AVOIDING PLAGIARISMAVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Joanne F. ChristensenJoanne F. ChristensenAdapted from power points by Adapted from power points by

Marianne F. Bates & Joyce Valenza & WSU HeLIOS ProjectMarianne F. Bates & Joyce Valenza & WSU HeLIOS Project

12th Grade

The Problem of PLAGIARISM:The Problem of PLAGIARISM:

Students who copy may not Students who copy may not realize they have done anything realize they have done anything

wrongwrong

What is plagiarism?What is plagiarism?

Representing someone else’s Representing someone else’s ideas or words as your own.ideas or words as your own.

Plagiarism is:Plagiarism is:

CopyingCopying StealingStealing CheatingCheating DishonestDishonest

You must do your own work AND you You must do your own work AND you must give credit when you use the must give credit when you use the work of others.work of others.

Types of PlagiarismTypes of Plagiarism

DirectDirect-copying something word for -copying something word for word.word.

Self plagiarismSelf plagiarism-handing in a paper -handing in a paper you wrote for another class (without you wrote for another class (without the teacher’s permission).the teacher’s permission).

Types of PlagiarismTypes of Plagiarism

Accidental or unintentional Accidental or unintentional – not – not citing your sources correctly.citing your sources correctly.

CollusionCollusion- - Allowing someone else to Allowing someone else to copy your work or writing something for copy your work or writing something for someone else.someone else.

Intentional PlagiarismIntentional Plagiarism

Copying a friend’s workCopying a friend’s work Buying or borrowing papersBuying or borrowing papers Cutting and pasting blocks of text from Cutting and pasting blocks of text from

electronic sources without documentingelectronic sources without documenting Media “borrowing” without documentationMedia “borrowing” without documentation Web publishing without permissions of Web publishing without permissions of

creators creators

Unintentional PlagiarismUnintentional Plagiarism

Careless paraphrasingCareless paraphrasing

Poor documentationPoor documentation

Quoting excessivelyQuoting excessively

Failure to use your own “voice”Failure to use your own “voice”

ExcusesExcuses

It’s okay if I don’t get caught!

I was too busy to write that paper!

(Job, big game, too much homework!)

My teachers expect

too much!

I’ve got to get into

??? U.!

My parents expect “A”s!

This assignment was BORING!

Everyone does it!

Why Academic Integrity?Why Academic Integrity?

When you copy you cheat yourself. You limit your When you copy you cheat yourself. You limit your own learning.own learning.

The consequences are not worth the risks!The consequences are not worth the risks!

It is only right to give credit to authors whose ideas It is only right to give credit to authors whose ideas you use.you use.

Ethically it is dishonest!Ethically it is dishonest!

Is your academic reputation valuable

to you?

Why Academic Integrity?Why Academic Integrity? Citing gives authority to the information you Citing gives authority to the information you

presentpresent

Citing makes it possible for your readers to locate Citing makes it possible for your readers to locate your sourceyour source

Education is not an “us vs. them” game! It’s about Education is not an “us vs. them” game! It’s about learning to learn!learning to learn!

Cheating is unethical behaviorCheating is unethical behavior

ExampleExample

The QuillThe Quill; 6/1/2004 ; 6/1/2004

Two University of Georgia journalism Two University of Georgia journalism students seemingly plagiarized articles in students seemingly plagiarized articles in

the student newspaper and were not the student newspaper and were not allowed to graduate.allowed to graduate.

Results of PlagiarismResults of Plagiarism

The students failed the journalism course The students failed the journalism course where they plagiarized articles. where they plagiarized articles.

They violated the school's academic They violated the school's academic honesty policy.honesty policy.

They could only graduate if they:They could only graduate if they:– retook the course retook the course – wrote essays on journalism ethicswrote essays on journalism ethics

Another ExampleAnother Example

Daily Briefing: a Digest of Media NewsDaily Briefing: a Digest of Media News, , 2003. 2003.

New York Times reporter Jayson Blair New York Times reporter Jayson Blair shocked many with his admission of shocked many with his admission of

plagiarismplagiarism

and faked reports. and faked reports.

                                                                                  

  

                                                                                  

  

                                                                                  

  

                                                                                  

  

Results of PlagiarismResults of Plagiarism

Questions were raised about Questions were raised about “the culture of the New York Times.” “the culture of the New York Times.”

Editor Howell Raines and Editor Howell Raines and

managing editor Gerald Boyd resigned.managing editor Gerald Boyd resigned.

High School PlagiarismHigh School Plagiarism

““A study of almost 4,500 students at 25 schools, suggests A study of almost 4,500 students at 25 schools, suggests cheating is . . . a significant problem in high school - 74% of cheating is . . . a significant problem in high school - 74% of the respondents admitted to one or more instances of the respondents admitted to one or more instances of serious test cheating and serious test cheating and 72% admitted to serious 72% admitted to serious cheating on written assignments. cheating on written assignments. Over half of the Over half of the students admitted they have engaged in some level of students admitted they have engaged in some level of plagiarism on written assignments using the Internet.”plagiarism on written assignments using the Internet.”

-- Based on the research of Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers -- Based on the research of Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers

UniversityUniversity

Is this important?Is this important?

What if:What if:

Your architect cheated his way through math class. Will your new Your architect cheated his way through math class. Will your new home be safe?home be safe?

Your lawyer paid for a copy of the bar exam to study. Will the contract Your lawyer paid for a copy of the bar exam to study. Will the contract she wrote for you stand up in court?she wrote for you stand up in court?

The accountant who does your taxes hired someone to write his The accountant who does your taxes hired someone to write his papers and paid a stand-in to take his major tests? Does he know papers and paid a stand-in to take his major tests? Does he know enough to complete your tax forms properly?enough to complete your tax forms properly?

--Lathrop and Foss 87--Lathrop and Foss 87

Three Keys to Avoid PlagiarismThree Keys to Avoid Plagiarism

SummarizingSummarizing

ParaphrasingParaphrasing

Using Direct QuotationsUsing Direct Quotations

What is this??What is this??

Information About Bryce CanyonInformation About Bryce CanyonBryce Canyon National Park, which lies in southern Utah, contains some of Bryce Canyon National Park, which lies in southern Utah, contains some of the world's most oddly shaped and beautifully colored rocks. It covers part the world's most oddly shaped and beautifully colored rocks. It covers part of the Grand Canyon Region of the Colorado Plateau. It was named for of the Grand Canyon Region of the Colorado Plateau. It was named for Ebenezer Bryce, a pioneer who settled in the region in 1875. .”Water and Ebenezer Bryce, a pioneer who settled in the region in 1875. .”Water and ice have worn the canyon rocks into odd shapes in numerous shades of ice have worn the canyon rocks into odd shapes in numerous shades of red, pink, copper, and cream. The bright colors change with the sunlight. ”red, pink, copper, and cream. The bright colors change with the sunlight. ” --World Book Encyclopedia

“The erosional force of frost-wedging and the dissolving power of rainwater have shaped the colorful limestone rock . . . into bizarre shapes including slot canyons, windows, fins, and spires called "hoodoos." . . These whimsically arranged rocks create a wondrous landscape of mazes, offering some of the most exciting and memorable walks and hikes imaginable.”

--National Park Service

Finding KeywordsFinding Keywords

national parknational park colored rockscolored rocks

southern Utahsouthern Utah Ebenezer BryceEbenezer Bryce

18751875 water and icewater and ice

odd shapes odd shapes sunlightsunlight

frost-wedgingfrost-wedging rain waterrain water

““hoo-doos”hoo-doos” mazesmazes

Using Keywords To Using Keywords To SummarizeSummarize

Use your own words and synonymsUse your own words and synonyms

Use common information from multiple Use common information from multiple sourcessources

Write main ideasWrite main ideas

ShortenShorten

Ready, Set, Write!Ready, Set, Write!

Now, using your Now, using your keywords, write a few keywords, write a few sentences sentences summarizing what you summarizing what you have learned about have learned about Bryce Canyon. Make Bryce Canyon. Make it sound like you—not it sound like you—not like an encyclopedia or like an encyclopedia or a book. a book.

Information About Bryce CanyonInformation About Bryce CanyonBryce Canyon Bryce Canyon National ParkNational Park, which lies in , which lies in southern Utahsouthern Utah, contains some of the , contains some of the world's most oddly shaped and beautifully world's most oddly shaped and beautifully colored rockscolored rocks. It covers part of the . It covers part of the Grand Canyon Region of the Colorado Plateau. It was named for Grand Canyon Region of the Colorado Plateau. It was named for Ebenezer BryceEbenezer Bryce, a , a pioneer who settled in the region in pioneer who settled in the region in 18751875. .”. .”Water and iceWater and ice have worn the canyon have worn the canyon rocks into rocks into odd shapes odd shapes in numerous shades of red, pink, copper, and cream. The in numerous shades of red, pink, copper, and cream. The bright colors change with the sunlight. ”bright colors change with the sunlight. ” --World Book Encyclopedia

“The erosional force of frost-wedging and the dissolving power of rainwater have shaped the colorful limestone rock . . . into bizarre shapes including slot canyons, windows, fins, and spires called "hoodoos." . . These whimsically arranged rocks create a wondrous landscape of mazes, offering some of the most exciting and memorable walks and hikes imaginable.”

--National Park Service

In 1875, Ebenezer Bryce discovered a canyon of uniquely shaped rocks. These rocks were orange, red, and many other colors. This canyon later became Bryce Canyon National Park, located in the southern end of Utah. The effects of erosion from wind, rain and frost caused these formations. It created mazes, slot canyons and spires. Visitors to Bryce Canyon enjoy viewing the beautiful scenery and hiking through the colorful rock canyon.

My SummaryMy Summary

What can we find out about this What can we find out about this topic?topic?

What is Chocolate?What is Chocolate?

Chocolate is a food made from the seeds of a tropical Chocolate is a food made from the seeds of a tropical tree called the tree called the cacao cacao [[kuh-KOW].. Botanists believe the Botanists believe the cacao tree originated between southern Mexico and the cacao tree originated between southern Mexico and the Amazon River Basin in South America. Amazon River Basin in South America. . . .. . .

Chocolate manufacturers receive many types of beans. Chocolate manufacturers receive many types of beans. They blend them to yield the flavor and color desired in They blend them to yield the flavor and color desired in the final product. The first steps in processing the beans the final product. The first steps in processing the beans include cleaning, roasting, hulling, blending, and include cleaning, roasting, hulling, blending, and grinding. . .grinding. . .

ChocolateChocolate products are all manufactured from chocolate products are all manufactured from chocolate liquor. They include baking chocolate, cocoa, milk liquor. They include baking chocolate, cocoa, milk chocolate, and sweet and semisweet chocolate.chocolate, and sweet and semisweet chocolate.

--World Book Encyclopedia--World Book Encyclopedia

Secrets of ParaphrasingSecrets of Paraphrasing

Use your own wordsUse your own words

Use different sentence structure and phrases than Use different sentence structure and phrases than the source usesthe source uses

Use paraphrasing to avoid quotingUse paraphrasing to avoid quoting

Keywords may also be helpful in paraphrasingKeywords may also be helpful in paraphrasing

Sweet Keywords…….Sweet Keywords…….

seedsseeds cacaocacao

MexicoMexico South AmericaSouth America

manufacturers manufacturers steps steps

processingprocessing productsproducts

liquorliquor

Ready, Set, Write!Ready, Set, Write!

Now, using your Now, using your keywords, write a few keywords, write a few sentences sentences paraphrasing the paraphrasing the information you have. information you have. If you paraphrase If you paraphrase correctly, it will sound correctly, it will sound like you—not like an like you—not like an encyclopedia. encyclopedia.

What is Chocolate?What is Chocolate?““

““Chocolate is a food made from the Chocolate is a food made from the seedsseeds of a tropical of a tropical tree called the tree called the cacao cacao [[kuh-KOW].. Botanists believe the Botanists believe the cacaocacao tree originated between southern Mexico and the tree originated between southern Mexico and the Amazon River Basin in Amazon River Basin in South AmericaSouth America. . . . .. . .

Chocolate Chocolate manufacturersmanufacturers receive many types of beans. receive many types of beans. They blend them to yield the flavor and color desired in They blend them to yield the flavor and color desired in the final product. The first steps in the final product. The first steps in processingprocessing the beans the beans include cleaning, roasting, hulling, blending, and grinding. include cleaning, roasting, hulling, blending, and grinding. . . .. . .

ChocolateChocolate productsproducts are all manufactured from chocolate are all manufactured from chocolate liquorliquor. They include baking chocolate, cocoa, milk . They include baking chocolate, cocoa, milk chocolate, and sweet and semisweet chocolate.”chocolate, and sweet and semisweet chocolate.”

Baking chocolate, cocoa, and milk chocolate are all made from the cacao seed harvested from the cacao tree. There are many varieties of the seed, and once the seeds are picked, they are carefully mixed together to obtain the different flavors of chocolate. The beans go through processing to get into a form that can be used to make chocolate products. The steps for processing include but are not limited to cleaning, roasting, and grinding the seeds.

My ParaphraseMy Paraphrase

6 Traits Application6 Traits Application

IdeasIdeas OrganizationOrganization VoiceVoice Word ChoiceWord Choice Sentence FluencySentence Fluency ConventionsConventions

Who is he?Who is he?

Quotes from J.R.R. TolkienQuotes from J.R.R. Tolkien

““Still round the corner there may wait, A new road Still round the corner there may wait, A new road or a secret gate.”or a secret gate.”

““All we have to decide is what to do with the time All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given to us.” that is given to us.”

““There’s some good in this world. . .and it’s worth There’s some good in this world. . .and it’s worth fighting for.”fighting for.”

““I will not say, do not weep, for not all tears are an I will not say, do not weep, for not all tears are an evil.” evil.”

Courage is found in unlikely places." Courage is found in unlikely places."

--Quotations by author J.R. R. Tolkien--Quotations by author J.R. R. Tolkien

Why Quote?Why Quote?

Use a quote to let the author’s words Use a quote to let the author’s words support what you are saying.support what you are saying.

Use quotes that are powerful and well-Use quotes that are powerful and well-written to emphasize your point. written to emphasize your point.

**Remember you must put quotation marks **Remember you must put quotation marks around what you quote. around what you quote.

“……………… “………………..……..”..……..”

Ready, Set, Write!Ready, Set, Write!

Write a few Write a few autobiographical autobiographical sentences about sentences about yourself. Use a quote yourself. Use a quote by J.R.R. Tolkien to by J.R.R. Tolkien to emphasize a point in emphasize a point in your writing. your writing.

One summer I went to England with my sisters and our husbands. We were there to search out our English “roots.” One way we accomplished this was by visiting the churches where our relatives were christened, married, and buried. In one day we visited twelve churches!

When we arrived at the town where the last church was located we were tired. We drove up and down the street but could not find the church, so we stopped at the local pub to get directions. After we drove to the designated spot, we realized we were in for a walk to get there. We meandered down the path towards the church. As we turned the corner and saw the church on the hill in front of us, I thought of the quote by J. R. R. Tolkien, “Still round the Still round the corner there may wait, a new road or a secret gate.corner there may wait, a new road or a secret gate. “

Quotes from J.R.R. TolkienQuotes from J.R.R. Tolkien

““Still round the corner there may wait, a new road Still round the corner there may wait, a new road or a secret gate.”or a secret gate.”

““All we have to decide is what to do with the time All we have to decide is what to do with the time that we are given.” that we are given.”

““There’s some good in this world. . .and it’s worth There’s some good in this world. . .and it’s worth fighting for.”fighting for.”

““I will not say, do not weep, for not all tears are an I will not say, do not weep, for not all tears are an evil.” evil.”

"Courage is found in unlikely places." "Courage is found in unlikely places."

--Quotations by author J.R. R. Tolkien--Quotations by author J.R. R. Tolkien

Your writing will be as Your writing will be as magnificent as Bryce magnificent as Bryce Canyon, as sweet as Canyon, as sweet as chocolate, and as chocolate, and as creative as J.R.R. creative as J.R.R. Tolkien if you learn to Tolkien if you learn to paraphraseparaphrase, , summarizesummarize, and , and quotequote correctly! correctly!

When Do I Not Have to Give When Do I Not Have to Give Credit?Credit?

When it is something that is common When it is something that is common knowledge.knowledge.– Michael Jackson is a musician.Michael Jackson is a musician.– Boise is the capital of Idaho.Boise is the capital of Idaho.– The Great Salt Lake is located in Utah.The Great Salt Lake is located in Utah.

If you use someone else’s idea or an If you use someone else’s idea or an interpretation of their idea you must interpretation of their idea you must give credit.give credit.

Some Other Tips to Help You Avoid Some Other Tips to Help You Avoid PlagiarismPlagiarism

Only work in groups if your teacher says it is Only work in groups if your teacher says it is all right.all right.

Recognize the work of others, if you work in Recognize the work of others, if you work in groups.groups.

More Tips….More Tips….

Refrain from copying and pasting from the Refrain from copying and pasting from the internet or any electronic resource.internet or any electronic resource.

Prevent others from copying your completed Prevent others from copying your completed assignments.assignments.

More Tips….More Tips….

Resubmit work you received credit for in Resubmit work you received credit for in another class only if it is approved by the another class only if it is approved by the teacher.teacher.

When you run out of time, ask for an When you run out of time, ask for an extension instead of resorting to “cutting and extension instead of resorting to “cutting and pasting.”pasting.”

More Tips….More Tips….

If you have a question about plagiarism, ask If you have a question about plagiarism, ask your teacher or a librarian.your teacher or a librarian.

Good luck with your research!Good luck with your research!

SourcesSources

Bates, Marianne F. “Avoiding Plagiarism.” Powerpoint. June Bates, Marianne F. “Avoiding Plagiarism.” Powerpoint. June 2007.2007.

"Bryce Canyon National Park." "Bryce Canyon National Park." World Book Student.World Book Student. World World Book, 2010. Web. Book, 2010. Web. 10 Sep 200710 Sep 2007. .

““Chocolate.” Chocolate.” World Book Student.World Book Student. World Book, 2010. Web. World Book, 2010. Web. 10 Sep 200710 Sep 2007. .

Combes, Barbara. “Plagiarism and Grading Essays.” Combes, Barbara. “Plagiarism and Grading Essays.” Library List-serve e-mail. 17 May 2006.Library List-serve e-mail. 17 May 2006.

More Sources. . .More Sources. . .

Google Images. 2010. 23 Feb 2010. Google Images. 2010. 23 Feb 2010. http://images.google.com/ http://images.google.com/

The Jayson Blair Project. The Jayson Blair Project. “How did he bamboozle the New “How did he bamboozle the New York Times?”York Times?” 10 Sep 2007 <10 Sep 2007 <http://www.slate.com/id/2082741/>>

Jordan, Chris. “At a Crossroad: Plagiarisms.” Jordan, Chris. “At a Crossroad: Plagiarisms.” CrossroadsCrossroads. . Fall 2006, 3.Fall 2006, 3.

Journalism.org. Journalism.org. “Resources.” 11 Nov 2006 “Resources.” 11 Nov 2006 http://www.journalism.org/resources/briefing/archive/blair.ahttp://www.journalism.org/resources/briefing/archive/blair.aspsp

More Sources. . .More Sources. . .

““J. R. R. Tolkien Quotes.” J. R. R. Tolkien Quotes.” Thinkexist.com. Thinkexist.com. 2006. 23 Feb 2006. 23 Feb 2010. http://www.thinkexist.com/ 2010. http://www.thinkexist.com/

Lathrop, Ann and Kathleen Foss. Lathrop, Ann and Kathleen Foss. Student Cheating and Student Cheating and Plagiarism in the Internet Era.Plagiarism in the Internet Era. Englewood, CO: Libraries Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 2000.Unlimited, 2000.

Moncur, Michael. “J. R. R. Tolkien.” Moncur, Michael. “J. R. R. Tolkien.” The Quotations PageThe Quotations Page. . 2007. 23 Feb 2010. <http://www.quotationspage.com2007. 23 Feb 2010. <http://www.quotationspage.com

NPS.gov. “Bryce Canyon National Park.” 2009. 23 Feb 2010. NPS.gov. “Bryce Canyon National Park.” 2009. 23 Feb 2010. <http://www.nps.gov/brca/historyculture/index.htm ><http://www.nps.gov/brca/historyculture/index.htm >

More Sources. . .More Sources. . .

Office Online. “Clip Art and Media.” 10 Sep 2007 Office Online. “Clip Art and Media.” 10 Sep 2007 <<http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/default.aspx?lc=en-ushttp://office.microsoft.com/clipart/default.aspx?lc=en-us>>

Valenza, Joyce. “What Is Plagiarism.” Powerpoint Presentation. 10 Valenza, Joyce. “What Is Plagiarism.” Powerpoint Presentation. 10 Sep 2007Sep 2007

<<http://www.sdst.org/shs/library/powerpoint/plagiarism.ppt http://www.sdst.org/shs/library/powerpoint/plagiarism.ppt plagiarism.pptplagiarism.ppt> >

Woodring, Andrea. Woodring, Andrea. The Six Traits of Writing and the Writing ProcessThe Six Traits of Writing and the Writing Process. . “The Six Traits of Writing.” Image. PowerPoint Presentation, 2010.“The Six Traits of Writing.” Image. PowerPoint Presentation, 2010.

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