avoiding plagiarism 1

Avoiding PlagiarismAvoiding Plagiarism

Steve BowmanSteve Bowman


What is PlagiarismWhat is Plagiarism

Icons of PlagiarismIcons of Plagiarism


What is Plagiarism?What is Plagiarism?

CheatingCheating StealingStealing TheftTheft Passing OffPassing Off CollusionCollusion


PlagiarismPlagiarism (from Latin (from Latin plagiareplagiare "to "to kidnap") is the practice of claiming, kidnap") is the practice of claiming, or implying, original authorship or or implying, original authorship or incorporating material from someone incorporating material from someone else's written or creative work, in else's written or creative work, in whole or in part, into one’s own whole or in part, into one’s own without adequate acknowledgment without adequate acknowledgment


OED (online): "the wrongful OED (online): "the wrongful appropriation or purloining, and appropriation or purloining, and publication as one's own, of the publication as one's own, of the ideas, or the expression of the ideas ideas, or the expression of the ideas (literary, artistic, musical, (literary, artistic, musical, mechanical, etc.) of another mechanical, etc.) of another


""to take someone else’s words or ideas to take someone else’s words or ideas and present them as your ownand present them as your own without without proper acknowledgement."proper acknowledgement."(Marshall and Rowland, 1998)(Marshall and Rowland, 1998)

Presenting someone else’s work as Presenting someone else’s work as your own. Work means any intellectual your own. Work means any intellectual output, and typically includes text, output, and typically includes text, data, images, sound or performance.data, images, sound or performance.((Office of Academic Appeals & Regulation 2005 ) 2005 )

http://www.lts.leeds.ac.uk/plagiarism/references.php#officeAAandR


While plagiarism in While plagiarism in scholarship and scholarship and journalism has a journalism has a centuries-old history, centuries-old history, the development of the development of the the Internet, where , where articles appear as articles appear as electronic text, has electronic text, has made the physical act made the physical act of copying the work of of copying the work of others much easier. others much easier.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet


Examples of plagiarism can include:Examples of plagiarism can include: Copying and submitting the work of a Copying and submitting the work of a

fellow student. fellow student. Buying and submitting an assignment Buying and submitting an assignment

from the Internet. from the Internet. Creating a piece of work by cutting and Creating a piece of work by cutting and

pasting various sections of text and/or pasting various sections of text and/or images found on the Internet into a images found on the Internet into a document document without referencing the sourceswithout referencing the sources. .


Within Within academia, plagiarism by students, , plagiarism by students, professors, or researchers is considered professors, or researchers is considered academic dishonesty or or academic fraud and and offenders are subject to academic censure. offenders are subject to academic censure.

In In journalism, plagiarism is considered a , plagiarism is considered a breach of journalistic ethics, and reporters breach of journalistic ethics, and reporters caught caught plagiarizing typically face disciplinary typically face disciplinary measures ranging from suspension to measures ranging from suspension to termination. termination.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_dishonesty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_fraud

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism_scandal


19.219.2 CollusionCollusion is taken to mean unauthorised is taken to mean unauthorised collaboration to produce individually assessed work, collaboration to produce individually assessed work, without acknowledgement to those who have contributed to without acknowledgement to those who have contributed to the work. It is distinct from the work. It is distinct from authorised collaborationauthorised collaboration on on projects which is strongly encouraged.projects which is strongly encouraged.

19.319.3 PlagiarismPlagiarism is the passing off by one person of is the passing off by one person of another person’s work, without acknowledgement to the another person’s work, without acknowledgement to the original author. Any material used in a piece of work which original author. Any material used in a piece of work which is not original MUST be acknowledged to the original author is not original MUST be acknowledged to the original author in the approved format, or it will be treated as plagiarism, in the approved format, or it will be treated as plagiarism, which is regarded as an extremely serious academic which is regarded as an extremely serious academic offence amounting to theft of ideas. Such material may be offence amounting to theft of ideas. Such material may be text or image, and may be derived from published or text or image, and may be derived from published or unpublished work, from any source (e.g. books, journals, unpublished work, from any source (e.g. books, journals, newspapers, the internet, fellow students’ notes etc.).newspapers, the internet, fellow students’ notes etc.).


Plagiarism 'is fault of indulgent lecturers'Plagiarism 'is fault of indulgent lecturers' Plagiarism and cheating by today's cut-and-Plagiarism and cheating by today's cut-and-

paste generation of university students will paste generation of university students will never be stamped out unless lecturers stop never be stamped out unless lecturers stop spoon-feeding them a diet of handouts and spoon-feeding them a diet of handouts and PowerPoint presentations, a leading academic PowerPoint presentations, a leading academic said yesterday.said yesterday.

Frean, A (2006) 'Plagiarism 'is fault of Frean, A (2006) 'Plagiarism 'is fault of indulgent lecturers'', indulgent lecturers'', The TimesThe Times [Online]. [Online]. Available at: Available at: www.thetimesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3561-2409036.html (Accessed: 19 October 2006). (Accessed: 19 October 2006).

http://www.thetimesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3561-2409036.html

http://www.thetimesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3561-2409036.html


Plagiarism can also occur unconsciously; in Plagiarism can also occur unconsciously; in some cultures certain forms of plagiarism some cultures certain forms of plagiarism are accepted because the concept can be are accepted because the concept can be interpreted differently. interpreted differently.

Respondents with educational experience in Respondents with educational experience in Europe viewed some aspects of Europe viewed some aspects of collaborative working as serious offences collaborative working as serious offences whereas those with experience in Asia (India whereas those with experience in Asia (India and Pakistan) viewed these as minor or not and Pakistan) viewed these as minor or not serious. serious.


There have been There have been many examples of many examples of high-profile high-profile plagiarism in plagiarism in recent (and not so recent (and not so recent) yearsrecent) years


LiteratureLiterature

Da Vinci trial pits history Da Vinci trial pits history against artagainst art

David SmithDavid SmithSunday February 26, 2006Sunday February 26, 2006The Observer

Dan Brown, whose tale of Dan Brown, whose tale of clerical conspiracy and clerical conspiracy and murder has become the murder has become the bestselling hardback adult bestselling hardback adult novel of all time, is accused of novel of all time, is accused of plundering his plot from a plundering his plot from a non-fiction work called The non-fiction work called The Holy Blood and the Holy GrailHoly Blood and the Holy Grail

http://www.observer.co.uk/


PoliticsPolitics

The “Dodgy Dossier”The “Dodgy Dossier”

Whole sections of Ibrahim Al-Whole sections of Ibrahim Al-Marashi's writings on Marashi's writings on "Saddam's Special Security "Saddam's Special Security Organisation" were repeated Organisation" were repeated verbatim including verbatim including typographical errors, while , while certain amendments were certain amendments were made to strengthen the tone made to strengthen the tone of the alleged findings (eg. of the alleged findings (eg. "monitoring foreign "monitoring foreign embassies in Iraq" became embassies in Iraq" became "spying on foreign embassies "spying on foreign embassies in Iraq").in Iraq").

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographical_error


FilmFilm

The 1922 film The 1922 film Nosferatu was an unauthorized was an unauthorized adaptation of adaptation of Bram Stoker's novel 's novel Dracula. Stoker's widow . Stoker's widow sued the producers of sued the producers of Nosferatu, and had Nosferatu, and had many of the film's many of the film's copies destroyed copies destroyed (although some remain)(although some remain)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosferatu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram_Stoker

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula


MusicMusic

Silent music dispute resolvedSilent music dispute resolved

Musician Mike Batt has paid a six-Musician Mike Batt has paid a six-figure sum to settle a bizarre figure sum to settle a bizarre dispute over who owns copyright dispute over who owns copyright to a silent musical work. to a silent musical work.

Batt was accused of plagiarism by Batt was accused of plagiarism by the publishers of the late US the publishers of the late US composer John Cage, after placing composer John Cage, after placing a silent track on his latest album, a silent track on his latest album, Classical Graffiti which was Classical Graffiti which was credited to himself and Cage. credited to himself and Cage.

Cage's own silent composition, Cage's own silent composition, 4'33", was originally released in 4'33", was originally released in 19521952


JournalismJournalism

New York Times reporter reporter Jayson Blair plagiarized articles and plagiarized articles and manufactured manufactured quotations in stories, quotations in stories, including stories including stories regarding regarding Jessica Lynch and the and the Beltway sniper attacks. . He and several editors He and several editors from the Times from the Times resigned in June 2003 resigned in June 2003

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayson_Blair

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Lynch

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltway_sniper_attacks


Most cases of plagiarism can be Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided by citing sources. avoided by citing sources.

Simply acknowledging that certain Simply acknowledging that certain material has been borrowed, material has been borrowed, and and providing your audience with the providing your audience with the information necessary to find that information necessary to find that sourcesource, is usually enough to prevent , is usually enough to prevent plagiarism. plagiarism.

What is Citation?What is Citation?

A "citation" is the way you tell your readers A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from that certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source information necessary to find that source again, including: information about the again, including: information about the author, the title of the work, the name and author, the title of the work, the name and location of the company that published your location of the company that published your copy of the source, the date your copy was copy of the source, the date your copy was published, the page numbers of the material published, the page numbers of the material you are borrowingyou are borrowing

When to CiteWhen to Cite

Whenever you use quotes. Whenever you use quotes. Whenever you use an idea that Whenever you use an idea that

someone else has already expressed. someone else has already expressed. Whenever you make specific reference Whenever you make specific reference

to the work of another person. to the work of another person. Whenever someone else's work has Whenever someone else's work has

been critical in developing your own been critical in developing your own ideas.ideas.

CitationCitation

You can find details of the citation method You can find details of the citation method preferred here at Rave by going to the LRC preferred here at Rave by going to the LRC intranet page at:intranet page at:

http://intranet.rave.ac.uk/lrc/userGuides.htm

And click on the link:And click on the link: ““

LRC User Guide...How to Reference Academic Work “ “



http://intranet.rave.ac.uk/support/images/HowtoReference1.doc

http://intranet.rave.ac.uk/support/images/HowtoReference1.doc

Turnitin UKTurnitin UK

Turnitin UKTurnitin UK

Here's how it works: Here's how it works: First, we make a digital First, we make a digital

fingerprint of any submitted fingerprint of any submitted document using a specially document using a specially developed set of algorithms. developed set of algorithms.

The document's fingerprint is The document's fingerprint is cross-referenced against our cross-referenced against our local database containing local database containing hundreds of thousands of hundreds of thousands of papers. papers.

At the same time, we release At the same time, we release automated web crawlers to automated web crawlers to scour the rest of the internet scour the rest of the internet for possible matches. for possible matches.

Finally, we create a custom, Finally, we create a custom, colour-coded originality colour-coded originality report, complete with source report, complete with source links, for each paper. links, for each paper.

ReferencesReferences

Slides 3,13 (Image): Slides 3,13 (Image): http://www.davidjulian.com/ Slide 5: Slide 5: http://www.oed.com/ Slides 4,6 (upper),7,9,17: Slides 4,6 (upper),7,9,17: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism Slides 6 (lower),9,12 (lower): Slides 6 (lower),9,12 (lower): http://www.lts.leeds.ac.uk/plagiarism/what_is_it.php Slide 5: Slide 5: http://www.hero.ac.uk/uk/studying/studying_and_learning/plagiarism.cfm Slide 8: Slide 8: http://www.jiscpas.ac.uk/newsarticle.php?n=11 Slide 10: Slide 10: http://intranet.rave.ac.uk/quality/docs/ApprovedBAAssessmentRegs.doc Slide 11: Slide 11: http://www.jiscpas.ac.uk/newsarticle.php?n=9 Slides 19,20,21: http://www.turnitin.com/research_site/e_citation.htmlSlides 19,20,21: http://www.turnitin.com/research_site/e_citation.html Slide 14: http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,1718177,00.htmlSlide 14: http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,1718177,00.html Slide 14 (Image): http://nypress.com/17/28/books/books-holy-blood-28.jpgSlide 14 (Image): http://nypress.com/17/28/books/books-holy-blood-28.jpg Slide 17: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/2276621.stmSlide 17: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/2276621.stm Slide 17 (image): http://snarkmarket.com/blog/snarkives/wapo%20blairSlide 17 (image): http://snarkmarket.com/blog/snarkives/wapo%20blair

%20review.jpg%20review.jpg Slide 15 (image): http://www.nmauk.co.uk/nma/uploads/2336/45mins_hires.jpgSlide 15 (image): http://www.nmauk.co.uk/nma/uploads/2336/45mins_hires.jpg Slide 23: http://www.jiscpas.ac.uk/turnitinuk.phpSlide 23: http://www.jiscpas.ac.uk/turnitinuk.php Slide 24 (Image): https://submit.ac.uk Slide 24 (Image): https://submit.ac.uk

http://www.davidjulian.com/

http://www.oed.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism

http://www.lts.leeds.ac.uk/plagiarism/what_it_is.php

http://www.hero.ac.uk/uk/studying/studying_and_learning/plagiarism.cfm

http://www.jiscpas.ac.uk/newsarticle.php?n=11

http://intranet.rave.ac.uk/quality/docs/ApprovedBAAssessmentRegs.doc

http://www.jiscpas.ac.uk/newsarticle.php?n=9

avoiding plagiarism 1

Education