© ABB

| Slide 1

Wind Farm Best Practice SeriesTechnical Training

AWEA Pre-Show, Orlando, FL May 18, 2015

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 2

Wind Farm Best Practices

Speakers

Dennis McKinley

Director, Wind Power

Solutions NAM

Vythahavya Vadlamani

Senior Consulting

Engineer

Aniruddha Narawane

Transformer Engineering

Manager

Nick Powers

Global Product

Marketing Manger, HVIT

Pat Hayes

Business Development

Manager, Energy Storage

Sameer Kapoor

Sr. BDM,

Power Generation NAM

Clinton Davis

VP, Renewable Solutions

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 3

Wind Farm Best Practices

Optimize output, improve forecasting capabilities

May 18, 2015

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Wind Farm Best PracticesAgenda

Time Topic

1:00 Opening remarks

1:05 Planning for a wind farm: What are the pitfalls to look out for?

1:25 Applications for optimizing the performance of your wind farm:

• Energy efficient transformers

• Substation Service Voltage Transformer

• Grid connectivity, and energy storage

2:25 BREAK

2:40 Applications for improving forecasting capabilities:

• SCADA Solutions

• Enterprise Software

3:20 Question & Answer Session

May 18, 2015

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Preparing for wind farm integrationHow to avoid common pitfalls

Vythahavya Vadlamani, Senior Consulting Engineer

May 18, 2015

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Equipment Failures due to electrical resonances

Interconnection Requirements

Agenda

May 18, 2015

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Equipment failures

Operating beyond capacity, harmonic

loading & overvolatges, DC Currents

Transient Overvoltages: Switching Events,

Parallel resonance

Dynamic Overvoltages

Sub-synchronous resonance (SSR)

Step up

transformer

Surge

arresters

Shunt

capacitor

WTG

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 8

WTG harmonics and voltage distortionWind farm #1 and #2 operating together

6.37%

9.29%

IEEE 519 Voltage Harmonics Limits for 69kV & below

IHD = 3% and THD = 5%May 18, 2015

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| Slide 9

WTG harmonics and voltage distortionWind farm #1 and #2 operating together

2.46% 2.57%

IEEE 519 Voltage Harmonics Limits for 69kV & below

IHD = 3% and THD = 5%May 18, 2015

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| Slide 10

Switching a capacitor bank on high voltage side

Transient overvoltages example

C1

L1

C2

L2

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 11

Transient overvoltages exampleShunt capacitor switching

Plot of 115-kV 40 MVAR capacitor

switching

voltage on 115-kV bus

(maximum peak voltage 1.44 pu)

Plot of 115-kV 40 MVAR capacitor

switching

voltage on 34.5-kV bus

(maximum peak voltage 1.8 pu)

Synchronized closing of circuit breakers and additional arresters on the

collector system can address this issue

May 18, 2015

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Transient overvoltages exampleFeeder switching with shielded cables

Feeder energized on 34.5-kV collector

system

1.85 pu

Surge arresters can limit the transient voltages to an acceptable level

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 13

Load rejection or

interruption

Open-ended lines and

cables

Transmission line and cable

tripping

Dynamic overvoltages

May 18, 2015

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Dynamic overvoltages exampleFeeder de-energizing

Asynchronous generator – Normal

feeder de-energizing

Feeder-side voltage at 34.5 kV Bus with

Grounding Transformer

Asynchronous generator – Normal

feeder de-energizing

Feeder-side voltage at 34.5 kV bus

without Grounding Transformer

Fast grounding switch to close and ground each phase immediately

after opening the feeder can help mitigate the overvoltage

May 18, 2015

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Dynamic overvoltages example contd..Feeder trip with & without grounding transformer

Asynchronous generator – SLG fault at

the station

Feeder-side voltage at 34.5 kV bus with

grounding transformer

Asynchronous generator – SLG fault at the

station

Feeder-side Voltage at 34.5 kV bus without

grounding transformer

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 16

Series Compensated Lines Series Resonance

34.5kV:345 kV

345kV line series

capacitor

bypass

breaker

network

equivalent

WTG

Xline XC

InfiniteBusXGSU

Xd”

𝑓𝑟 = 𝑓𝑏𝑋𝐶𝑋𝐿

𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝑑" + 𝑋𝐺𝑆𝑈 + 𝑋𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒

XC is always less than Xline and XL so fr is less than fb . In other words, the

resonance is sub-synchronous.

Series compensation of a transmission line results in a series resonance.

𝑓𝑏 = 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

𝑓𝑟 = 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 17

Self-excitation of a 100 MW Type 3 wind farm connected radially

through a 60% compensated line

Sub-synchronous InteractionsType 3 Machine

-10

0

10

WT

G C

urre

nton

34.

5kV

[kA

] crowbar command

2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.10

0.5

1

time [s]

spee

d [p

u]

series cap

inserted

May 18, 2015

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1 1.5 2 2.5-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

time [s]

Lin

e C

urr

ent

[kA

]

1 1.5 2 2.5-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

Speed [

pu]

Sub-synchronous PhenomenaSelf-excitation

Example induction generator, running before series capacitor is

inserted.

Capacitor

switched inProtection trip is likely

60 Hz

31 Hz (w1)

7 Hz

(w2)

60 Hz

synchronous

speed

7 Hz

synchronous

speed

May 18, 2015

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Frequency Response

and Regulation

Energy Storage

Requirements

Interconnection Requirements

Powerfactor & Reactive

Power Requirements

Power Ramp Rate

Requirements

Voltage & Frequency Rid-

through Requirements

Shunt Capacitor

Banks

STATCOM’s etc.

Fault performance

May 18, 2015

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Equipment Failures

Parallel Resonance

Voltage Magnification

Step-up Transformer, Surge Arrester, Capacitor

Series Resonance

Current Magnification

WTG

Interconnection Requirements

Conclusions

May 18, 2015

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Optimizing performanceEnergy efficient transformers

Aniruddha Narawane, Transformer Engineering Manager

May 18, 2015

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Step up transformers with higher

efficiency requirements

Occasional extreme load changes

Step up and step down operation

Higher chances of anomalies than a

conventional distribution transformer

Transformers for wind farmsDistribution transformers or….???

May 18, 2015

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BIL

Impedance

Loss limits with other specifications

Type of winding material

DOE regulation

Factors to consider while specifying efficiency

May 18, 2015

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Transformer design can be altered to provide a

solution with reduced no-load, load losses or both.

Improvement in performance (efficiency): Cost

and size

Trade off is required between high efficiency (high

initial cost) and life cycle cost savings (loss

evaluation)

No load loss and load loss reduction

Optimal transformer design

May 18, 2015

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Harmonics

DC current Injection

Resonance

Frequency variation

Back-feeding the transformer

(Inrush)

Conditions which affect the design and efficiency

May 18, 2015

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Optimizing Wind PerformanceStation Service Voltage Transformers

Nick Powers, SSVT Global Product Marketing Manager

May 18, 2015

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Getting Power to Remote Sites

Hard to reach places with less

population, general sparse

distribution but transmission access

Direct connection to transmission is

available to connect the substation

Need high reliability and constant

availability from power source

Strive for cost-effective low-loss

power

Need reliable available substation powerPowering wind power substations with SSVTs

SSVT substation

power

May 18, 2015

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Compact Power Source

Single step HV to LV for substation

power

46kV to 500kV HV Rating

120/240V, 240V, ….600V LV Output

Power rating from 25kVA to 333kVA

Fully rated insulation (oil or SF6 gas)

for system reliability

Small footprint, easily installed

Station Service Voltage Transformer (SSVT)Hybrid from IVTs & Power Transformer

May 18, 2015

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SSVT right-sized power for wind Substation practice – 2 sources of power

Substation Source Options – Pros and Cons

Main power transformer tertiary – Concern over impact of

tertiary cost, higher losses, thru-fault, 3rd Harmonic control

Distribution infrastructure – Remote sites make distribution

less economical, concern on reliability and eco-impact

Small power transformer – Oversized kVA, high losses,

and too expensive for application

Generator or Solar panel – Maintenance intensive and

concern about availability

Station Service VT – High availability, reliable format with

higher cost than inductive VTs due to the Power level

Substation Power Must-Haves

Availability of source and Reliability to keep the lights on

Efficiency of power supply

May 18, 2015

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SSVT designed for efficiencyEfficient solution for wind

Design Format

Unique single transformation HV-LV

High voltage shield design inner bushing

Ground shield between High and Low

Small frame construction vs power

Reduced core size

Total losses less than 1kw for 100kVA (Compared with 4kW for

Power Transformer tertiary)

No need for further transformation and more losses

Very good regulation control for voltage support

May 18, 2015

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SSVT designed for efficiencyRight solution for wind

Compact Power Source

Single step HV to LV for substation power

46kV to 500kV HV fully rated for system reliability

120/240V, 240V, ….600V LV Output

Power rating from 25kVA to 333kVA

Small footprint, easily installed

Reasonable investment

May 18, 2015

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Create dedicated distribution feeder

Higher power output

Reduce voltage drop for longer runs

Up to 1MVA power rating

Up to 138kV in Oil and up to 500kV in SF6

SSVT designed for efficiencyMedium Voltage Output

May 18, 2015

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SSVT designed for efficiencyPossible future solutions for wind?

Value-Added Application-

Construction Use

Dual use – first for construction,

next for station service

Installed to provide power for Farm

build-out

Should have protection preinstalled

for grid protection

Up to 1MVA power rating

(maximum at 230kV)

May 18, 2015

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SSVT designed for efficiencyPossible future solutions for wind?

Value-Added Application- Distributed Generation

Decreases cost for connecting limited generation to grid

Up to 1 MVA capability (at 230kV) in small footprint

Fully integrated substation in SF6 Insulation

May 18, 2015

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Convenient Efficient Power

Eliminates bringing the tertiary out on main power

transformer

Protects Power Transformer

Controls 3rd Harmonics

Saves Expense

Highly reliable and available control power

Connected to HV Line

Not limited by Power Transformer

Economical and Easily sited

Mounts like VT

Direct connected to HV bus

Small footprint

SSVT designed for efficiencyRight solution for wind

Oil-insulated

SF6-insulated

May 18, 2015

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Optimizing performanceGrid connection and energy storage

Pat Hayes, Power Conversion Account Manager

May 18, 2015

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Integrating renewables can be challengingNeed to protect the fleet and the surrounding network

Renewable Plant Grid

Solving problems in the Wind Farm . . .

Grid Interconnection Requirements

Fault Ride Through (LVRT & HVRT)

Power Factor (voltage regulations)

Power Quality (harmonics) & Efficiency

Increase Capacity Factor

And solving problems on the grid . . .

Prevent grid system instability & network imbalances

Provide frequency and voltage control

Reactive power control

Active power regulation

Decrease stress on Existing Assets

Energy

Storage /

Statcom

May 18, 2015

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ABB’s Energy Storage EssPro™ SolutionsApplications & Benefits

Peak Shaving UPS

Load Levelling

Frequency Regulation Voltage Support

Capacity firming

Power Station

Wind power

Solar power

Residential loads

Industrial loads

May 18, 2015

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Power ConversionDefinition of Energy Storage System (ESS)

A solution for storing energy for use at a

later time

Store energy and supply it to loads as a

primary or supplemental source

ESS contains

Inverters that rectify AC energy into

DC to store in the batteries

Then invert DC energy into AC

energy

AC power is connected to the

electrical network at low or medium

Voltage

© ABB

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ABB Energy Storage ExperienceSaft / Cowessess Nation / SRC

(Inside)

Customer needs

400 kW / 744 kWh BESS

Wind Integration.

Customer wanted BESS to smooth out wind

turbine output.

Demand Response

Demonstrate Anti-Islanding functionality

Project Details

Li-ion batteries

Installed in 2012

ABB Scope

400 kW PCS including (2) x 200 kW Indoor units

Includes inverters, dc contactors, ac circuit

breakers, control and external isolation/step-

up transformer to 23kV grid

Saft’s IM 20E Container

(1) X 200 kW / 372 kWHr

May 18, 2015

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ABB Energy Storage ExperienceSaft / Cowessess Nation / SRC BESS

25kV PCC

ABB

EssPro PCS

ABB Vantage

Controller

Customer Communication

& SCADA / PCC INFORMATION

ABB

EssPro PCS

LOAD GRID

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 42

ABB Energy Storage ExperienceSaft / Cowessess Nation / SRC

Courtesy of SRC

May 18, 2015

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Case study results: Canadian wind facilityEnergy storage & power conversion system

Field Results - Smoothing

Volatility was reduced by 64%

Smoothing algorithm based on user

settable ramp rate limitations (i.e. 10%

over 1 minute)

Ramp rates were shown to be limited

by a factor of 20

Improved capacity factor and

availability

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 44

STATCOM unique features & capabilitiesEnhancing power quality and network performance

Dynamic VARs: Delivers continuously variable reactive

current

Speed of Response: Rapidly delivers reactive current

on a sub-cycle basis.

Performance at Low Voltages: Is a current injection

device. Reactive power decreases linearly with voltage

(impedance based system’s reactive power decreases

with voltage squared)

Programmable and Versatile: A STATCOM operates

as a self-sufficient voltage or power factor regulator,

and contains highly programmable control systems with

optional features such as capacitor and reactor bank

control, droops, deadbands, etc.

IGrid

XT

~

=

May 18, 2015

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ABB’s STATCOM solution appliedPREPA Performance Requirements

LVRT Reactive Power Frequency Stability

Support

All generation to remain

online and be able to

ride-through:

0 p.u. voltage at PCC for 600ms

1.4 p.u. voltage at PCC for

125ms

Must support the grid

with reactive current

injection

The total power factor

range shall be from 0.85

lagging to 0.85 leading.

Renewable facilities are

required to provide

frequency response

support similar to

conventional generators

Additionally, renewable

facilities must not

contribute to frequency

instabilities

Limiting ramp rate to

10% of nameplate

output per minute.

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 46

ABB’s STATCOM solution appliedNaguabo, Puerto Rico

A Puerto Rican wind farm required

dynamic reactive compensation support

power factor and voltage control

System comprised of

13 x 1.8 MW wind turbines connected to

a 34.5 kV collector grid for a total

capacity of 23.4 MW

Dynamic simulations showed the ABB

STATCOM voltage control system able

to meet PREPA’s Minimum Technical

Requirements

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 47

ABB’s STATCOM Solution AppliedNaguabo, Puerto Rico

±12 MVAR ABB STATCOM

1 x 5 MVAR Switched

Capacitor Bank

1 x 4 MVAR Reactor

STATCOM system provided

reactive power and voltage

control

Automatically used its rapid

speed of response and

overload to assist in LVRT and

HVRT

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 48

PREPA minimal technical requirementFrequency response & ramp rate control

59.2

59.4

59.6

59.8

60

60.2

60.4

60.6

60.8

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

Po

int

of

Co

ntr

ol F

req

ue

ncy

(H

z.)

BESS Active Power Output (MW)

Frequency Regulation - BESS Output (MW) versus Frequency (Hz) Frequency Response

Frequency regulation on 5%

droop

Major frequency events +/-0.3

Hz

Farm must inject or absorb

real power up to 10% of

nameplate

Speed of response 1 second

Ramp Rate Control

Limit to 10% of farm

nameplate per minute

May 18, 2015

© ABB

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Frequency Response Solution (ESS PCS)Example PCS BESS analysis for wind farm

59.60

59.70

59.80

59.90

60.00

60.10

60.20

60.30

60.40

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Fre

qu

en

cy (

Hz)

Time Step

10 MW PVF - PCC Frequency

MaxFreq MinFreq

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 50

Frequency Response Solution (ESS PCS) PCS BESS analysis for wind farm- areas of operation

59.60

59.70

59.80

59.90

60.00

60.10

60.20

60.30

60.40

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Fre

qu

en

cy (

Hz)

Time Step

10 MW PVF - PCC Frequency

MaxFreq MinFreq

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 51

ABB’s STATCOM Solution AppliedVoltage support for a Micro-grid in Alaska

An Alaskan village on a wind/diesel micro-

grid 30 miles above the arctic circle

required dynamic voltage regulation

Terrain consisting of tundra and

permafrost with little infrastructure in place

The diesel generator was used to provide

reactive power regardless of active power

output

ABB supplied a 1 MVAr STATCOM unit

with transformer for reactive power control

This alleviated the diesel generator,

reducing stress to the micro-grid and

saving fuel costs

ABB’s STATCOM Solution AppliedVoltage support for a Micro-grid in Alaska

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 52

BreakPlease return at 2:40

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 53

Improving forecasting capabilities SCADA Solutions

Sameer Kapoor, Senior Business Development Manager, Power Generation NAM, Greenfield

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 54

Challenges

May 18, 2015

Dispersed and dynamic generation resource impacting planning and forecasting

Scale performance of an environment comprising turbines from multiple manufacturers and various control technologies

Optimize production by improving Turbine performance

© ABB

| Slide 55

Efficient Operations- Turbine

Month DD, Year

|

Sli

© ABB

Group

Ergonomic HMI to visualize all

relevant process data from the plant,

grid connection and weather stations

Improved reaction time through

structuring and visualization of critical

data in a high level displays

© ABB

| Slide 56

Real Time Monitoring- Wind Farm

Month DD, Year

|

Sli

© ABB

Group

IEC based information model for each

turbines

Integration of generation and electrical

systems into a single information model

Efficient engineering and additions of

new farms and new turbines into the

system

© ABB

| Slide 57

Unified Information Flow -Wind Fleet

Month DD, Year

|

Sli

© ABB

Group

Real time monitoring of assets, with HMI

refresh rate of a second

Flexible configuration of data retention

policies

Leverages Big Data for superior insights

into fleet level performance leading to

better decisions

© ABB

| Slide 58

Centralized management

Real Time MonitoringUnified information

modelEfficient operations

Real time monitoring of

assets, with HMI refresh

rate of a second

Integration of generation

and electrical systems into

a single information model

Ergonomic HMI to visualize

all relevant process data

from the farm, grid

connection and weather

stations

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 59

Wind farm/Fleet diagnosticAvailability, performance and condition analysis

Measure and understand

availabilityPerformance analysis

Condition monitoring & root

cause analysis

Dedicated applications to

measure the availability of

turbines

Categorized causes of

turbine downtime

Comprehensive reporting

across the entire portfolio

of plants

IEC 61400-12 based

methodology to calculate

wind turbine performance

Root cause analysis of

underperformance

Comprehensive reporting

across the entire portfolio

of plants

Asset condition monitoring

based on SCADA and/or

specific sensor data

Estimation of failure

occurrence and early

warnings

Root cause analysis of

failures

External Availability

Total Time Availability

Total Unavailability Time

Turbine Availability

Time Performance Indicators

Production (MWh)

179.28

Lost Production (MWh)

59.80239.08

Energy Availability

75%

Lost Production Factor

25%

Producible Energy (MWh)

Capacity Factor

53%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

25%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

97%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

55%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

01/04/20120.00

03/04/20120.00

05/04/20120.00

07/04/20120.00

09/04/20120.00

11/04/20120.00

13/04/20120.00

15/04/20120.00

17/04/20120.00

19/04/20120.00

21/04/20120.00

23/04/20120.00

25/04/20120.00

27/04/20120.00

29/04/20120.00

Energy Production - April 2012

Energy Production - April 2012 Lost Production (MWh)

88%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Capacity Factor - April 2012

Capacity Factor

April 12

Capacity Factor

88%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

January February March April 12 May June July August September October November December

Capacity Factor (%) 2011 Capacity Factor (%) 2012 2 per. Mov. Avg. (Capacity Factor (%) 2011) Linear (Capacity Factor (%) 2012)

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 60

Enterprise SCADA For wind fleet management

Wind Farm Control STATCOM Grid StabilizationSubstationAsset Controllers Energy Storage

ENTERPRISE SCADA SOLUTION

Service & Maintenance Grid operator

Power and price

forecastingPower

management

Real time monitoring

Market operator

Wind Farm Diagnostics

Condition

Monitoring

Modbus IEC104Modbus IEC104 & OPC IEC 61850Modbus

Modbus IEC104Modbus IEC104

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 61

Spinner anemometer iSpin from ROMO Wind

More precise wind speed and direction

measurements as compared to the traditional

nacelle anemometry

Patented concept and data can be wirelessly

transferred to control center

Three Sonic sensors dispersed across

spinners

Precisely measures wind speed & direction.

Future development include turbulence, wind

shear and flow inclination

Independent measuring device & alternate to

nacelle anemometry

Calculated power curve scales potential of

power production from each turbine

Technology

Capabilities

Value

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 62

Yaw misalignment = Lower production

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

0 5 10 15 20

Lo

st P

rod

uctio

n [%

]

Yaw Misalignment [degrees]

Functions of lower production by yaw

misalignments Yaw misalignments Lower production

4° 0.5%

6° 1.1%

8° 1.9%

10° 3.0%

12° 4.3%

16° 5.9%

14° 7.6%

18° 9.5%

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 63

Good yaw control Average yaw control Bad yaw control

Correcting Yaw misalignment

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 64

* No filtering for wind sector or wake. The nacelle anemometer power curve as seen

in SCADA system.

Met-mast (filtered data)iSpinNacelle Anemometer

Turbine performance

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 65

Remote management of renewables

93 renewable energy plants of multiple

types: Wind, Solar, Hydro, Biomass and

Geothermal

North America

Total 1673 MW Total plants 93

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 66

Remote management of renewables

Monitoring and Control Center for

Wind, Solar & Hydro plants

Disaster Recovery Control Center

Italy

Total 3068 MW Total plants 403

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 67

Symphony Plus for Wind

Customer benefits

Symphony Plus for Wind

Integrates all assets into a

single management

system

Provides monitoring, control and forecasting

Enables fleet management and energy trading of

renewables

Improves Operations &

Maintenance of entire fleet

Improves performance of

assets

Global and local support

from a leading technology

provider

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 68

Improving forecasting capabilitiesEnterprise Software

Clinton Davis, VP, Renewable Solutions

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 69

2.2 Billion Unique Forecasts

50 Terabytes of Weather Data

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 70

Evolution of forecasting and operation

Visibility

Visibility & Optimal Control

Predict

Network

Issues

Proactively

Address

Network

Issues

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 71

Challenges requiring investment in solutions

Inaccurate market predictions

Failure to optimize maintenance procedures

Misleading unit performance monitoring

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 72

Market losses

Work crew safety

Asset health

Cost of inefficient business execution

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 73

Variable weather data, along

with the constraints of

renewable assets, makes

forecasting a resource

intensive, error-prone process

Forecasting complexity and

error can grow as the number

of individual units increases

Growing pains

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 74

What can be improved?Wind forecasting lifecycle

PlanningPreparation

& Scheduling

OperatePost

Analysis

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 75

Geographical diversity

Resource aggregation

Joint asset ownership

Unbundling of physical energy and renewable energy

credits

Visibility

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 76

Model from asset

registration to operations

and reporting

Model unique constraints

of renewable energy

Capture unique assets

and their connectivity

Model accuracy drives forecasts

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| Slide 77

Complex renewable transactions and intermittent

output make energy accounting difficult and time

consuming

Enterprise software can enable accurate accounting

and support auditing

Accounting improvements

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| Slide 78

Day-ahead, intra-day and

mid-term forecasts

Monitoring of actual vs.

nameplate (power curve)

vs. forecasted power

production

Wind Power Automatic

Generation Control (AGC)

Energy portfolio

optimization applications

Generation applications

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| Slide 79

Improved planning

Efficient operation & maintenance of fleet

Prediction of future issues allows mitigation plans

Forecasting benefits

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 80

Forecasting in action

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 81

Renewable integration

Demand response

Gotland projectVattenfall, Visby

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 82

30% of Gotland’s electricity comes from locally

produced wind power

Additional 1000 MW Planned

Software used to forecasts wind, load, and

demand response

Grid integration

“Wind- and solar

power is produced far

out in the distribution

grid, presenting great

challenges to power

quality and control of

the grid”

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| Slide 83

Value of Enterprise Software Solutions

Know the cost of getting work

completed

Confidence that your fleet is operating at

peak performance

Work done right ensures quality and

safety

Knowledge

Performance

Quality

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| Slide 84

Wind farm value chain

Plan Wind PowerOperate &

maintain

CollectConnect to

the grid

Control &

manage

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| Slide 85

An overview of ABB in windProducts and solutions from turbines to towns

Wind Turbine

HV Breakers

& Switches

Wind Farm

Collection & BOP

LV Protection &

Control Products,

Turbine Controllers

HVDC

Cables

HVAC

Cables

Offshore

HVDC Station

MV Submarine

Cables

Offshore

Substation

FACTS, SVC,

STATCOM

Grid Connection

& Transmission

Power

Transformers

Power

Transformers

Generators

& Mechanical

MV Dry

Transfomers

DC Converter

Station

Energy

Storage:

- Central

- Substation

- Community

LV & MV

Converters

Control & Aux

Motors & VSDs

Robotic

Paint

Systems

Distribution

Equipment

& Systems Turnkey

& Compact

Substations

HV & MV

Switchgear,

Transformers,

Capacitors,

Sensors,

Controls

Utility

Distribution

Power Systems Consulting, Wind Farm Optimization & Automation, Grid Integration, Communication Networks,

Substation & Distribution Automation, Energy Management

Wind Farm

Controls &

Asset Health

May 18, 2015

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| Slide 86

Questions?

May 18, 2015

© ABB

| Slide 87

Wind Farm Best Practices

Speakers

Dennis McKinley

Director, Wind Power

Solutions NAM

Vythahavya Vadlamani

Senior Consulting

Engineer

Aniruddha Narawane

Transformer Engineering

Manager

Nick Powers

Global Product

Marketing Manger, HVIT

Pat Hayes

Business Development

Manager, Energy Storage

Sameer Kapoor

Sr. BDM,

Power Generation NAM

Clinton Davis

VP, Renewable Solutions

May 18, 2015