Bellringer 11/17Bellringer 11/171. What is energy?1. What is energy?

2. What do the following have in common?2. What do the following have in common?

Reminders: HW #12, LAB FEE, Quiz #7 Next Wk!Reminders: HW #12, LAB FEE, Quiz #7 Next Wk!

Energy in the CellEnergy in the Cell

Photosynthesis and RespirationPhotosynthesis and Respiration

EnergyEnergy Energy- Energy- the ability to do workthe ability to do work The energy for living things is stored The energy for living things is stored

in chemical compoundsin chemical compounds Our main energy source is THE SUNOur main energy source is THE SUN 2 organelles are responsible for 2 organelles are responsible for

making those compounds for cells:making those compounds for cells: ChloroplastsChloroplasts- - through through

photosynthesisphotosynthesis in plants in plants MitochondriaMitochondria- - through through cellular cellular

respirationrespiration in all living cells (plans in all living cells (plans and animals)and animals)

Where Does the Energy Come From?Where Does the Energy Come From?

Energy is stored in food!!!Energy is stored in food!!! PlantsPlants use sunlight to make their food. use sunlight to make their food.

Plants are Plants are autotrophsautotrophs——they make their they make their ownown food.food.

AnimalsAnimals and other organisms that cannot and other organisms that cannot use the sun’s energy directly must use the sun’s energy directly must consume food for energy.consume food for energy. Animals are called Animals are called heterotrophsheterotrophs—their food —their food

comes from comes from differentdifferent sources. sources.

Chemical EnergyChemical Energy

Energy in food is stored in chemical Energy in food is stored in chemical bondsbonds

There are 3 main energy molecules There are 3 main energy molecules that cells use:that cells use: ATPATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) (adenosine tri-phosphate) ADPADP (adenosine di-phosphate) (adenosine di-phosphate) GlucoseGlucose (C (C66HH1212OO66)- carbohydrates)- carbohydrates

ATP and ADPATP and ADP ATP is made of:ATP is made of:

Adenine (a nitrogen compound)Adenine (a nitrogen compound) 5-carbon sugar5-carbon sugar 3 phosphate groups3 phosphate groups

ADP is made of:ADP is made of: Adenine (a nitrogen compound)Adenine (a nitrogen compound) 5-carbon sugar5-carbon sugar 2 2 phosphate groupsphosphate groups

So what’s the only difference between the two? So what’s the only difference between the two? The Phosphate Groups! 2 vs. 3The Phosphate Groups! 2 vs. 3

ATP vs. ADPATP vs. ADP ATP can become ADP by ATP can become ADP by breakingbreaking a chemical bond a chemical bond

and removing a phosphate groupand removing a phosphate group When you When you breakbreak chemical bonds you chemical bonds you RELEASERELEASE

energyenergy The cell can The cell can storestore energy by energy by ADDINGADDING a phosphate a phosphate

group to ADP to become ATP.group to ADP to become ATP. ATP acts like a fully charged batteryATP acts like a fully charged battery

ATP vs. GlucoseATP vs. Glucose

ATP is ATP is NOTNOT good for storing good for storing largelarge amounts of energy long-term. amounts of energy long-term.

The cell uses glucose because it can The cell uses glucose because it can store store 90 times90 times as much energy as as much energy as ATP.ATP.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis PhotoPhoto: : using lightusing light SynthesisSynthesis: : to put something to put something

togethertogether >>>>>>The process in which cell The process in which cell

use light energy to use light energy to makemake carbohydrates (food)carbohydrates (food)

ReminderReminder: : takes place in takes place in chloroplastschloroplasts

Chlorophyll-Chlorophyll- pigment that traps pigment that traps light energy needed for light energy needed for photosynthesis- LAB on this on photosynthesis- LAB on this on Wednesday!!!Wednesday!!!

Bellringer 11/18Bellringer 11/181.1. What goes into plants before photosynthesis?What goes into plants before photosynthesis?

2.2. What comes out (or what do plants make) What comes out (or what do plants make) after photosynthesis?after photosynthesis?

You can write it or draw it. Use your notes You can write it or draw it. Use your notes from yesterday or your book!!!from yesterday or your book!!!

REMINDERSREMINDERS: HW #12 due Fri, LAB FEE, Quiz : HW #12 due Fri, LAB FEE, Quiz #7 on Wed next week!!!#7 on Wed next week!!!

Photosynthesis SummarizedPhotosynthesis Summarized__ CO2 + __ H2O + light energy = __C6H12O6 + __O2

trapped by chlorophyll

But, we need to balance this equation…

So….

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6 O2

trapped by chlorophyll

This process contains light-dependent (requires This process contains light-dependent (requires sunlight) and light-independent reactions (no light sunlight) and light-independent reactions (no light needed) needed)

Can we guess which part is which?Can we guess which part is which?

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

The opposite of photosynthesisThe opposite of photosynthesis Instead of making food, we now break down Instead of making food, we now break down

that food to release energy that food to release energy ReminderReminder: takes place in the mitochondria: takes place in the mitochondria

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP (from plants) (for plants) (for our use)

Cellular Respiration StagesCellular Respiration Stages

3 Stages3 Stages Glycolysis-Glycolysis- takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)- in the mitochondria- in the mitochondria ETCETC (Electron Transport Chain)- in the inner membrane of (Electron Transport Chain)- in the inner membrane of

the mitochondriathe mitochondria To remember: To remember:

Glycolysis: Glycolysis: anaerobicanaerobic (no oxygen needed) (no oxygen needed) Citric Acid Cycle and ETC: Citric Acid Cycle and ETC: aerobicaerobic (need oxygen to go) (need oxygen to go)

Total energy after Cellular Respiration: 38 ATPTotal energy after Cellular Respiration: 38 ATP

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

What happens w/o O?What happens w/o O? When the cell needs energy When the cell needs energy

(when you exercise heavily or (when you exercise heavily or run long-distance), but little or run long-distance), but little or no O is available for proper no O is available for proper respiration, the cell will enter respiration, the cell will enter an anaerobic process call an anaerobic process call fermentationfermentation

2 kinds of Fermentation:2 kinds of Fermentation: Lactic Acid-Lactic Acid- this is why this is why

muscles hurtmuscles hurt AlcoholicAlcoholic - used by yeast, - used by yeast,

bacteria, this is how we bacteria, this is how we make beer, cheese, bread, make beer, cheese, bread, vinegar, wine and cidervinegar, wine and cider

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Photosynthesis vs. RespirationPhotosynthesis vs. Respiration

Photosynthesis vs. RespirationPhotosynthesis vs. RespirationPhotosynthesis Respiration

Food made Food broken down

Energy from sunlight stored in glucose

Stored energy in glucose released

CO2 taken in CO2 and H2O given off

O2 given off O2 taken in

Occurs in the presence of chlorophyll- plants only

Occurs in all living organisms

Light needed No light needed

In Chloroplasts In Mitochondria