Tribhuvan University

Institute of ForestryB. Sc. Curriculum

PokharaNepal2015

B.Sc. FORESTRY 1st year 1st Sem

Course Code

Course Title Full Marks

Credit Hrs.

Page No.

BSH 301 Forest Botany and Genetics 50 2 1BSH 302 Communication and Technical English 50 2 3BSH 303 Forest Zoology & Mammalogy 50 2 6BSH 304 Mathematics for Forestry 50 2 8BSH 305 Economics 50 2 10BSH 306 Wood Chemistry 50 2 13PWM 307 Biodiversity Conservation and Ecotourism 50 2 16SFM 308 Forest Mensuration I 75 3 19

Total 425 17

FOREST BOTANY AND GENETICSB. Sc. 1st year 1st semester

Course Title:- FOREST BOTANY & GENETICS Course Code:- BSH 301Credit hours:- 2 Lecture hrs. : 40 Full Marks:- 50 (Theory: 40, Practical:- 10)

(Theory- 30, Internal:- 10, Practical:-10)

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: General objective of this course is to be expose students in theory of genetics and systematic botany.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. The course is designed to expose students in plant anatomy to identify plants and

theory of systematic botany.2. To expose students in embryology and systematic botany to able to use to botany in

plant identification and utilization.

UNIT 1. PLANT ANATOMY (4)1.1 Introduction and types of plant tissues

a. Meristematic Tissues & Apical cell theory.b. Permanent Tissues:- Simple, Complex and secretory

1.2 Anatomical structure of Dicot stem.1.3 Normal and abnormal secondary growth of dicot stem

UNIT 2. TAXONOMY (10)2.1 System of classification2.2 Morphphology, Taxonomy and economic importances of following families

a. Magnoliaceac b. Rosaceac c. Dipterocarpaceaed. Myrataceae e. Fagaceae f. Verbanaceaeg. Combretaceae h. Leguminoceaa i. Betulaceaej. Gramineae

UNIT 3. GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING (10)3.1 Genetics – Hardy Weinberg's Principle

a. Concept of Mendalismb. Modifications of Mendel's lawsc. Concept of linkage, crossing over and sex-linked inheritence

3.2 Mutations3.3 Concept of chromosome structure3.4 Concept, types and causes of gene and chromosomal mutation 3.5 Significances of mutation3.6 Polyploidy

3.3 Plant Breeding3.4 Selection3.5 Hybridization

UNIT 4. BIOTECHNOLOGY (6)4.1 Concept, Methods and applications of genetic engineering.4.2 Concept Methods and applications plant tissue culture

4.3 Role of biofertilizers in soil fertility

PRACTICALS (10)1. Study of Transverse Section of Dicot Stem.2. Study of abnormal growth of dicot stem through permanent slides.3. Taxonomic study of angiospermic plants (any one family of theory)4. Herbarium collection atleast 10 plants.5. Field study of plant tissue culture6. Field study of Dendrochronology.

TEXT AND REFERENCES1. Choudary , H.D. Elements of plant Breeding.2. Dutta , A.C. Text Book of Botany,3. Eames, Arthur J . and MacDaniels, Laurence H. An Introduction to plant Anatomy4. Lawrence , V.S. Taxonomy of Angiospermic plants.5. Pandey, Surendra Nath. Cytogenetic evolution and plant breeding.6. Saxena. Principles of Genetics.

COMMUNICATION AND TECHNICAL ENGLISHB. Sc. 1st year 1st semester

Course Title: COMMUNICATION AND TECHNICAL ENGLISH Course Code: BSH 302Credit Hours: 2 Lecture hrs. : 40 Full Marks: 50 (Theory: 50)

(Final Theory : 40, Internal Theory: 10)

GENERAL OBJECTIVE : To equip students with knowledge and skills of Technical Communication in English through intensive and extensive reading materials and make them proficient in written as well as oral communication in English through exposure to and practices in rhetorical principles to enable them to communicate technical information effectively and competently in writing and speech with confidence to a variety of audiences.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES :1. To expose the students to a variety of subjects written in English to

give them examples of English in context, and to give them opportunities to read and use English for education and communication.

2. To teach the students new language items and reading skills.3. To impart knowledge of rhetorical principles to the students and

equip them with skills in technical writing and oral communication of technical information.

4. To prepare the students to pursue their regular courses in English5. To enable them to communicate confidently and competently in

English Language in all spheres.

UNIT 1. READING (15 )1.1 Intensive Reading

Intensive reading strategies; note taking; summary/précis writing1.2 Extensive Reading

Extensive reading strategies and skill development 1. Why Go to University? (Nissani)2. A 1996 Commencement Speech. (Rushdie)3. The Brave Little Parrot. (Nepal, adapted by Martin)4. No Smoke From the Chimenys. (Shrestha)5. Marriage is a Private Affair. (Achebe)6. Don't Cut Down The Trees, Brother Woodcutter. (Sama)7. The Lunatic (Devkota)8. How Save Are We? (Chaudhary)9. The Making of a Scientist. (Ramchandrah)10. Scientific Inquiry Invention & Test (Hempel)11. Keeping Errors at Bay. (Russell)12. What Is Intelligence, Anyway? (Asimov)13. Piano (Lawrence)14. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. (Frost)15. Where the Mind is Without Tear. (Tagore)

UNIT 2. FUNDAMENTALS OF TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION (3)

Introduction to communication, communication process, effective communication (verbal/ non verbal); technical writing defined, technical versus non-technical writing, attributes of good technical writers, qualities of good technical writing

UNIT 3. AUDIENCE ADAPTATION (2)Analyzing audience’s needs and point of view, providing needed background (defining terms, explaining concepts, helping the readers through your report)

UNIT 4. ACHIEVING A READABLE STYLE (5)Care in word choice, active verbs, active versus passive voice, first person point of view, concrete words and specific language, pomposity, empty words, sexist words, sentence length, sentence complexity and density

UNIT 5. WRITING TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS (5)5.1 Writing technical reports: Variable nature of reports, liability and report writing,

general structure of a research report, writing research reports 5.2 Writing proposals: Solicited and unsolicited proposals, internal and external proposals,

proposal formats—informal and formal formats, writing research proposals5.3 Visual aids (2)

Purpose of visuals, choosing graphics, integrating text and visuals5.4 Documentation (3)

When do you document? What do you document? Systems of documentation, general rules, parenthetical notes, footnotes and endnotes, MLA and APA, plagiarism

5.5 Oral Presentation of Technical Information (5)Oral reports defined, difference between oral and written reports, choosing the best delivery (impromptu delivery, memorized delivery, read delivery, extemporaneous delivery), preparing extemporaneous delivery; giving extemporaneous delivery); technical talk

.HOME WORK1. Developing Writing Competence :

a. Writing technical reportsb. Writing proposals

2. Oral reports, technical talk

TEXT AND REFERENCES1. Board of Editors. Contemporary Communicative English for Technical Communication.

Pearson Longman, 20102. Donna Gorrel. A Writer’s Handbook from A to Z. Allyn &Bacon, A Division of Simon

and Schuster, Inc., Needham Heights, MA 02194, 19943. Dumont, Raymond and John M. Lannon. Business Communications. Scott, Freshman

and Company, Glenview, Illinois. 19904. Flax – Golden Tales [An Interdisciplinary Approach To Learning English] –Nissani, Moti

& Lohani, Shreedhar. [Shorter Edition 2013]5. Houp, Kenneth W., Thomas E. Pearsall, & Elizabeth Tebeaux.. Reporting Technical

Information. Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, Massachusetts. 19956. Lannon, John M. Technical Writing. Scott, Freshman and Company, Glenview, Illinois,

1988. 7. Lanon, John M. Technical Communication. Pearson/Longman, 2008

8. Mitra, Barun K.. Effective Technical Communication: a guide for scientists and engineers. Oxford University Press. 2006

9. Raman, Meenakshi, Sharma, Sangeeta. Technical Communication Principles and Practice. Oxford University Press, 2004

10. Singh, Abadhesh. Essentials of Technical Communication. Memorial Center of Excellence (MemCoE), Institute of Forestry, Pokhara. 2013

11. Stratton Charles. Technical Writing Process and Product. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1984.

FOREST ZOOLOGY AND MAMMALOGYB.Sc. 1st Yr. 1st Semester

Course title: FOREST ZOOLOGY AND MAMMALOGYCourse Code: BSH 303Credit hours: 2 Lecture hrs. : 40Full Marks: 50 (Theory: 40, Practical: 10)

(Final Theory : 30, Internal Theory : 10, Practical : 10)

GENERAL OBJECTIVE : This course has been designed to familiarize students with the vital roles and activities of forest dwelling animals.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES : After completion of this course, the students will be able to;1. Classify different animals in different groups with respect to forestry.2. Be familiar with the pheasants of Nepal.3. Be familiar with the important mammalian fauna of Nepal and their status.4. Understand the structural, functional and environmental adaptations of mammals.

UNIT 1. NON CHORDATES (5)1.1 Basic characteristics, classification and economic importance of Phylum – Annelida

& Arthropoda with examples.1.2 Structure, body segmentation, head, eyes, types of antenna, wings and types of mouth

parts of insects.

UNIT 2. CLASS - AVES (5)1.1 Types of birds (Flightless birds and Flying birds)1.2 Importance of feathers in field identification of birds1.3 Important bird areas of Nepal1.4 Economic values of birds1.5 Pheasants of Nepal

UNIT 3. ORIGIN AND RELATIONSHIPS OF MAMMALS (5)3.1 Evolutionary history of mammals (Area, climate and evolution)3.2 A family tree of the mammals3.3 Characteristics of mammals3.4 Classification of mammals upto orders (Living orders) with important families and

their examples.3.5 A brief account of mammals in Nepal

UNIT 4. STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATIONS OF MAMMALS (5)4.1 Integument and derivatives

4.1.1 Skin4.1.2 Hair4.1.3 Molting and Coloration4.1.4 Derivatives of hair4.1.5 Horns and Antlers4.1.6 Glands of mammals (Sweat, Scent, Sebaceous and Mammary glands)

UNIT 5. FOOD AND FEEDING MECHANISM (4)5.1 Teeth

5.2 Feeding types5.3 Body weight and food consumption5.4 Body temperature regulation

UNIT 6. ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATIONS OF MAMMALS (6)6.1 Adaptations for hot environments6.2 Adaptations for cold environments6.3 Migration6.4 Hibernation6.5 Flight and echolocation6.6 Economic values of mammals6.7 Humans and mammals

PRACTICALS (10)1. Practical note book preparation as regular study2. Animal and sign collection during field visit3. Feathers of birds.4. Jaws, Skulls, Horns and Skins of mammal5. Derivatives of skin in mammals

TEXT AND REFERENCES1. Darlington, Philip J. Jr.: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.

Zoogeography : The Geographical distribution of animals.2. Hickman. Sr., Hickman Jr., Hickman, Roberts: Integrated Principles of Zoology sixth

edition 19793. Jordan, E.L. and Verma, P.S.: Invertebrate zoology, Latest edition, S. Chand & Co. Pub.4. Kotpal, R.L., Modern textbook of Zoology, Invertebrates, Rastogi Publication, Meerut,

India. 19925. Kotpal, R.L., Modern textbook of Zoology, Vertebrates; Latest edition, Rastogi

Publication, Meerut, India6. Robert L. Fleming, Sr., Robert L. Fleming, Jr.; Lain Singh Bangdel: Birds of Nepal with

reference to Kashmir and Sikkim; Fourth Impression. Delhi, India7. Shrestha, T.K.: Birds of Nepal, 19778. Shrestha, T.K.: Mammals of Nepal, 1977 9. Verma, P.S.: A manual of practical zoology (Invertebrate, vertebrate). S. Chand & Co.

New latest ed. Delhi, 196810. Villee, Warren F., Walker, Jr., Robert D. Barens: General Zoology sixth edition by

Claude A.

MATHEMATICS FOR FORESTRYB. Sc. 1st year 1st semester

Course Title: MATHEMATICS FOR FORESTRYCourse Code: BSH 304Credit hrs: 2 Lecture hrs. : 40Full Marks: 50 (Final Theory : 40, Internal : 10)

COURSE OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this course is to provide the basic knowledge of calculus, differential equations, vector algebra, two and three dimensional geometry and mensuration.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: After the completion of this course, students will be able to use their mathematical knowledge in their profession.

UNIT 1: DERIVATIVES AND ITS APPLICATION (10)1.1. Limit and continuity1.2. Derivatives, physical and geometrical significance1.3. Techniques of differentiation1.4. Higher order derivatives1.5. Increasing and decreasing functions, concavity, point of inflection, relative maxima

and minima, absolute maxima and minima

UNIT 2: INTEGRATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS (10)2.1. Basic concept2.2. Techniques of integration: method of transformation, substitution method and

integration by parts2.3. Standard integrates2.4. Integration using partial functions2.5. Definite integrates2.6. Numerical integration (Trapezoidal and Simpson's rule)2.7. Area of the plane region, arc length2.8. Volume

UNIT 3: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (4)3.1. Introduction, order and degree of differential equations3.2. Differential equation of first order and first degree.

Solving separation of variable Homogeneous equation and its solution Exact equation and its solution Linear equation and its solution

UNIT 4: VECTOR ALGEBRA (4)4.1. Concept of vectors 4.2. Product of two vectors4.3. Product of three or more variables

UNIT 5: TWO DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (4)5.1. Review of circle

5.2. Conic sections: Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola

UNIT 6: THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (4)6.1. Concept of coordinates in space 6.2. Direction cosines and direction ratios6.3. Plane

UNIT 7: MENSURATION (4)7.1. Area of triangle, parallelogram, quadrilateral and circle7.2. Surface area and volume of sphere, right circular cone and right circular cylinder

TEXT AND REFERENCES1. Chakravarti, J.C.; Arithmetic2. Panta, G.D. and Shrestha, G.S.; Integral Calculus and Differential Equations,

Sunita Prakasan, Bhotahity.3. Shrestha, K.K. Fundamental of Engineering Mathematics, Ozone Books,

Pokhara.4. Shrestha, K.K. and Thakurathi, R.K. Applied Mathematics, Buddha Academic

Publishers and Distributors, Kathmandu.5. Shrestha, M.B. X and Bajracharya, B.C.; Differential Calculus, Sakunda

Publication, Bhotahity.6. Sthapit, Y.R. and Bajrachary B.C. Three Dimensional Geometry.7. Thomas, George B., Finney, Ross L. Calculus and Analytical Geometry, Wiley

Eastern Publication.

ECONOMICSB.Sc. 1st year 1st Semester

Course Title: ECONOMICSCourse Code: BSH 305Credit hours: 2 Lecture hrs. : 40Full Marks: 50 (Final Theory : 40, Internal Theory : 10)

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course, the students will be able to understand and apply the theories and principles of micro economics and concept of macro economics to planning, management and decision- making schemes at various levels in the natural resources sector.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course, the students will be able to:1. Basic concept of central economic problem and demand & supply analysis.2. Apply knowledge of microeconomic theories in analyzing the behavior of individuals

and organizations.3. Demonstrate an understanding of the theory of production and product pricing in

different markets.4. Basic idea to calculate national income and contribution of natural resource in

national economy.

UNIT 1. INTRODUCTION (2)1.1 Concept of Economics Science – Wealth, Material welfare and Scarcity &

choice1.2 Concept and Subject Maters of Micro economics

UNIT 2. THEORY OF DEMAND, SUPPLY & MARKET EQUILIBRIUM (6)

2.1 Meaning & concept of demand2.2 Demand function and determinants of demand 2.3 Law of demand, demand schedule and curve (Individual & market)2.4 Elasticity of demand - price, income and cross elasticity of demand2.5 Measurement of price elasticity of demand by point & arc method2.6 Concept of Supply & Supply function2.7 Law of supply, supply schedule and supply curve2.8 Determinant factors of supply & Elasticity of supply2.9 Market Equilibrium & Price Determination

UNIT 3. THEORIES OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR (7) 3.1 Cardinal utility analysis – concept of total and marginal utility3.2 Law of diminishing marginal utility and Law of Equi-marginal utility 3.3 Derivation of demand curve & concept of consumer surplus3.4 Concept of Ordinal utility analysis or indifference curve(IC) approach3.5 Derivation of IC, Principle of MRS, IC map & properties of IC3.6 Budget line and causes to shifting the budget line3.7 Equilibrium of the consumer in IC analysis 3.8 Income effect, Price effect, and substitution effect3.9 Derivation of the demand curve under IC analysis

UNIT 4. THEORY OF PRODUCTION (6) 4.1 Meaning and concept of production

4.2 Concept of factor inputs and their returns 4.3 Production functions – long run and short run 4.4 Concept and derivation of TP, AP and MP4.5 Law of variable proportions4.6 Concept of iso-quant and iso-cost line4.7 Producer’s equilibrium & least cost combination4.8 Laws of returns to scale (Increasing, constant & decreasing)

UNIT 5. COST AND REVENUE CURVES (5)5.1 Concept of money cost, real cost, implicit and explicit cost and

opportunity cost 5.2 Concept of Short run cost -Fixed cost, Variable cost and Total cost curves.

5.3 Derivation of AVC, AFC, AC & MC curves in short run5.4 Concept of long run cost-derivation of LRAC and LRMC curves5.5 Concept perfect and imperfect competition markets5.6 concept of revenue- TR, AR and MR5.7 Derivation of TR, AR and MR curves – under perfect competition and

monopoly

UNIT 6. FIRM EQUILIBRIUM AND PRODUCT PRICING (6) 6.1 Equilibrium of firm (TR & TC and MR & MC approach)6.2 Meaning & features of perfect competition market6.3 Price determination under perfect competition6.4 Price and output determination under perfect competition in long run &

short run6.5 Meaning and features of imperfect markets6.6 Price and output determination under monopoly in long run and short run6.7 Price determination under monopolistic competition in long run and short

run

UNIT 7. NATIONAL INCOME (8)7.1 Concept, Meaning & Subject matters of Macro Economics 7.2 National income Meaning & Concepts: GDP, GNP, NNP, NI, PI, DI, Per

capita income7.3 Methods of measuring national income: Product, income and expenditure 7.4 Difficulties in measuring national income7.5 Concept & meaning of Consumption Function7.6 Concept & meaning of Investment Function

TEXT AND REFERENCES1. Ahuja, H.L. Advanced Economic Theory 2. Chopra, P.N. Principles of Economics3. Dwette, K.K. Modern Economic Theory 4. Dwivedi, D. N. Microeconomics: Theory and Policy 5. Economic survey, HMG Nepal6. Jhingan, M.L. Macroeconomic Theory7. Joshi, Prof. Dr. Shyam. Business Economics

8. Koutsoyiannis, A. Modern Microeconomics 9. Mankiew and Gregory, N. Micro and Macroeconomics 10. Shrestha, Prof. Rajendra Gopa. Macro Economics11. Shrestha, Prof. Rajendra Gopal. Micro Economics 12. Watson, Donald Stevenson and Getz, Malcolm, Price Theory and its Uses 13. www.cbs.org 14. www.npc.org

WOOD CHEMISTRYB. Sc. 1st year 1st Semester

Course Title: WOOD CHEMISTRYCourse Code: BSH 306Credit Hours: 2 Lecture hrs. : 40Full Marks: 50 (Theory: 40, Practical: 10)

(Final Theory : 30, Internal Theory : 10, Practical : 10)

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To understand the basic theory of General Chemistry and their role in forestry particularly in natural products, Phyto-chemistry wood and Green Chemistry.SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course the students will be able to:1. Understand the role and responsibility of Chemistry in natural resources management and

sustainable development2. Exposure to chemistry of natural products like alkaloids, terpenoids and other extractives3. To encourage students to acquire and apply their chemical knowledge in forestry.4. Study and application of in Phyto-chemical analysis tools in forestry sector5. To explain the social, economic, environmental and technological implications of plants

and their uses in various diseases.6. To identify phyto-chemical compositions in forest plants and their uses.7. To understand wood and green chemistry and their roles in forestry sector.8. To generate idea and importance of natural products.

UNIT 1. GENERAL REVIEW OF FUNDAMENTAL CHEMISTRY (4)1.1 General review basic chemistry1.2 Fundamental of organic compounds such as alcohols, phenolics, aldehydes, ketones,

acids, amides, esters, carbohydrates, heterocyclic, aromatic and its application in forestry sector

1.3 Fundamental of inorganic chemistry such as heavy metals, other derivatives used in phyto remedies

1.4 Application of chemical sources in forestry

UNIT 2. PLANT CHEMISTRY (4)2.1 Importance of chemistry in Forestry sector2.2 Major sources of carbohydrate, starch, protein, lipid, essential oils, fats/oils, and their

characteristics.

UNIT 3. ALKALOIDS (4)3.1 Alkaloids: Sources, structure and characteristics 3.2 Biological properties and functions of alkaloids.

UNIT 4. TERPENOIDS AND CAROTENOIDS (4) 4.1 Chemistry of terpenes and terpenoids: mono, di, tri and sesquiterpenes such as pinene,

carotenes. 4.2 Structure of geraniol and camphor, β-carotene and vitamin-A.

UNIT 5. NATURAL DYES (3)5.1 Plant sources of natural dyes; extraction and application plant dyes such as plant or plant

parts: extraction; characteristic and application.

UNIT 6. PHYTO-CHEMISTRY (4)6.1 Role of chemistry in natural resources and product development6.2 Extraction, isolation and purification of important organic compounds from plant

resources.6.2.1 Cold and hot solvent extraction techniques, Thin layer chromatography (TLC)6.2.2 Rf value.6.2.3 Basic introduction about antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-malarial activities

found in selected plants.

UNIT 7. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF WOOD (3)7.1 Introduction of wood chemistry and its role in forestry7.2 Classification and chemical compounds of wood and its basic properties7.3 Major chemical constituents of wood: cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and extractives

UNIT 8. GREEN CHEMISTRY (4)8.1 Definition, basic principles and need of green chemistry.8.2 Environmental friendly uses of plant species as pesticides, insecticide etc.8.3 Emerging techniques in development in green chemistry, photo chemistry microwave

chemistry, sono- chemistry and electro chemistry8.4 Green solvents.

PRACTICAL (10)1) Phyto-chemical screening techniques: Extraction of plants materials, screening of plants

extract such as alkaloids test, phenolic compound, steroid, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids etc.

2) Industrial visit for the manufacturing process of plant products such as rosin and turpentine, essential oil, cutch and katha.

3) Extraction of natural dyes and its application.

TEXT AND REFERENCES1. Agarwal , O. P., Chemistry of Natural Products, Vol-1, and Vol.2, Goel Publishing

House, 1997.2. Anatas, P. T. and Warner, J.C. "Green chemistry: Theory and practice" Oxford

University Press, Oxford.3. Bahl , B.S. Essential of physical chemistry.4. Bhatta , Professor Supriya Kuma. Hand book of aromatic plants, Charjee Pointer

publisher, Jaipur India.5. Chatwal , Gurdeep and Anand, Chemistry of Natural Products, Himalayan Publishing

Co, 2001 6. Colegate , Steven M., Molineux, Russell J. Bioactive natural products, CRS Press.7. Collins, T. J. "Green chemistry, encyclopedia of chemistry” Macmillian, New York.8. De , A.K. Environmental chemistry.9. Finar , I. L., Organic Chemistry, Vol-2, 5th edition, Pearson education, London, 197510. Jain, S.K and Defilipps, R.A. Medicinal plants of India Volume 2. 11. Organic chemistry, Volume 1 and volume 2 by I. L. Finar 12. Prakash , Satya. Advance of inorganic chemistry.13. Rowell, R. (Editor). 2005 Hand book of wood chemistry and wood composites. CRS

Press

14. Sarkar, Satyajit D.; Latif, Zahid and Gray, Alexander I. 2005: Natural Products Isolation

15. Sjostrom, E. 1981. Wood Chemistry. Fundamental and Application Academic Press N. York

16. Stahl, Egon. Thin layar chromatography, a laboratory Handbook. 17. Tuli, G.D. & Soni, P.L Language of chemistry.18. Tundo, P. and Anantas, P.T. "Green chemistry: challenging Perspective "Oxford

university press, Oxford

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ECO-TOURISMB.Sc. 1st year 1st Semester

Course Title: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ECO-TOURISMCourse Code: PWM 307Credit hours: 2 Lecture hrs.: 40Full Marks: 50 (Theory: 40, Practical: 10)

(Final Theory : 30, Internal Theory : 10, Practical : 10)

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Students will gain general knowledge about wildlife and eco-tourism.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of this course, the students will be familiar with:

1. Definitions of important technical terms related to biodiversity, wildlife, ecotourism and conservation

2. Basic concepts of biodiversity, wildlife, protected areas and eco-tourism3. Present status of wildlife and protected areas, their legal provision and needs for

conservation4. Basic concepts of population dynamics and wildlife habitat5. Status and importance of tourism, ecotourism and their impacts

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION/DEFINITIONS (6)1.1 Definition of important technical terms:

Biodiversity, Conservation/Management, Endangered Species, Critically Endangered Species, Threatened Species, Rare Species, Wildlife Biology, Conservation Biology, Protected Areas, Habitat, Niche, Home Range and Territory, Migration, Dispersion, Edge and Ecotone, Interperssion, Juxtaposition, Carrying Capacity, Buffer Zone, Corridors and Connectivity (Natural and Man Made), Landscape Ecology, Biodiversity Hot Spots, In Situ & Ex Situ Conservation, Ornithology, Mammology

UNIT 2: PROTECTED AREAS AND BIODIVERSITY STATUS (10)2.1 Protected areas of Nepal (NP,WR, HR, BZ, CA) 2.2 Protected wildlife of Nepal (Mammals, Birds, Amphibians and Reptiles)2.3 IUCN and CITES categories of protected areas and wildlife2.4 Ecosystem Biodiversity (Forest land, Rangeland, Wetland, Agriculture land

biodiversity)2.5 Species and Genetic Biodiversity2.6 Wildlife values (positive and negative values)

UNIT 3: CONCEPT OF WILDLIFE POPULATIONS AND SURVEY TECHNIQUES (4)3.1 Population dynamics: natality, mortality, age structure, sex ratio.3.2 Population estimation and survey techniques: Mark and recapture, transect surveys,

pellet group counts (cervids), call counts (birds)

UNIT 4: CONCEPT OF WILDLIFE HABITAT (4)4.1 Concept of habitat, ecosystem, and succession4.2 Habitat types and their importance:

4.2.1 Forests and shrub lands 4.2.2 Grass and range lands 4.2.3 Water bodies and wetlands

UNIT 5: TOURISM AND ECO-TOURISM (6)5.1 Introduction: travel and tourism, dimensions of travel, tourist product 5.2 Growth of tourism in Nepal and world 5.3 Eco-tourism: definition, principles & role & limitations5.4 Eco-tourism activities in natural environment: backpacking and hiking (trekking),

camping, rafting, fishing, hunting, bird watching, jungle walk, elephant and horseback ride.

UNIT 6: ATTRACTION AND SERVICES (6)6.1 Attraction6.2 Type of attraction

6.2.1 Natural: hills, forests, lakes, wildlife 6.2.2 Man-Made: urban Parks, historical sites and monuments, religious sites 6.2.3 Socio-Cultural: hospitality, socio-cultural practices, languages, ethnic groups

(e.g. Sherpas, Gurungs, Tharus)6.3 Facilities and services

6.3.1 Infrastructural facilities and services 6.3.2 Super Structure Facilities & Services

UNIT 7: IMPACTS OF TOURISM (4)7.1 Socio-cultural Impacts7.2 Economic Impacts7.3 Physical Impacts7.4 Impacts on Natural Resource

EXCURSION AND FIELD VISITS 1. Visit local forests, grassland and wetlands and survey birds, mammals 2. Visit local tourist sites and survey tourism facilities, impacts and visitor satisfaction

TEXT AND REFERENCES1. Collier, A. Principles of Tourism2. Dasmann, Raymond F. Wildlife Biology3. GoN (2014). Nepal National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2014-2020. MFSC4. Kattel, B., Heinen, J.T., and Mehta, J.N. National Parks and Administration5. Lakhey, S. P. (2013). Wildlife Conservation and Management in Nepal.6. Majapuria, T.C. & Majupuria R.K. (2006). Wildlife and Protected Areas of Nepal7. Matheison, J. and Wall, G. Tourism's Economic, Physical and Social Impacts8. Mill and Morrison. The Tourism System9. Shaw, James H. Introduction to Wildlife Management

FOREST MENSURATION IB.Sc. 1st year 1st semester

Course Title: FOREST MENSURATION ICourse Code: SFM 308Credit hours: 3 Lecture hrs. : 60Full Marks: 75 (Theory 60, Practical 15) (Final Theory : 45, Internal Theory : 15, Practical : 15)

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course students will gain general knowledge about principles and practices of forest measurement.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of this course, the students will be able to:1. Measure standing and felled trees.2. Prepare local volume table and use different volume tables3. Execute forest inventory.4. Demonstrate an understanding of increment.5. Calculate growing stock

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION (2)1.1 Definition of forest mensuration1.2 Objectives of forest mensuration1.3 Importance of forest mensuration

UNIT 2: MEASUREMENT OF STANDING TREES (18)2.1 Diameter measurement and its importance

2.1.1 Diameter at breast height and its importance 2.1.2 Rules of dbh measurement

2.1.3 Diameter caliper and diameter tape, their use, advantages and disadvantages2.2 Height measurement and its importance

2.2.1 Definition of different tree height (Total height, bole height, standard timber bole height, crown height, crown length)

2.2.2 Importance of height measurement 2.2.3 Principal of height measurement

a. Trigonometric principalb. Geometric principal of similar triangle

2.2.4 Methods of height measurement 2.2.4.1. Non instrumental (Ocular, shadow method, single pole method) 2.2.4.2. Instrumental method

a. Abney’s levelb. Clinometersc. Christian hypsometer

2.2.5 Measurement of height of vertical trees on plane areas2.2.6 Measurement of height of vertical tree on sloped areas2.2.7 Sources of error in height measurement

2.3 Measurement of bark 2.3.1 Bark thickness2.3.2 Bark percent

2.4 Measurement of crown2.4.1 Crown diameter

2.4.2 Crown depth and crown height2.4.3 K/d ratio2.4.4 Crown surface area2.4.5 Crown volume2.4.6 Foliage2.4.7 Crown position and crown form

2.5 Forms of trees 2.5.1 Metzger’s theory2.5.2 Form factors2.5.3 Form quotients

UNIT 3: MEASUREMENT OF FELLED TREES & FUELWOOD (5)3.1 Measurement of logs

3.1.1 Measurement of length, diameter, sectional areas and basal area of logs.3.1.2 Different formulae for the calculation of volume (Newton's, Huber's, Smalian's, and Quarter Girth) of logs.3.1.3 Calculation of volume of sawn timber

3.2 Measurement of fuelwood3.2.1 Calculation of stacked volume of fuelwood3.2.2 Calculation of solid volume of fuelwood

UNIT 4: VOLUME TABLE (5)4.1 Definition of volume table and their types4.2 Preparation of Local Volume Table by graphical method4.3 Uses of volume table

UNIT 5: FOREST INVENTORY (11)5.1 Definition and scope of forest inventory

5.1.1 Definition of terms (sampling, sample, sampling intensity, sampling unit, population, sampling frame, sampling error, non sampling error)

5.2 Types of inventory5.2.1 Total enumeration5.2.2 Partial enumeration (Sampling)

5.2.2.1 Random samplinga. Simple random samplingb. Stratified random sampling

5.2.2.2 Non-random sampling a. Line plot samplingb. Strip samplingc. Stratified sampling

5.3. Calculation of growing stock and annual allowable cut

UNIT 6: INCREMENT (4)6.1 Definition and types of increment

6.1.1 Basic concept of DBH, height and volume increment 6.1.2 Concept of CAI and MAI6.1.3 Estimation of increment e.g. diameter growth percentage, volume growth

percentage

PRACTICALS (15)1. DBH measurement of standing trees using caliper and tape.2. Height measurement of standing tree on plane and slope areas.3. Log volume calculations4. Preparation of Local Volume Table by Graphical method (From basic field data and

derivation from General Volume Table).5. Line plot sampling6. Estimation of growing stock

TEXT AND REFERENCES1. Avery, T.E. and Burkhart, H.E. (1983). Forest Measurements, McGraw – Hill Book

Company, New York, USA2. Department of Forest. (2061 B.S). Community Forestry Inventory Guidelines,

Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal.3. Husch, B., Beers, T.W., and Kershaw, J.A. (2003). Forest Mensuration, Fourth Edition,

John Wiley and Sons, Inc4. Khanna, L.S. and Chaturvedi, A.N. (1982) Forest Mensuration, International Book

Distributors, Rajpur Road, Dehradun, India.5. Philip, M.S. (1994). Measuring trees and forests. CABI Publishing, CAB International,

London, UK