avoiding plagiarism

AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Building Academic Integrity

Academic Misconduct

All forms of academic misconduct are prohibited by the Student Code of Conduct. Academic misconduct is an A-level offense and is defined by the student code of conduct as Dishonesty or Deception in fulfilling academic requirements. It includes, but is not limited to:

• cheating• plagiarism• un-permitted collaboration• forged attendance (when attendance is required)• fabrication (e.g., use of invented information or falsification of research or other

findings)• using advantages not approved by the instructor (e.g., unauthorized review of a copy

of an exam ahead of time)• knowingly permitting another student to plagiarize or cheat from one's work• submitting the same assignment in different courses without consent of the instructor.

Note: An instructor may impose a grade penalty for academic misconduct and/or file a judicial referral. If you are unsure about a question of academic misconduct, consult your instructor or the director of Judiciaries. If you are found to be involved in academic misconduct, your instructor has the option of lowering your grade or giving you an F grade on the project or in the course, and/or referring you to Judiciaries. Possible sanctions through Judiciaries are suspension, expulsion, or any sanction not less than a reprimand. (University Judiciaries, 2011)

Facts About Plagiarism

“A study by The Center for Academic Integrity found that almost 80% of college students admit to cheating at least once.”

“According to a survey by the Psychological Record 36% of undergraduates have admitted to plagiarizing written materials.”

Facts About Plagiarism

“A national survey published in Education Week found that 54% of students admitted to plagiarizing from the internet; 74% of students admitted that at least once during the past school year they had engaged in “serious” cheating; and 47% of students believe their teachers sometimes choose to ignore students who are cheating.”

What is Plagiarism

Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary: to “plagiarize To steal and pass off (the ideas and words

of another) as one’s own To use (another’s production) without

crediting the source To commit literary theft To present as new and original an idea or

product derived from an existing source

Plagiarism

Turning in someone else’s work as your own

Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit

Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks

Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation

Plagiarism

Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit

Copying so many words or ideas from a source that is makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not

Using your own work from previous classes (without faculty consent or citing yourself)

“A critical part of the writing process is helping readers place your contributions in context by citing the researchers who influenced you” (APA, 2010, p. 169).

Crediting Sources

When to Cite

Work that directly influenced your work Credit ideas of others you build off of All facts and figures that are not

common knowledge Direct quotations and paraphrased

material

Type of citation

First citation in text

Subsequent citations in

text

Parenthetical format,

first citation in text


subsequent citations in

text

One work by one author Walker (2007) Walker (2007) (Walker,

2007)(Walker, 2007)

One work by two authors

Walker and Allen (2004)

Walker and Allen (2004)

(Walker & Allen, 2004)

(Walker & Allen, 2004)

One work by three authors

Bradley, Ramirez, and Soo (1999)

Bradley et al. (1999)

(Bradley, Ramirez, & Soo, 1999)

(Bradley et al., 1999)

One work by four authors

Bradley, Ramirez, Soo,

and Walsh (2006)

Bradley et al. (2006)

(Bradley, Ramirez, Soo,

& Walsh, 2006)


Basic Citation Styles

Type of citation

First citation in text

Subsequent citations in

text


first citation in text


subsequent citations in

text

One work by five authors

Walker, Allen, Bradley,

Ramirez, and Soo (2008)

Walker et al. (2008)

(Walker, Allen, Bradley,

Ramirez, & Soo, 2008)


One work by six authors

Wasserstein et al. (2005)

Wasserstein et al. (2005)

(Wasserstein et al. 2005)

(Wasserstein et al. 2005)

Groups ( readily identified through

abbreviation) as authors

National Institute of

Mental Health (NIMH, 2003)

NIMH (2003)

(National Institute of

Mental Health [NIMH], 2003)

(NIMH, 2003)

Groups (no abbreviation)

as authors

University of Pittsburgh

(2005)

University of Pittsburgh

(2005)

(University of Pittsburgh,

2005)

(University of Pittsburgh,

2005)

Basic Citation Styles

Direct Quotation of Sources

Interpreting these results, Robbins et al., (2003) suggests that the “therapists in dropout cases may have inadvertently validated parental negativity about the adolescent without adequately responding to the adolescent’s needs or concerns” (p. 541), contributing to an overall climate of negativity.


Confusing this issue is the overlapping nature of roles in palliative care, whereby “medial needs are met by those in the medical disciplines; nonmedical needs may be addressed by anyone of the team” (Csikai & Chaitin, 2006, p. 112).


This is the paragraph leading to the direct quote that is over 40 words. Others have contradicted this view:

Co-presence does not ensure intimate interaction among all group

members. Consider large-scale social gatherings in which hundreds or

thousands of people gather in a location to perform a ritual or celebrate

an event.

In these instances, participants are able to see the visible manifestation

of the group, the physical gathering, yet their ability to make direct,

intimate connections with those around this is limited by the sheer

magnitude of the assembly. (Purcell, 1997, pp. 111-112)The paper continues as normal after the large direct quote.

Citing Within Quotations

“In the United States, the American Cancer Society (2007) estimated that about 1 million cases of NMSC and 59,940 cases of melanoma would be diagnosed in 2007, with melanoma resulting in 8,110 deaths” (Miller et al., 2009, p. 209).

Paraphrasing Material

Kessler (2003) found that among epidemiological samples. . .

Early onset results in a more persistent and severe course (Kessler, 2003).

In 2003, Kessler’s study of epidemiological samples showed that. . .

Paraphrasing Within a Paragraph

Among epidemiological samples, Kessler (2003) found that early onset social anxiety disorder results in a more potent and severe course. Kessler also found. . . . The study also showed that there was a high rate of comorbidity with alcohol or dependence and major depression (Kessler, 2003).

The reference list at the end of a work provides the information necessary to identify and retrieve each source. Include only the sources that you used in the research and preparation of the work.

Reference List

References

Must be correct and complete Usually contains the following elements:

Author Year of publication Title Retrieved date & url address (if electronic

source) Alphabetized list Accurately prepared references help

establish your credibility

Sample APA References

JOURNAL ARTICLE, ONE AUTHOR

Fox, H. (1982). Communication policies on evolving products. The Journal of Business Communication, 19(3), 27-34.

JOURNAL ARTICLE, TWO AUTHORS, JOURNAL PAGINATED BY ISSUE

Moutoux, D., & Porte, M. (1980). Small talk in industry. The Journal of Business Communication, 17(2), 3-11.

JOURNAL ARTICLE, MORE THAN SIX AUTHORS

Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., et al. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 843-856.


INTERNET ARTICLE BASED ON A MAGAZINE OR JOURNAL PRINT SOURCE

Author(s). (Date–indicate “n.d.” if date is unknown). Title [Electronic version]. Magazine or Journal Title, volume (issue, if given), paging. [Add the date of retrieval and the URL only if you believe that the print version differs from the electronic version.]

Endicott, J. (1999). If disaster strikes onstage, stay focused and be creative. Presentations, 27-28. Retrieved April 9, 2001, from: <http://www.presentations.com/deliver/speak/1999/06/12_ct-if.html>.


ARTICLE IN AN INTERNET-ONLY MAGAZINE OR JOURNAL

Author(s). (Date). Title. Magazine or Journal Title, volume (issue), paging (if given). Retrieved [access date] from [URL]

MAGAZINE OR JOURNAL ARTICLE FROM A DATABASE

Author(s). (Date). Title. Magazine or Journal Title, volume (issue), paging. Retrieved [date], from [database], Article No. (if given).

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE (ELECTRONIC VERSION AVAILABLE BY SEARCH)

Author(s). (Date). Title. Name of Newspaper. Retrieved [date] from [URL]

INTERNET GOVERNMENT REPORT

Sponsoring agency. (Date). Title. (Publication data). Retrieved [date] from [name of organization and URL]


NONPERIODICAL MULTIPAGE WEB DOCUMENT (NO AUTHOR)

Name of sponsoring organization or title of site. (Date). Document name. Retrieved [date] from [URL]

Central Intelligence Agency. (2010). About: History. Retrieved October 5, 2010, from The World

Factbook: Japan: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/history.html

Dell Inc. (2009). Income Statement. Retrieved October 5, 2010, from Financial Reporting: http://i.dell.com/sites/content/corporate/secure/en/Documents/FY11_Q2_asdfgh_IncomeStatement.pdf