sap abap overview

7/30/2019 Sap Abap Overview

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Copyright 2004 Slide 1

Introduction to SAP ABAP/4S: SystemsA: ApplicationP: Products in Data Processing


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SAP was founded in 1972 by five people: Wellenreuther, Hopp,Hector, Plattner and Tchira.

Wellenreuther , while working at IBM , developed a financialaccounting package running in batch for an IBM customer Naturin. SAP bought rights from Naturin and started to design andimplement the real-time finance system as a standard package basedon Wellenreuther s experience in the application. They sold thefirst copy of the standard system to ICI.

Simultaneously, they developed a Materials management system asa bespoke software for ICI by reserving all property rights.

HISTORY OF SAP


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SAP Products and People

SAP Application Functionality

SAP Development Environment

Analyzer SAP

ManualsConfiguration

MenuImplementation

Guide

BasisSystem Database Hardware

ConfigurationTeam

BusinessEnd Users

Development Team

OperationsStaff


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Which Customer Requirements are met by the R/3 System?


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SAP sets new standards for the universal use of standard software with its R/3system. The R/3 System allows the complete integration of business and data

processing based on Progressive development techniques.

The components of the R/3 system are characterized by its comprehensive businessfunctionality coupled with the latest technology. The integration of the applicationsguarantees transparency of all functions in the system and thus in the entireenterprise.

The R/3 system is based on a complete business model covering the followingapplication areas: Financial accounting, controlling, assets management,

material management, production planning and control, sales logistics,quality management, plant maintenance, project management, servicemanagement, human resource management, office communication, workflowfunctions, industry solutions, open information warehouse.

SAP Overview


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STAGES OF SAP IMPLEMENTATION.

Scoping:Analysis Design DevelopmentConfigurationImplementationTesting/TrainingPost Implementation Support .


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After SAP installed , Analysts experienced in BusinessProcess Re-engineering (BPR) , who are alsoconfiguration experts, customize the modules to meet theCorporation's need, or help the corporation change it's

business practices to achieve the most efficiency out of SAP.This configuration does not usually involveprogrammers, but is instead done by Business Analysts.When the configuration process is nearing completion,the programmers ( Called ABAPers - specialists inABAP/4) are brought in to extend any part of SAP thatcan not be configured to meet the needs of thecorporation.

Where do you fit in ?


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MM SD FI PP

ABAP/4

OPERATING SYSTEM

BASIS


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Client / Server Principles

According to SAP terminology, a service is one that is offered by asoftware component (software-Oriented view). Such a component canconsist of aprocess (see message server process) or a group Of processes, which is then calledserver for the corresponding service.Software components, that utilize the service, are calledclients . Suchclients can also be servers for Certain servicesOften it can be a computer that is understood asserver , one on whichsoftware components run that Offer certain services (hardware- orientedview).The SAP system is understood as the totality of all software componentsthat are allocated to the same database.


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Data Base Changes Batch Processing

Central DB

User Interaction

Application Logic

(Stores all Data andApplication Programs)

Reading DataBase andUpdatingBuffer

Central DB buffer

Central DB buffer

Output Data toUser

Output Data toUser

Input DataFrom User

Client Server Structure Three Levels


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R/3 Client/Server- Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy

Database

Application

Presentation

Central DB(stores all data andApplications programs)

Access to DB:Read /writedata

Input / OutputOf data to users


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Presentation Layer

The presentation layer is the portion of SAP R/3 with which usersinteract directly.

Displays information to usersTransfer data entered by users to the application server layer

Consists of the SAP R/3 Graphical User Interface Program (SAP-GUI)

Supported by PC, Mac or workstationsProvides the user with the screens ( ie. Menus, toolbars, and function keys) required

to process SAP R/3 transactionsProvides that same Look and feel to all users, regardless of the platform.


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Application Layer

Application servers that run programsPrograms manipulate data provided by the user and the database

Associated servers that support applications

Run background programs, make database changes, format data for printing, route messages between servers, manages locking for SAPobjects, etc

Server DistributionProcessing workload spread among multiple servers (load balancing)Some shared, central directories are required, such as start-up and systemprofiles and the central system log


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Database Layer

The relational database system used by all application serversStores the SAP application programs and data A SAP technology that overlays the database vendors database

management functionsCurrent SAP architecture is oriented towards a central database server


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SAPGUIPRESENTATIONSERVER

Dispatcher

7

3 6

Workprocess

1

2 RequestQueues

SAPbuffers

PAGEMAINMEMORY

ROLL

APPLICATIONSERVER

DatabaseDATABASE SERVER

45


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ABAP/4 Dictionary

Transactions

ABAP/4 Editor

Menu Painter

Screen Painter

Translation menu

Object Browser

FunctionLibrary ABAP/4


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OK !Lets get straight into ABAP/4


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SAP AG

A dvanceddvanced B usinessusiness

P rogrammingrogrammingA pplicationpplication

/4

The ABAP/4 Programming Language

Overview of ABAP


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ABAP/4

Advanced Business Application Programming - 4 th generationLanguage.

ABAP/4 is the backbone of SAP R/3.

All the R/3 applications and parts of Basis system weredeveloped in ABAP/4.

Overview of ABAP


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Copyright 2004 Slide 20S A P A G

A B A P /4 D e v e lo p m e n t W o r k b e n c h A rc h ite c tu r e

R u n t i m eR u n t i m eR u n t i m e

D e v e l o p m e n tD e v e l o p m e n tD e v e l o p m e n t

Overview of ABAP


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The ABAP/4 Development Workbench providesaccess to Sap's development tools which cover theentire software development cycle.

These tools can be used both for customer-specificdevelopments and enhancements to R/3 applications

supplied by SAP.All applications created with the ABAP/4

Development Workbench can run without further modifications on any platforms, database systems andgraphical user interfaces supported by SAP.

Overview of ABAP


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ABAP Development Work Bench

consists of many tools for like ABAPEditor, Screen Painter, Function Builder,Menu painter for you to create or writePrograms like Reports or Screens or Menus etc ...

Typically as a ABAP Developer you willbe working on the above said Tools todesign, develop and test any programswhich include Reports, Screens, Menuthat you might want to implement in

SAP. During the Period of the Course youwill be guided and taken through thetools one by one.

Overview of ABAP


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ABAP/4 Program Objects.

S A P A G

Glob a l da t a

P B O m o d u le s

PA I m o d u l e s

S u b r o u t i n e s

S c r e e n s

G U I s t a tu s

Inc ludes

Transac t ions

D e v e l o p m e n t c l a s s

P r o g r a mDev . c la s s ob jec t t ypes

Dic t iona ry ob jec t s

P r o g r a m s

F u n c t io n g r o u p s

Inc ludes

Transac t ions

Log ica l da t abases

M e s s a g e c l as s e s

...

A B A P /4 P ro g r a m O b je c ts

Overview of ABAP


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Development Class

To create a program, you first specify a development class.Development classes are containers for objects in the same area. Acommon transport route is defined for all objects within adevelopment class. Customer-specific development classes beginwith Y or Z.

If you are creating a test object which you do not want to betransported, choose local private objects. The development class isthen set to $TMP.

You then specify the name of the new program. To proceed, clickthe radio button Program and choose Display .

Overview of ABAP


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Overview of ABAP

Development Class

If you are creating a object which needs to be transported toproduction System from Development System, then choose theappropriate development class and then Click Save, then thesystem will ask for the request No under which your program

needs to stored. At this point you can either specify the transportrequest number provided by system administrators or create your own request.


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Overview of ABAP/

Transport Organizer


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Workbench requests record changes made to ABAP Workbench

objects. There are local and transportable Workbench requests.(Local Workbench requests have the target system .)

The development class of the object and the transport routesettings in the Transport Management System determine whether changes are recorded in a local or a transportable Workbenchrequest .

Overview of ABAP


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Copyright 2004 Slide 28Transaction se09

Overview of ABAP


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ABAP/4 Interfaces

Overview of ABAP


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ABAP/4 Interfaces Uses: When you use ABAP/4 Data interfaces, asequential dataset is generated in the sourcesystem . This is read into the target system by the

data transfer program and imported automaticallyinto the R/3 database using batch input, calltransaction or direct input.

ABAP/4 contains statements for theimplementation of Communication interfaces likeRFC/BAPI, OLE which typically connects R/3 withNon R/3 system for establishing a transactionover the Net.

Overview of ABAP


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As an ABAP Developer

Majority of the work during and after implementation of R/3 will be Report programming, Dialog programming,BDC, Enhancements using ABAP/4 ProgrammingLanguage.

In reporting you use the ABAP/4 Open SQL to read datafrom the R/3 database. A report consists of a selectionscreen, on which you define the dataset you wish todisplay, and a list, which displays the data itself. Ininteractive reporting, the user can navigate from the

(basic) list to details lists at runtime. Typically, reportsmerely read data from the database. However, it is alsopossible to make changes in the database using a report .

Overview of ABAP


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Dialog Programming In dialog programming you use the Screen Painter to createscreens and program the sequence in which they appear. Youwrite an ABAP/4 program (ABAP/4 module pool) for your screens. This is a collection of dialog modules which are calledby the flow logic of your screens. You use dialog programs for both reading and changing database tables.

Overview of ABAP


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Batch Data Communication (BDC)

Batch Data Communication (BDC) offers transferring of data intothe SAP System from other SAP Systems and non-SAP Systems(legacy systems).

For example, the data collection in some areas of your company isstill performed by a non-SAP system like VB-SQL or Java-Oracleetc. You can still consolidate all of your data in the SAP System byexporting the data from the other system and reading it into the SAPSystem with batch input.

Overview of ABAP


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SAP Scripts

SAP script is the tightly integrated text management system of the SAP R/3 System.

It will therefore be used for many different text-processing tasksall over the SAP System. Example:

SAP script is used for incorporating thecompany logo in forms sets. SAP Script can be used for printing the Sales order or thepurchase order in the company given pre printed format.

Overview of ABAP


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Enhancements

SAP offers a broad range of functionalitywithin its business application suite.

If standard applications do not offer some

of the functionality you need, You dont have to Panic!!

R/3 provides the flexibility to Add-on/Bolt-onany application to its standard functionalityThis facility is called Enhancement and called as User

Exits, Menu Exits, Screen Exits and Function Exits. Enhancement offers better alternative to theproblem-ridden modification approach .

Overview of ABAP

f


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Before going to Next topic, Lets browse some importanttransactions in ABAP Development Workbench like

ABAP Editor(se38) : used for Writing Report programs..etc

Object Navigator(se80) : used for Creating Screens and/or Transactions or Development Class or navigation purpose ..etc

Function Builder(se37): used for Writing Functions which can befurther used in Report programs or Screen programming.. etc.

Data Dictionary(se11) : Used for Database Table handling.. etc.

Overview of ABAP

f


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Overview of ABAP

S A P A G

A B A P /4 p r o g ra m

s t a t e m e n t

w o r d 1w o r d 1w o r d 1 w o r d 2w o r d 2w o r d 2 w o rd 3w o rd 3w o r d 3

w o r d 4w o r d 4w o r d 4 .

k e y w o r d p a r a m e t e r , f ie l d ,c o n s t a n t

D A T A C O U N T E R T Y P E I .D A T A N A M E ( 2 0 ) .

M O V E 1 T O C O U N T E R . M O V E ' A B C ' T O N A M E .

.

.

. W R I T E N A M E . W R I T E C O U N T E R .

A B A P /4 S y n ta x

Basic Syntax of ABAP

O i f ABAP/ B i S f ABAP


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Overview of ABAP/ Basic Syntax of ABAP

ABAP/4 Syntax

An ABAP/4 program consists of individual statements.Each statement must end with a period.

The first word of a statement is known as the key word.

Words are separated from each other by at least one blank.

Statements can be indented.

Statements can extend over several lines.

O i f ABAP


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You can concatenate several consecutive statements with anidentical first part into a chain statement.

When doing this, conclude the identical first part with a colon.After the colon, separate each concatenated part from the next witha comma.

Blanks can appear before and after the separators (colon, commaor period).

Overview of ABAP

Commenting a ABAP Statement You can insert comments into a program in two ways:

- An asterisk (*) in column 1 flags the whole lineas a comment.

- A quotation mark (") within a line flags theremainder of the line as a comment .

O i f ABAP/ B i S f ABAP


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S A P A G

D ATA: S UM TY PE P, " To t a l s f i e l d C O U N T E R T Y P E P.

* N e w a c c o u n t* I n i t i a l i z e t o t a l s f i e l d

C L E A R S U M .

C o m m e n t s

Overview of ABAP/ Basic Syntax of ABAP

O i f ABAP


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Copyright 2004 Slide 41S A P A G

R

Sys tem Fie lds

System f ie lds

N a m e T y p e Len g th M ea n in gS Y - D A T U M D A T E 8 D a teS Y - U Z E I T T I M E 6 T im eS Y - U N A M E C H A R 1 2 U s e r IDS Y - S U B R C H E X 2 R e tu rn c o d eS Y - R E P I D C H A R 8 P ro g ra m n a m e

S Y - L A N G U C H A R 1 L o g o n la n g u a g e...

for table s t ructure S Y

Overview of ABAP

O i f ABAP


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Overview of ABAP

S A P A G

R E P O R T R S A A A 0 2 C . W R I T E : ' * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ' .

S K I P 2 .

W R I T E : ' D a t e ' , S Y - D A T U M . W R I T E : ' T i m e ' , S Y - U Z E I T .

S K I P 2 . W R I T E : ' * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ' .

ABAP/4 P rog ramm At t r ibu t e

W RITE: In t roduc t ion 1

**********************************************Da te 01 .01 .1996 Time 14 :46 :10

**********************************************

W R IT E S ta te m e n t

O er ie of ABAP


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Overview of ABAP

WRITE outputs the contents of a field or constant in theformat appropriate for the type.

Consecutive WRITE statements output data on the sameline. If there is no more space on one line, the outputcontinues on the next line.

SKIP generates blank lines.

The ABAP/4 processor generates a standard header for each line. This consists of the list title, page number and anunderline.

Write Statement


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When you login to a SAP server

the following screen appears


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Enter the user name & password

Username and password here


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This is the screen you work !


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Select TOOLS

ABAP/4 Workbench

for going into programming area.

Enter SE38 in the spaceand click on tick iconon extreme left for Editor Area - Initial Screen.

Or Use the other Procedure like

This


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This is the famous workbench they talk about

ABAP/4 Development Workbench !

Click on ABAP/4 Editor buttonor enter the windowfor writing progrmas.


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Introduction to ABAP/4 Editor

The ABAP/4 Editor is used to create new code or change existing code. The ABAP/4 editor can check to make sure you use the correct syntax in your program.Once your program is syntactically correct, you can generate, run, and debug your program from the Editor.

To access editor choose Tools ABAP/4 Workbench

Editor .


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You are in the Editor area


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Enter the Name of theProgram you want toStart.

Without giving a nameyou can not proceed.

The name shall start withY or Z


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Specifying the Program Attributes

To enter the program attributes, proceed as follows:1. Enter a title for the program in the field Title. Choose a title which describes the function

of the program.2. Complete the two mandatory fields:

If you are creating a report program, enter 1 in the Type field. If you are creating a

module pool, enter M in the Type field. For a list of possible types, click the possibleentries button.Enter the classification letter for your application in the Application field, e.g. F for Financial Accounting.


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This screen prompts you to enter data


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ATTRIBUTESABAP/4development

Attribute

ABAP/4 program attributes

Type .......................

Status .....................

Application ...........

Class ......................

Reporting

Test

System

Training

1

T

S

SCHU

F4 TypeReport Module pool, interactive programUpdate programInclude

F4 StatusTestProductive useCustomer programSystem program

1:M:V:I:

T:P:K:S:


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Enter the following:

Title for the reportType 1Application *


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Press F11 for saving


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Select Local Object andpress the icon on the left side.


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You Come back to this screen

Press F3 to go back or use Back arrow.


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Click on Change


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To insert more lines for writingprogram.

Place the cursor at theend of first line and pressF7 or click on 5th icon fromLeft on toolbar.


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Now you have completed your first program.

Press CTRL + F2 for checking whether the syntax is right. ( 2 nd Icon from left)

Press F11 or click on open book icon to save.

Press F8 to execute the program you just wrote.


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Congrats

Wish you all the best for your journey with SAP !


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Thank You !

sap abap overview

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