume Exceptions, Added Quantities, Forced Balance, As-Built, Mass-Haul Diagram, Reporting, etc. are supported in this application. Due to time constraints, this exercise will adhere to the goals of this workshop, i.e. plans production.

COMPUTING THE PROPOSED CROSS SECTIONS END-AREA VOLUMES

Exercise: Compute cross section end-area volumes in the current DGN cross section Drawing

Model

Exercise Objective: In this exercise we will learn how to compute the proposed cross section end-area volumes and plot a Mass Haul diagram.



End Area Volume

Procedure:


2. Select the Corridor Modeling command End Area Volume.

3. Located at the bottom of the End-Area Volume dialog, select Preferences.

4. In the Preferences dialog select the preference entitled “Earthwork”.


Computing the Proposed Cross Sections End-Area Volumes


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7. In the End-Area Volumes dialog, complete the General settings as shown below.

8. In the Unsuitable Materials by Station settings, add an entry for topsoil stripping as shown.

9. In the End-Area Volumes dialog, complete the Classifications settings as shown below.

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10. In the End-Area Volumes dialog, select Apply. This will complete the following five tasks when processing.

i. Compute end areas.

ii. Compute volumes between sections.

iii. Label cross sections with computed values.

iv. Generate several quantities reports.

v. Create the Mass Haul diagram.

Note When the volumes computations are complete, the Bentley Civil report browser will open when the toggle is activated. The report browser allows the designer to review the end areas as well as computed volumes for all surfaces.

11. In the Bentley Civil Report Browser, select Tools > Format Options and adjust values to your preferences. Notice how the report updates when changes are applied.

12. In the report Browser, toggle through the different earthwork reports available on the left to comprehend the many options available from these calculations.

13. Dismiss the Bentley Civil Report Browser.

14. Dismiss the End-Area Volumes dialog.

15. Finally pan over to the right side of the generated cross sections to locate the generated Mass Haul diagram.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

In this chapter, we have learned how to compute the end area volumes within our proposed cross sections using pre-defined preferences. The designer also learned how to generate a Mass-Haul Diagram.




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Learning Paths All of our training through Bentley is accessible via learning paths, ready-made training plans that provide the recommended progression of skills training for a product, solution, job role, or experience level.

In developing your team, you can choose from Bentley-recommended learning paths or configure your own to meet your team’s specific needs.

Learning paths help us:

Develop our internal talent pool

Make our employees more productive

Prioritize learning topics by what is important to us as a company

Reinforce our corporate culture of continuous learning

Learning Paths





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Assessment

1. True or False: To create cross sections along a corridor, the preference settings accessed via the create cross section dialog are stored in a settings file with a “XIN” extension?

True

2. True or False: When annotating cross sections with multiple corridors present, all components will automatically be labeled?

False – The user must select which features are to be annotated

3. Multiple Choice: When computing end-area quantities the following will be completed?

A – End area of each section is computed B – Volumes between each section are computed C – Mass Haul Diagram is plotted D – End Area Reports are generated E – All the above Answer: E – All the above

4. True or False: The cross section seed file should always be a 3D DGN file?

True

Assessment





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Glossary

2D Point Feature Contains no elevation (Z). 2D Point Features are defined and stored in plan model.

3D Geometry 3D geometry is created in 3D model by mathematically combining the horizontal and vertical geometry to create 3D elements. These 3D geometry elements in turn define a design model.

3D Model This is created and managed automatically. User can interact with it but this is not usually required. The mathematical combination of Plan Geometry and Profile Geometry is stored in the 3D model.

3D Point Feature 3D points can be defined in plan model or 3D model. They are stored in 3D model but represented in both plan and 3D.

Active Object The current object to which is added all geometry which is created.

Active Profile Of the multiple possible profiles for an element, the active profile is the one used for design. The active profile is combined with the horizontal geometry to build a 3D element which is used in the 3D model.

Active Terrain Model

One terrain model can be designated as “Active”. The active terrain model is the one used to display “existing ground”; in other words the one which displays automatically in a profile model when it is opened. The active terrain model is also the one which is targeted by side slopes unless the template defines a different target by name.

ALG A legacy (proprietary) InRoads file containing coordinate geometry information, superelevation, and alignment information for a specific geometry project.

Alignment A linear feature which serves the special purpose of defining the centerline or baseline of a roadway.

Apply Linear Template

Applies a corridor template along a feature while hiding some of the complexity of creating a corridor.

Apply Surface Template

Applies a corridor template to a terrain model for the purpose of creating components (such as pavement layers) under the terrain model.

Arc Definition Curve definition method generally used in roadway applications. The radius R is used to define the curve and is defined by the equation R=5729.58/D where the degree of curvature D is the central angle subtended by a 100-foot arc. Set in the Design File Settings > Civil Formatting under Radius Settings. See also Chord Definition.

Aspect An angular measure of the direction that the face of a surface is oriented. The format of the value is dependent on angular settings In the DGN file.

Base Geometry In many instances the geometry element will be trimmed. The original (or base), untrimmed element is always preserved as it is the storage for the rule.

Glossary



Boundary (Terrain Model)

Used to constrain the external boundary of the terrain model. No triangles are created outside the boundary. In addition, any point data outside the boundary is ignored.

Break Line A surface feature consisting of a collection of spatial coordinates that have an implied linear relationship. No triangle side (in the triangulated surface) can cross over a break line.

Break Void A closed area of missing or obscured data that uses the elevations of each vertex, while the void lines between successive void coordinates are inserted as break lines. Therefore, break voids change the slope and elevations of the TIN surface.

Cardinal Points One of the points used to define the geometry of an alignment. Cardinal points include PC, PT, PI, and CC points for horizontal geometry and VPC, VPI and VPT for vertical geometry.

Centroid (triangle) Geometric center of a triangle in a terrain model.

Chord Definition Curve definition method generally used in railway applications. The radius R is used to define the curve, and is defined by the equation R=50/SIN(0.5*D) where the degree of curvature D is the central angle subtended by a 100-foot chord. See also Arc Definition.

Civil Cell Used as a mechanism to preconfigure commonly used complex geometric layouts. These layouts will commonly be stored in DGNLIB files for reuse across multiple projects but it is possible and sometimes useful to store directly in an active DGN file for use in that single location. The civil cell will contain horizontal geometry and can also contain the vertical geometry.

Civil Message Center

Used to display a continuous updating log of Civil messages, including warnings and errors. As errors and warnings are resolved, they are removed from the list. New messages are added whenever the conditions warrant. Most messages relate to civil geometry, superelevation, and corridor modeling.

Civil Template A civil design concept used most often for corridor modeling but also has other applications. The Civil Template defines the cross-sectional shape of the object being modeled. This cross-section is then “extruded along” a 3D geometry element to form the final model. The corridor template can create or target features such as road edges. The result is the creation of a corridor.

Clipping Reference Clipping allows you to remove areas of overlap when working with multiple corridors in a single surface. For example, in a corridor intersected by a crossing roadway, clipping would be used to remove all overlapped features within the intersection.

Complex Terrain Model

A terrain model created by merging or appending two or more terrain models.

Context Toolbox When an element is selected, hovering over the element provide a heads-up and context sensitive toolbar which pops up at the cursor. This toolbar provides a few of the most commonly used tools which operate on the element selected element type. The first tool in this toolbar is always Quick Properties.

Contour A linear symbol representing points of equal elevation relative to a given datum.

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Contour, Isopach Contours of a delta terrain model which represent cut and fill values as contours, not elevations. A positive contour represents fill, while a negative contour is cut.

Contour, Major The primary elevation line indicating a specific elevation in a surface model. Usually major contours are drawn with a heavier line weight or using a different color. Elevation text labels are usually drawn in association with major contours.

Contour, Minor A secondary elevation line indicating a specific elevation in a surface model. Minor contours are often drawn without special color or weight indexing and without elevation text labels.

Corridor A civil object used for modeling a roadway and is automatically managed by the corridor modeling tools.

Cross Section Model

DGN models (extracted perpendicular to defined horizontal geometry) with special station elevation coordinates defined and other specialized capabilities such as view exaggeration. Cross section stations match the interval in the template drop when a corridor is used as the basis. When horizontal geometry is utilized, the left / right offsets and interval are user-defined.

Curve Stroking Stroking is the process of automatically adding shots to the terrain model or corridor by interpolating new shots from the curved sections of the data. This distance is used to interpolate new shots along the curved element in corridor processing and applying linear templates. This value is used as a perpendicular minimum distance from chords generated along the arc. Chords are drawn along the arc and the perpendicular distance is measured from the middle of each chord to the arc. If this distance is larger than the Curve Stroking, the process is repeated with a shorter chord length. This process is repeated until the end of the curve is reached. The flatter the curve, the fewer number of points will be calculated. The steeper the curve, the greater number of points that will be calculated.

DDB File GEOPAK file (Design Database) which contains features definitions, associated symbology and annotation settings.

Delta Terrain Model

A surface containing data derived from the difference in elevation between two terrain models or a terrain model and a plane.

Dialog The tool settings box for the active command. The dialog shows all available options for a command. For most civil commands, most of the time, the dialog can be hidden and ignored since the user is given all necessary instruction and inputs by way of the cursor prompt. The dialog is necessary for configuring command customizations.

Drape The process of vertically projecting elements onto a surface so that the element elevations are defined by the surface.

Drape Void A closed area of missing or obscured data where the void coordinates are not included in the triangulation. Voids are inserted post triangulation. The void coordinates and lines are draped on the TIN surface. Even though a user must provide an elevation for the Drape Void vertices, the user elevations are changed to the elevation of the TIN surface at the XY Drape Void coordinate position.

Glossary



Element Template MicroStation concept which allows preconfigured definitions for symbology and other miscellaneous display of MicroStation elements and civil features.

End Condition A specialized component of a corridor template which provides information tie into active surface.

End Condition Exception

Used to modify the behavior of an end condition solution without requiring the use of additional template drops. When an end condition exception is added, it must be edited to change its behavior.

Export to Native Option to automatically or manually push horizontal and vertical geometry into native products (InRoads - ALG, MX - PSS and GEOPAK - GPK).

Feature A Feature is anything that can be seen or located and is a physical part of your design, representing a real world thing. A feature’s definition is one of its properties. At any given time in the design process, the feature will have a Horizontal Geometry, a Vertical Geometry, 3D Geometry or a combination to define its location.

Feature Definition Used to define options when creating features. These are the items which are created in advance, usually used across multiple projects and define symbology, annotation and quantities. The feature definition is assigned (usually) in the plan model and profile/3D feature definitions follow from there.

Feature Name Each Feature can have a name.

Gap When a feature is trimmed the part(s) which are invisible on the base geometry.

GPK A legacy (proprietary) GEOPAK database containing coordinate geometry information.

Graphical Filter Using in developing terrain models, an automated way of storing search settings for graphic elements when creating terrain models using 3D element. A graphical filter can be created for each feature (i.e., spots, breaks, voids) then the filters can be defined as a Graphical filter group.

Heads Up Prompt Command instructions are given in a heads up and dynamic prompt which floats at the cursor.

Horizontal Geometry

The elements which define the horizontal layout of the design. These elements are 2D elements even if the DGN model is 3D. Horizontal Geometry may be points, lines, arcs, spirals, splines or any combination in a complex element.

Interval When a feature is trimmed the part(s) which are visible on the base geometry.

Island Closed area used to place within a void, i.e., islands in the middle of rivers, lakes, etc.

Key Station Additional station added to the corridor to force processing at the particular location.

LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) is an optical scanning technology which scans ground and other physical features to produce a 3D model.

Glossary


Sheets


Linear Feature In plan model, composed of lines, arcs, spirals, splines or combinations of these. In profile model, composed of lines, parabola, splines or combinations of these.

Linear Stroking Stroking is the process of automatically adding shots to the terrain model or corridor by interpolating new shots from the linear sections of the data. Linear stroking is measured along the element. Interpolated vertices are added whenever the distance between the vertices is greater than the linear stroking value (in master units).

Manipulators The heads up, on-screen editing interface. Only the most common properties are presented in manipulators. Manipulators are in two types: graphical and text

Overlay Vertical Adjustment

Within Corridor Model, tool used to develop a vertical geometry (based on milling and overlay parameters) and apply to the corridor.

Parametric Constraints

Used to set up constraint value overrides for specified station ranges.

Plan Model The usual DGN model, used for laying out horizontal geometry. Best practices will dictate that this is a 2D DGN model but 3D DGN model can be used. This is where geometric layouts and corridor definitions are kept. The geometric layouts are not only alignments but also edges, parking, striping, sidewalks, etc.

Point Features Defined by a single X, Y (Z optional) location. A point need not be a feature. It may be defined as a non-featurized point by way of AccuDraw, Civil AccuDraw, Snap or a data point. Non featurized points are used to control the construction of Linear Features.

Point Cloud A set of vertices in a 3D coordinate system and these vertices are defined the by X, Y and Z coordinates. Point clouds are usually created by 3D scanners. These devices measure a large number of points on the surface of an object and output a point cloud as a data file. The point cloud represents the visible surface of the object that has been scanned or digitized.

Point Control Used to modify the behavior of points in a template. These controls take precedence (they override) over existing constraints on the point.

Project Explorer MicroStation's interface for browsing elements in a DGN file. Extended by civil to accommodate specialized civil needs.

PSS File MX file (Plans Style Set) which provides the graphical representation for the MX string features.

Reference Element The rule for some geometry is a calculation from another element. This other element is the reference element.

Secondary Alignment

Used to modify the direction of cross section processing. By default, as any given station, the cross section is created orthogonal to the main alignment/feature. If a secondary alignment exists, then that portion of the cross section which lies outside the secondary alignment will be orthogonal to the secondary alignment instead of the main alignment.

SEP File / Method Uses the superelevation settings which originated in GEOPAK.

Glossary



SMD File GEOPAK file (Survey Manager Database) which contains survey features definitions and associated element and textual settings.

Spot Elevation A set of X, Y, Z coordinates representing a point on the terrain model surface. There is no implied relationship between regular points.

SRL File / Method Uses the superelevation settings which originated in MX

Superelevation Lane

The closed area defined by the superelevation tools used for the limits of transition calculations and pivoting location.

Superelevation Section

Area along a horizontal geometry element, where superelevation will be calculated.

Target Aliasing Used to create the desired results when working with multiple surfaces without having to edit the template from the template library. Target aliases can also be used so that one corridor can target the solution of another corridor.

Template Drop An area (usually defined by station limits) along a corridor to which a specific template is applied.

Template Library A file that stores definitions for templates, generally with an ITL file extension.

Template Transition

The transition indicator occurs in the corridor between templates of differing names.

Terrain Model A three-dimensional DGN element defined by spots, break lines, voids, holes, contours to model a surface on the earth.

Tooltips When hovering the cursor over an element or a handle, a tooltip is shown which gives explanatory information.

Trace Slope Upstream - The indicated path follows the steepest ascent from a user-defined point through the terrain model terminating at a high point or the edge of the terrain model. Downstream - The indicated path follows the steepest descent from a user-defined point through the terrain model terminating at a low point or the edge of the terrain model.

Vertical Alignment A linear feature in profile model which serves the special purpose of defining the elevations of an alignment.

Vertical Geometry The elements which define the vertical layout of a corresponding horizontal geometry element. These vertical elements are 2D and are stored in a profile model.

Void Closed shape to demarcate areas of missing data or obscure areas. No point or break data located within the void area is utilized and no triangles are created inside the void areas. The Void coordinates are included in the triangulation and void lines between successive void coordinates are inserted as drape lines on the surface. Therefore, they do not change the slope or elevations of the surface.

Watershed Defined by either a low point within the terrain model or a low edge point along the terrain model edge, it's the closed area wherein all water would drain to the low point.

Glossary


Sheets


XIN File InRoads file which contains features definitions, associated styles, annotation, and other settings.

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