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AUTOMATIC SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC LED

STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

VISHNU PRASANTH V 11009105053

GADUPUDI RAVI KUMAR 11009105017

KOTTISA RAJASEKHAR PATNAIK 11009105024

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

PRATHYUSHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT

ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2013


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ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report AUTOMATIC SOLAR PHOTO

VOLTAIC LED STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM is the bonafide work of

VISHNU PRASANTH V, GADUPUDI RAVI KUMAR, KOTTISA

RAJASEKHAR PATNAIK who carried out the project work under my

supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Mr. S. KRISHNA KUMAR Mr. S. KRISHNA KUMAR

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering

Prathyusha Institute of Prathyusha Institute of

Technology and Management Technology and ManagementAranvoyalkuppam, Thiruvallur - 602025 Aranvoyalkuppam, Thiruvallur - 602025

Project viva voce held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my deep gratitude to my beloved and respectable

chairman Sri. P. RAJA RAO.

I am thankful to my honorable CEO Ms. S. PRATHYUSHA for her

constant support and encouragement.

I also feel obliged to my Principal Dr. P. M. BEULAH DEVAMALAR

for her valuable support and encouragement.

I express my sincere and hearty thanks to my Head of the Department

Mr. S. KRISHNA KUMAR for his valuable guidance and all facilities he gave

us for completing the project.

I am grateful to my Internal Guide Mr. S. KRISHNA KUMAR who led

us to complete my project successfully with his valuable suggestions and timely

advices for successful completion of my project.

I sincerely thank my Project Coordinator Mr. NIRMAL KUMAR for

his support and help throughout till the successful completion of my project.

I express my sincere thanks to all my teaching and non teaching staff

members of Department of EEE for their immense support for completing my

project.


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ABSTRACT

The modern world is in a great need of power and the power produced from the

non renewable energy resources is very less to meet the present day demands.

So, renewable energy like the solar can be used for applications like street

lighting, home lighting, and other low power home appliances. The following

system is a maintenance free automatic solar photo voltaic LED street lighting

system which functions with the help of a PIC Microcontroller, charge

controller, and a lamp controller. The PIC 16F877A Microcontroller along with

the relay is used here in order to provide automatic ON/OFF based on the

voltage available on the solar panel. The PIC Microcontroller is also used to

charge the battery in two ways depending upon the voltage available on the

solar panel. In order to provide 12 hours of lighting operation with the energy

stored in the battery during day time, LED lighting systems are used. These

LEDs provide high luminance and consume very less power when compared to

the conventional lighting systems. With the help of this system the needs of

street lighting can be fulfilled with a minimal investment cost.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

Abstract iv

List of Figures ix

List of Tables ix

List of Abbreviations x

1 Introduction 11.1Introduction 11.2LED Solar Garden Light 21.3LED Solar Sign Light 21.4LED Solar Security Light 31.5Conclusion 3

2 Literature Review 42.1Introduction 42.2Literature review 42.3Conclusion 5

3 Modules and its functions 63.1Introduction 63.2Block Diagram 6

3.2.1 PIC 16F877A Microcontroller 7


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3.2.2 Battery Charger Module 73.2.3 Lamp Driver Module 7

3.3Requirements 83.3.1 Software Requirements 83.3.2 Hardware Requirements 8

3.4Conclusion 84 PIC16F877A Microcontroller 9

4.1 Introduction 9

4.2 Special features 9

4.3 Peripheral features 10

4.4 Analog features 11

4.5 Key features of microcontroller 11

4.6 Architecture 13

4.7 I/O Ports 16

4.8 Conclusion 21

5 MPLAB 22

5.1 Introduction 22

5.2 MPLAB IDE 23

5.3 MPLAB Development tools 24

5.4 Conclusion 27


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6 Solar Panel 28

6.1 Introduction 28

6.2 Building Block of Solar Panel 29

6.3 Theory 30

6.4 Efficiency 30

6.5 Battery 32

6.6 Conclusion 32

7 LED Lamp 33

7.1 Introduction 33

7.2 Features 33

7.3 Applications 34

7.4 Various Colours Available 35

7.5 Construction of 6x4 Matrix 35

7.6 Conclusion 36

8 Project Description 37

8.1 Introduction 37

8.2 Circuit Diagram 38

8.2.1 Controller 39

8.2.2 Battery Charger Module 40

8.2.3 Lamp Driver Module 42


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8.3 Flow Chart 44

8.4 Algorithm 45

8.5 Conclusion 45

9 Results 46

10 Conclusion 47

10.1 Conclusion 47

10.2 Further Enhancement 47

11 Reference 48

12 Appendix 50


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LIST OF FIGURES

S.No FIGURE PAGE

Fig. 1 Block diagram 6

Fig. 2 40 Pin DIP of PIC16F877A 13

Fig. 3 Architecture of PIC 16F877A 15

Fig. 4 Internal Architecture of I/O ports 16

Fig. 5 Internal Architecture of Port D 20

Fig. 6 6x4 LED Matrix 35

Fig. 7 Complete Circuit Diagram 38

Fig. 8 PIC Microcontroller Base Circuit 39

Fig. 9 Voltage Sensing Circuit 40

Fig. 10 Battery Charger 41

Fig. 11 LED Driver 43

Fig. 12 Skeletal Model 46

LIST OF TABLES

S.No TABLE PAGE

Table 1 Key features of Microcontroller 11

Table 2 Approximate Time Voltage relationship on a day 42


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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LED Light Emitting Diode

IC Integrated Chips

PIC Peripheral Interface Controller

PV Photo Voltaic

DSSC Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

DIP Dual Inline Packaging

Ni-Cd Nickel Cadmium

Ni-MH Nickel Metal Hydride

ICSP In-Circuit Serial Programming

WDT Watch Dog Timer

ICD In-Circuit Debug

IDE Integrated Development Environment

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

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