Bellringer: Check DR 1-B 2-C 3- building materials 4- weathering 5- sediment 6- erosion 7- deposition 8- minerals 9- uplift 10- surface

11- C 21- A 12- E 22- D 13- A 23- A 14- B 15- D 16- C 17- A 18- A 19- D 20- C

Rock Cycle

What is a rock?

A rock is a mixture of minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials.

Most rock used for building stone contains one or more common minerals, called rock-forming minerals, such as quartz, feldspar, mica, or calcite.

• When you look closely, the sparkles you see are individual crystals of minerals.

What is the difference between a rock & a mineral?

Minerals are solid, naturally occurring, inorganic, have a fixed composition and are made of one or more elements.

Rocks are made of one or more minerals.

Made of elements

Solid

Can be made of lava/ magma

Have crystals

Can be formed from

solutions

Must be inorganic

Made only of compounds

Elements must be chemically bonded

Naturally occurring

Can be made from organic

materials

Mixtures made of minerals

Can be

man made

Rock Types There are three

types of rocks

Igneous

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

What is the rock cycle?

To show how rocks slowly change through time, scientists have created a model called the rock cycle.

It illustrates the processes that create and change rocks.

Rock Cycle Continued

The rock cycle shows the three types of rock— igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary—and the processes that form them.

The Rock Cycle explains how Rocks and Natural Processes

are relatedweathering

melting

pres

sure

, hea

t

Sedimentary Metamorphic

Igneous

Igneous Rocks

Formed by the cooling and hardening of hot molten rock.

If the molten rock is located within Earth it is called magma.

If the molten rock reaches the surface and exits through volcanoes, it is then referred to as lava.

Two classifications of Igneous rock;

1) Plutonic (intrusive) – forms from magma.

2) Volcanic (extrusive) – forms from lava.

Sedimentary Rocks Rock formed when the weathered products of

pre-existing rocks have been transported, deposited, and compacted or cemented into solid rock.

Usually formed in marine (water) environments where sediment is deposited by streams and rivers.

Most of Earth’s crust (95%) is igneous rock but the surface is covered by sedimentary rocks.

Three classifications of Sedimentary Rocks; 1) Clastic 2) Chemical 3) Organic

Metamorphic Rocks Rock formed below Earth’s surface when pre-existing

rock is altered by heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.

Metamorphism changes rocks in size, shape, texture, and the minerals they contain.