basic abap overview

8/12/2019 Basic ABAP Overview

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India SAP CoE, Slide 1

ABAPGeneral Concepts


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Topics Covered

SAP Architecture R/3

Reports

Function Modules

Interfaces BDCs, LSMW

Cross Applications BAPIs, RFCs, IDOCs


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SAP R/3 Architecture


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R/3 Architecture


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R/3 Architecture


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R/3 Architecture


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Some Common Transactions

SE38ABAP Editor

SE37ABAP Function Modules

SE11ABAP Dictionary SE93Transactions

SE80Object Navigator

LSMWLegacy System Migration Workbench

SHDBTransaction Recorder

SM35Session Overview


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Reports



Reports

Reports are Programs that read data from the database, processes

the data and displays the data to the required format.

Reports are uses in day to day business environment. For eg

Displaying the purchase orders vendor wise

Displaying the balance of vendors to be paid till a particular date

Enhance the efficiency & transparency of Business Processes

Sound Decision making with the control of master data and

accurate reporting

Relevant Documents immediately available for in case of drill down

reports

Multiple angles of Data representing and Forecasting Values



Reports: Classification

Classical

Interactive



Process Flow: Classical Report



Process Flow: Interactive Report

event keyword

processing block

internal control

eventkeyword

processing blockinternal control

...

external control

external control

event begin

event end



Events

ABAP/4 repor t p rograms are event dr iven prog rams

The dif ferent events in a report Prog ram are:

Init ial ization.

Initialization of all the values. You can fill your selection screen with some

values at runtime.At Selection -Screen.

Validation & Checks of inputted values happen here

Start-of-Selection.

Here the program starts selecting values from tables.

End-of-selection.

After all the data has been selected this event writes the data to the screen.Interactiv e Events .

Used for interactive reporting. It is used to create a detailed list from a basic

list.



Data Declaration

Data statement

Like and Type Keywords



Internal Tables

Standard Sorted Hashed

Key Access

Ac cess Time

For n Entr ies

Access Using

Table Scan Binary Srch Hash Funct ion

Increases Linearly

(O(n))

Increases Lo gar i thmical ly

(O(log(n))

Remains Co nstant

(O(1))

Predominant ly

Index

Predominant ly

Key Key Only

NON-UNIQUE UNIQUE| NON-UNIQUE UNIQUEUniqueness


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Common Statements

Write

Loop.. Endloop

If Else Endif

Case When Endcase

Select



Interactive Reporting

The following are the different events associated with Interactive

Reporting

Event Keyword Event

At Line-Selection Event is triggered by either the user doubleclicking a particular line or using F2 to select it

At User-Command Event triggered by user pressing a function key

At PFn

Where n is between 0 to 99

Event triggered on press of a function key.

Top-of-Page during Line

Selection

Event called during list processing when a detailed

list is called



Interactive Reporting Cont..Hotspot

If one drags the mouse over the data displayed in the report using the FORMAT

statement then the cursor changes to a Hand with an Outstretched Index finger

Syntax: Format Hotspot On (Off).

HideThis command helps you to store the field names based on which one will be doing

further processing to get a detailed list. It is written directly after the WRITE

statement for a field. When a row is selected the values get automatically filled inthe variables for further use.

Syntax: Hide .

Get Cursor CommandLike Hide this is also used for getting the values after selection of a row.

Syntax: Get Cursor field cur_name value cur_value.

cur_name and cur_value are variables.CALL TRANSACTION '' AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN.

Call a SAP transaction from ABAP Code.



Modularization

SubroutinesSubroutines are procedures that you can define in any ABAP

program and also call from any program.

Function modulesFunction modules are procedures that are defined in function

groups and can be called from any ABAP program.

IncludeIf you want to use the same sequence of statements in several

programs, you can code them once in an include program.



Subroutines

Defining SubroutinesFORM [USING ... [VALUE(][)] [TYPE |LIKE ]... ]

[CHANGING... [VALUE(][)] [TYPE |LIKE ]... ].

...

ENDFORM.

The Parameter InterfaceParameters Passed by Reference

list these parameters after USING without the VALUE addition

Parameters Passed by Value

list these parameters after USING with the VALUE addition

Passing by Value and ResultIf you want to return a changed output parameter from a

subroutine to the calling program only after the subroutine has run

successfully, use CHANGING for the option of the FORM

and PERFORM



Subroutines Cont..

Calling SubroutinesPERFORM... [USING ... ... ]

[CHANGING... ... ].

Static Variable

If you want to keep the value of a local data object after exiting the subroutine, youmust use the STATICS statement to declare it instead of the DATA statement. With

STATICS you declare a data object that is globally defined, but only locally visible

from the subroutine in which it is defined.

STATICS f_text TYPE f_word VALUE 'INIT'.



Function modules

Calling Function ModulesCALL FUNCTION

[EXPORTING f1 = a 1.... f n = a n]

[IMPORTING f1 = a 1.... f n = a n]

[CHANGING f1 = a 1.... f n = a n]

[TABLES f1 = a 1.... f n = a n][EXCEPTIONS e1 = r 1....en = rn [ERROR_MESSAGE = r E]

[OTHERS = ro]].

Creating Function Modules (SE37)Attributes

Parameter InterfaceTables

Exceptions

Source Code



Debugger Cont..

FieldsThe scrollable field display contains the contents of up to eight fields. The contents of thethree most important system fields are always displayed. This is the default display mode in

the Debugger. See also Processing Fields

Table Displays the contents of an internal table. This mode allows you to display and edit the

entries in an internal table. See also Processing Internal Tables

Breakpoints A scrollable display containing up to 30 breakpoints. Next to each breakpoint is a counter.

You can also delete breakpoints in this display. See also Managing Dynamic Breakpoints

Watchpoints You can set a watchpoint for a field so that the program is interrupted whenever the value of

that field changes. This display mode contains a list of Watchpoints, the fields and programs

to which they are assigned, the current values of the fields, and the conditions upon which

the watchpoint is activated. See also Setting Watchpoints

Calls This mode displays the current sequence of events, and the sequence of calls up to the

current breakpoint. The last active call is displayed at the top of the list; previous calls are

listed in reverse chronological order. When an event (for example, START-OF-SELECTION)concludes, it is deleted from the display.

Overview This mode displays the structure of the program. It lists its events, subroutines, and

modules, and shows which sections belong to which events. It also displays the section

currently being processed.

Settings This mode displays the current Debugger settings. You can change the settings by selecting

or deselecting various options. For further information, refer to Settings and Warnings



HandsOn

An output report is required which

takes sales document no (VBAP-

VBELN) as input, selects the fieldsVBELN POSNR & NTGEW and

displays a report as shown :



HandsOn: Steps

Declare Internal table

Create Selection Screen

Select data from VBAP and store inInternal table

Loop at the internal table and display

the data.


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Additional Info

Use the below link for complete details on ABAP.

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/d3/2e974d35c511d

1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/d3/2e974d35c511d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htmhttp://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/d3/2e974d35c511d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htmhttp://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/d3/2e974d35c511d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htmhttp://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/d3/2e974d35c511d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm


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Data Upload

BDCLSMW


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Purpose

BDC stand for BATCH DATA COMMUNICATION

Through this concept we transfer the data into SAP R/3 System

Legacy System R/3 System

BATCH INPUTData


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Presentation

server

Application

server

Internal

table

WS_UPLOAD

Read Dataset

ABAP/4

PROGRAM

Reading data from application

server or presentation server


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Presentation

server

Application

server

Internal

table

WS_UPLOAD

Read Dataset

ABAP/4

PROGRAM

Reading data from application

server or presentation server


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Batch Input Methods

METHOD #1

METHOD #2

METHOD #3

CALL TRANSACTION USING

STATEMENT

BATCH INPUT SESSION

DIRECT INPUT


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Process flow of Batch Input Session

Opens the Session

Process BDC table for each record

Close the Session

Function Modules


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When you create a batch input session, it remains in the batch inputqueue until it is explicitly started. Session processing can be started in

two ways:

An on-line user can start the session using the batch input menu

options. (To access the batch input options, choose System

Services Batch Inpu t.) SM35

You c an subm it the backgro und job RSBDCSUB to s tar t a session

in backg round processing. If several sessions have the same

name, RSBDCSUB s tarts them al l .

Processing Batch Input sessions


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Direct Input

To enhance the batch input procedure, the system offers the direct input technique,especially for transferring large amounts of data. In contrast to batch input, thistechnique does not create sessions, but stores the data directly. It does not processscreens. To enter the data into the corresponding database tables directly, thesystem calls a number of function modules that execute any necessary checks. Incase of errors, the direct input technique provides a restart mechanism. However, tobe able to activate the restart mechanism, direct input programs must be executedin the background only. To maintain and start these programs, use programRBMVSHOW or Transaction BMV0. It is better to use BDC method unless datavolume is very high, as validations are very critical to data upload in SAP. Examplesfor direct input programs are:


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Before you work with the Batch Input methods, you should know the purpose of

the tool

Transaction Recorder.

Use:

You can use the transaction recorder to record a series of transactions and theirscreens.

Features:

You can use the recording to create

Data transfer programs that use batch input or CALL TRANSACTIONBatch input sessions

Test data

Function modules.

Note: It doesntrecord F1, F4 and Scrollbar movements

Transaction Recorder (SHDB)


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Scheduling a Background Job

Job

Scheduling

General data

Job name

Job class

Status

Target host

A

Scheduled

Start date Steps

Transaction

SM36


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LSMWHow LSMW works ?

Convert data

Batch Input

processing

Legacy data

on PC

Read data

Converte

d data

Read

data Legacy dataon

application

server

IDoc inbound

processing

Direct Input

processing

Structure

relations

Field

mapping

Conversion

rules


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IDoc Record Types

Status Record IDoc-ID

Status information

Data Record IDoc-IDSequence/Hierarchy

Segment Format definition forheader data

item data

Control Record IDoc-ID

Sender-IDReceiver-ID

IDoc type and logical message

External structure


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What is EDI & ALE ?

ALE

Application Link Enabling

Used mostly for SAP to SAPcommunication. Used in

Distributed servers system. E.g.Say a Company has a centralserver at its head office and localservers at its branches. ALE isused to keep all the serverssynchronized.

Does not need EDI subsystem forcommunication.

ALE is an SAP terminology. ALE isintegrated with SAP product.

EDI

Electronic Data Interchange

Used Mostly for communicationbetween any 2 systems ondifferent networks. E.g.

Communication by a companywith its Suppliers and Customers.

Needs a EDI subsystem forcommunication

EDI is a technology in itself. It has itsown set of standards. SAPsupports EDI through IDOCs.


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Example of Document Exchange interface:

Customer Vendor

RFQ

Quotation

Purchase Order

Purchase Order Change

Order Acknowledgement

PurchasingSales

Receiving ShippingShipping Notice

AccountsAccounts

Invoice

Payment

DetailsCustomer

Bank

Vendor

Bank


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Intermediate Documents (IDOCs)

What is an IDoc ?

An IDoc is simply a data container

that is used to exchange information

between any two processes that canunderstand the syntax and

semantics of the data.


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IDoc Record Types

Status Record IDoc-IDStatus information

Data Record IDoc-IDSequence/Hierarchy

Segment Format definition forheader data

item data

Control Record IDoc-IDSender-ID

Receiver-ID

IDoc type and logical message

External structure


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AgendaHands On

Create A Database table.

Create a report to upload data to the table.

Attach a transaction to the report. Create a recording for the above

transaction.

Generate program for the recording.

Write BDC program.

Write LSMW.


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Thank You!