BEDROCK:KARMO & ROSALauri Uotinen

KYT2018 final seminar, Helsinki lecture hall, Finlandia Hall, Helsinki on 29th January 2019

KARMO - Mechanicalproperties of rock jointsLauri Uotinen

KYT2018 final seminar, Helsinki lecture hall, Finlandia Hall, Helsinki on 29th January 2019

Research Team

Research Team

Responsible Manager Prof. Mikael Rinne

Project Manager DSc. Lauri Uotinen

Master’s thesis workers Eero Korpi,

Joni Sirkiä,

Magdalena Dzugala

Research aids and Raphaël Yorke, Antoni Kopaly,

Bachelor thesis workers Daniil Iakovlev, Pauliina Kallio,

Laura Tolvanen, Sivi Kivivirta,

Enrique Caballero

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Introduction

The Problem

50 mm slip has been defined as potentially damaging for

the spent nuclear fuel canisters in the KBS-3 concept.

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Figure 1. Potential fractures in KBS-3V. Source: Posiva 2017-01.

Secondary Fractures

Secondary fractures may occur near

larger discontinuities that slip.

The larger the discontinuity, the more

likely it is to cause secondary

displacements exceeding 50 mm.

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Figure 2. Secondary fractures in yellow.

Source: Posiva 2017-01 after Fälth & Hökmark 2015.

The Solution

Determine the mechanical properties of rock joints

and demonstrate that 50 mm slip does not occur.

The two most promising methods to achieve this are:

1. Large scale in-situ tests

2. Small scale laboratory tests and upscaling

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Main Problems

Large scale in-situ tests

Spatially unrepresentative, difficult to interpret, and expensive

Small scale laboratory tests

Scale-effect, upscaling, and validation

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KARMO

Goal

The research problem is obtaining the mechanical parameters for

over 10 m long rock joints. Natural scale experiments are expensive

and unrepresentative. Laboratory experiments are affordable and

quantitative, but the scale effect is a factor to be taken in account.

The goal is to produce a method to obtain

the mechanical parameters of rock joints.

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Research Continuum

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KARMO I

KARMOII

KARMOIII

KYT2014

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Pilot

Photogrammetry

Modelling

Body Scanning

Mine Wall Scanning

SaaS1 Scanning

Invention disclosures:

KYT2018

1 Software as a Service2 Mining Education and Virtual Underground Rock Laboratory3 Visualisation of Rock Quality in Construction of Underground Spaces4 Virtual Rock Sample Collection for Education and Professional Training

Pilot Projects:

MIEDU2

KAVI3

RAKKA

NUCLEVR

KARIKKO

KYT2022

EDUROCK4

KARMO I

KARMOII

KARMOIII

Sh

ea

rS

tre

ng

th

Joint length

Johansson & Stille 2014

1-2 m100-200 mm 10-20 m

Rock joint length:ScaleContinuum

Negative

scale effect

Scale Results from KARMO

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=> Johansson & Stille 2014

Milestones

2 major laboratory experiments:

2 m x 1 m (ASPERT) & 0.50 m x 0.25 m (AMPERT)

3 invention disclosures:

1 funded TUTL project (Fractuscan.com)

13 deliverables:

7 theses (1 DSc, 2 MSc, 4 BSc) + 6 scientific publications

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Research Outcomes

The main outcomes of the research continuum 2014-2018 are:

1. New method for photogrammetric digitization of rock joint roughness

2. Experimentally verified rock joint shear strength prediction

3. 7 new experts trained in the field: 1 PhD + 2 MSc + 4 BSc

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Utilization of results

The results help the evaluation of the engineered barrier system (EBS)

in the following ways:

- Mechanical parameters of rock joints may be captured using non-

destructive KARMO photogrammetric method and then upscaled

- The large scale tests 0.50 m x 0.25 m and 2 m x 1 m can be used in

validation of numerical modelling of rock joint mechanics

- The results can be used in evaluation of the mechanical behaviour

and displacement of secondary fractures in rock mass

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Dissertation

KARMO results as a part of thesis:

- fotogrammetric fracture digitalization

- scale series of rock joint replica shear tests

- large scale laboratory rock joint shear tests

Available at https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/30729

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After KARMO

As direct continuation, the KARMO rock mechanical parameters for

single rock joint and the ROSA realistic fracture network simulator

can be used to create a discrete fracture network realisation for the

study of fluid flow in a fracture network. Particularly the hydro-

mechanical coupling (H-M) is very important for the fluid flow.

As spinoff research, the KARMO photogrammetric scanning method

appears to work well in creation of virtual training environments. As a

result, two pilot projects MIEDU (Mining Education and Virtual

Underground Rock Laboratory) and KAVI (Visualisation of Rock

Quality in Construction of Underground Spaces) are in progress.

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RAKKA

RAKKA studies water flow in fractured rock mass. It aims to produce:

transmissivity and storativity of fractures in rock mass.

Key research activities:

- 6 month researcher exchange to merge KARMO and ROSA results

- Large scale 2 m x 1 m hydromechanical laboratory tests

- Numerical coupled hydromechanical FEMDEM modelling

- 10 publications, of which 3 Master’s thesis

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NUCLEVR

NUCLEVR studies the usage of virtual reality and the usage of online

learning environments in training of nuclear waste management

Professional training benefits:

- Results usable on YJK course, both for KYT and SAFIR

- Creation of virtual learning environments using KARMO technology

- Creation of open online learning environments for NWM training

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VR TRAINING IN NWM

Three prior pilot VR projects: MIEDU, VUTE & KAVI

VR stations are typically available

in industry offices 0-1

in public libraries 1-3

in university campuses 5+

Demonstrated VR scanning capability youtu.be/bkE7GnxQa20

Creation of online VR training environments (1 min 13 sec)

Analysis of effect on training results on 30 (of 20 students and 10 staff)

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VR Portfolio

Hi-Res: https://youtu.be/tRpskSymAF8

Full tunnel: https://youtu.be/-BZKE0gnojw

MIEDU: https://youtu.be/09ulU3z-u0Q

VUTE: https://youtu.be/A9Gbw1aVDc0

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Deliverables (100 % open access)

1. Rakogeometrian jäljentäminen 3D-teknologialla

2. Quantifying loss of geometrical features in downscaling of rock joint surfaces using shear box replica series

3. A method to downscale joint surface roughness and to create replica series using 3D printed molds

4. Rakopinnan karkeuden mittaaminen fotogrammetrisesti

5. Itsetiivistyvä betoninen jäljennysmateriaali rakopinnoille

6. Requirements for initial data in photogrammetric recording of rock joint surfaces

7. Determination of joint mechanical parameters for stability analysis in a low stress open pit mines

8. Pull experiment to validate photogrammetrically predicted friction angle of rock discontinuities

9. Determination of joint mechanical parameters for stability analysis in low stress open pit mines

10. Photogrammetric calculation of JRC for rock slope support design

11. Kiven leikkauskokeen numeerinen mallintaminen ydinjätteen loppusijoituksessa

12. Pull experiment to validate photogrammetrically predicter friction angle of rock discontinuities

13. Prediction of stress-driven rock mass damage in spent nuclear fuel repositories in hard crystalline

rock and in deep underground mines

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ROSA

ROSA: Fracture simulator which respects the measured fracture length and orientation distributions

Eevaliisa Laine & Mira Markovaara-Koivisto,GTK

R and Octave scripts

Julia (Programming language) scripts

GeoOrient

CloudCompare, mainlyfree modelling tools

Processing linear and circular scanline data

Spatial statisticalproperties of fracture

properties

Clustering, Correlations

Statistical modelling of fracture properties for

fracture simulation

3D fracture networks in Kopparnäs and Palmottu areas

Fracture network modelling tools

• The suggested fracture network modelling (commercialsoftware in parenthes):

– CloudCompare: fracture zone interpretations from data in differentscales

– Paraview, Octave: 3D visualization of fractures using vtk files in Paraview

– R: statistical fracture modelling

– Julia-programming language: Correlation analysis

– Julia-programming language: Clustering using fracture properties

– GeoOrient: clustering using fracture orientations

– Fracture simulation: R, (GOCAD plugin, ISATIS), ADFNE

– Geomechanical testing: (FEMDEM, 3DMOVE), GeoOrient

ROSA project, Laine & Markovaara-Koivisto 29.1.2019

Bedrock fracturing (KARIKKO) - Characteristics of brittle structures and

their prediction at different scales

ROSA project, Laine &

Markovaara-Koivisto 29.1.2019

– Develop the workflows for gathering large datasets on fractures and their properties at different scales.

• Investigate possibilities to automatize parts of the workflow, e.g. could automatic fracture mapping from images be a possibility?

– Examine scaling patterns of the data, which could enable more accurate predictions between different scales.

– Enhance the possibilities to predict fracture properties (f.eg. orientation, intensity, length, shear/tension, aperture, filling)

Thank you!Lauri.Uotinen@aalto.fi050 464 2970

+ Rock mass properties

+ Joint parameters

+ Risk Mapping

+ Stability Analyses

Contact: 050 464 2970 /Lauri.Uotinen@fractuscan.fi

+ High-Resolution

Photogrammetry

+ 3D Models

+ Reinforcement Design

+ Reporting