automatic power factor regulators - ndtnet.comndtnet.com/m/elc/regulators_eng.pdf · automatic...

a d v a n c e d t e c h n o l o g y f o r e l e c t r i c a l i n s t a l l a t i o n s

Automatic Power Factor Regulators

0.7 x 1st battery

0.4 x 1st battery

F2 HIGH cosϕAREA

LOW cosϕAREA

PRE-SET cosϕ STRAIGHT LINE

1st BATTERYwidth

non-interventionband

Q[kVAr]

A P.F.C. system for a tecnical plant must be plannedconsidering the features of its plant.First of all, you have to decide the type of P.F.C.equipment, in practice if you think it is better anautomatic or a manual P.F.C. equipment.The automatic P.F.C. equipment is composed ofcapacitors, for a power overall equal to the onenecessary for P.F.C. at the cosfi you need, split upinto batteries, which power has to be thought infunction of the features of the plant.These batteries are put through some contactorsconveniently dimensioned, driven by a sensibleappliance to the reactive power that qualifies, witha certain delay, the feeding to the coil of thecontactors.For the choice of the number and of the power withwhom you can realize the single batteries, it isnecessary to choose between two contrastingexigences.The realization of the automatic P.F.C. system,through a division of the power in several batteriesof little power allows a good accuracy in followingthe the fluctuations of the load, in comparison youhave a bigger complexity of the system becauseit is realized with several parts.Furthermore, you risk that the delay with whomare inserted the batteries lead the system to havea time of regulation too high, and not to reach intime to compensate the peak points.To realize some batteries of too high power, towardsthe usual load variation (and therefore of cosϕ),can bring the a not efficace power factor correctionbecause the battery can not be put by the regulatorbeing of too high power according to the one youneed.In fact, the automatic regulator can have acalibration dispositive (called C/K) that esblishesthe intervention sensibility of the regulator itselfavoiding dangerous "weighing" of the P.F.C;practically, it is established, through the definitionof a value for the C/K parameter, a zone of notintervention of the regulator, which width is linkedto the power of the 1st battery of the system.

The connection of the battery from the regulatoroccurs when the power required to reach the cosϕstated exceeds 70% of the power of the first stepof the P.F.C. system, and the disconnection whenthe power supplied exceeds 40% of the one of thefirst step.

To better understand the function of the band ofnot intervention of the regulator and the logic ofintervention of the same, please consider the abovedrawing:

1) Assume that the functionning point of the plantis the one marked by F1. This functionning is notacceptable, because the power factor is lower thanthe one set. The regulator will therefore insert thebattery, and the functionning point will shift to F2,inside the band of not intervention and at a cosϕclose to the settled one.

2) Now suppose to work with functionning point inposition F3 of the diagramm, with the first batteryof the P.F.C. system already set and with the secondone double of the first one.In this condition, the power factor is not suitable,therefore the regulator will provide to insert thesecond battery of capacitors.The functionning point of the plant will then moveto F4, at a too high cosϕ, and the regulator willdisconnect the first battery, leading the cosϕ to avalue close to the one set, with the functionningpoint among the band of not intervention and placedin F5.From the above, it is easy to understand why thepowers of the batteries that forms the P.F.C.equipment are multiples of the power of the firstbattery: only in this way the regulator can insertthe entire power available with other increasescorresponding to the power of the 1st step.

The best composition of an automatic P.F.C.equipment, for what the division of the total powerin batteries concerns, shows the first step of anadequate limited power, but with the other powerbatteries more and more increasing, up to acomposition like 1-2-4 (the number shows themultiple of the first battery). In this way, the aim toraise the cosϕ of the plant in case of a considerableloss of the same, due to insertions of great powerloads, is reached without losing in sensibility.Assuming to have two P.F.C. plants of the samepower but with a different distribution in batteries:

Equipment A:power 70kVArbatteries 10-20-40 kVAr

Equipment B:power 70kVArbatteries 10-10-10-10-10-10-10kVAr

If the starting of an equipment leads thefunctionning point to F6 (see the drawing), theequipment A will take 3 insert cycles to reach thecosϕ settled (F7-F8-F9), while the equipment Bwill take 7 cycles (F10-F11-F12-F13-F14-F15-F16).

Automatic Power Factor Regulators

0.7 x 1st battery

0.4 x 1st battery

F2 HIGH cosϕAREA

LOW cosϕAREA

PRE-SET cosϕ STRAIGHT LINE

1st BATTERYwidth

non-interventionband

Q[kVAr]

A P.F.C. system for a tecnical plant must be plannedconsidering the features of its plant.First of all, you have to decide the type of P.F.C.equipment, in practice if you think it is better anautomatic or a manual P.F.C. equipment.The automatic P.F.C. equipment is composed ofcapacitors, for a power overall equal to the onenecessary for P.F.C. at the cosfi you need, split upinto batteries, which power has to be thought infunction of the features of the plant.These batteries are put through some contactorsconveniently dimensioned, driven by a sensibleappliance to the reactive power that qualifies, witha certain delay, the feeding to the coil of thecontactors.For the choice of the number and of the power withwhom you can realize the single batteries, it isnecessary to choose between two contrastingexigences.The realization of the automatic P.F.C. system,through a division of the power in several batteriesof little power allows a good accuracy in followingthe the fluctuations of the load, in comparison youhave a bigger complexity of the system becauseit is realized with several parts.Furthermore, you risk that the delay with whomare inserted the batteries lead the system to havea time of regulation too high, and not to reach intime to compensate the peak points.To realize some batteries of too high power, towardsthe usual load variation (and therefore of cosϕ),can bring the a not efficace power factor correctionbecause the battery can not be put by the regulatorbeing of too high power according to the one youneed.In fact, the automatic regulator can have acalibration dispositive (called C/K) that esblishesthe intervention sensibility of the regulator itselfavoiding dangerous "weighing" of the P.F.C;practically, it is established, through the definitionof a value for the C/K parameter, a zone of notintervention of the regulator, which width is linkedto the power of the 1st battery of the system.

The connection of the battery from the regulatoroccurs when the power required to reach the cosϕstated exceeds 70% of the power of the first stepof the P.F.C. system, and the disconnection whenthe power supplied exceeds 40% of the one of thefirst step.

To better understand the function of the band ofnot intervention of the regulator and the logic ofintervention of the same, please consider the abovedrawing:

1) Assume that the functionning point of the plantis the one marked by F1. This functionning is notacceptable, because the power factor is lower thanthe one set. The regulator will therefore insert thebattery, and the functionning point will shift to F2,inside the band of not intervention and at a cosϕclose to the settled one.

2) Now suppose to work with functionning point inposition F3 of the diagramm, with the first batteryof the P.F.C. system already set and with the secondone double of the first one.In this condition, the power factor is not suitable,therefore the regulator will provide to insert thesecond battery of capacitors.The functionning point of the plant will then moveto F4, at a too high cosϕ, and the regulator willdisconnect the first battery, leading the cosϕ to avalue close to the one set, with the functionningpoint among the band of not intervention and placedin F5.From the above, it is easy to understand why thepowers of the batteries that forms the P.F.C.equipment are multiples of the power of the firstbattery: only in this way the regulator can insertthe entire power available with other increasescorresponding to the power of the 1st step.

The best composition of an automatic P.F.C.equipment, for what the division of the total powerin batteries concerns, shows the first step of anadequate limited power, but with the other powerbatteries more and more increasing, up to acomposition like 1-2-4 (the number shows themultiple of the first battery). In this way, the aim toraise the cosϕ of the plant in case of a considerableloss of the same, due to insertions of great powerloads, is reached without losing in sensibility.Assuming to have two P.F.C. plants of the samepower but with a different distribution in batteries:

Equipment A:power 70kVArbatteries 10-20-40 kVAr

Equipment B:power 70kVArbatteries 10-10-10-10-10-10-10kVAr

If the starting of an equipment leads thefunctionning point to F6 (see the drawing), theequipment A will take 3 insert cycles to reach thecosϕ settled (F7-F8-F9), while the equipment Bwill take 7 cycles (F10-F11-F12-F13-F14-F15-F16).

CESI approved

Cyclic managementof functions every

for "real time"operation

V, I Samplingof the phases, temperature

set Cosϕ

Harmonic Samplingfor measurement of the harmonic

I rms current in the capacitorsAlarm Management

Regulation

Management ofdisplay and LEDs

Calculation:V, I, rms, active power P, reactive

power Q, Cosϕ, reactive power to besupplied for P.F.C., temperature

Resonance Controlresonance control

between capacitors and transformer

Cos ØVI

CosϕVI

A Cosϕ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Intelligent microprocessor-based power factor regulators

The PFRMD is a microprocessor controlled automaticpower factor regulator, assembled in a 144x144 mmformat container for flush mounting (DIN standard43700). It can operate on three-phase low voltagesystems at 220, 380, 415 VAC and also on highvoltage systems by taking the voltage and currentmeasurement signals from transformers (voltagetransformer and current transformer).A version configured for performing single-phasemeasurements is available.The PFRMD measures permanently the reactivepower consumption in the load, and according to thecontrol logic, it can connect or disconnect therequired amount of capacitor steps needed to obtainthe preset cosϕ value by means of a microprocessor-controlled logic.

The PFRMD optimizes the use of the capacitorelements in a bank. The steps are rotated in order toobtain in the shortest time, and with the minimumnumber of operations, any desired combination.The "Top-up" function reduces considerably thenumber of operations, while the power factorcorrection is guaranteed.The regulation procedure and alarm managementfunctions are the intelligent type, thanks to themicroprocessor and software developed entirely byELCONTROL ENERGY.The PFRMD optimizes the use of the system'scomponents, obtaining the necessary combinationsin the least possible time with fewer movements.By means of the capacitor bank functions it signalsand disconnects the defective steps.

• Keep your power factor correction system under control and operating efficiently.

• From 3 to 14 steps.

• Microprocessor-controlled intelligent logic.

• Measurements in True RMS.

• Lengthen the life of your power factor correction system.

• Ideal for power factor correction in the presence of harmonics.

• Maintains optimum control of P.F. system even under fault conditions.

CESI approved

Cyclic managementof functions every

for "real time"operation

V, I Samplingof the phases, temperature

set Cosϕ

Harmonic Samplingfor measurement of the harmonic

I rms current in the capacitorsAlarm Management

Regulation

Management ofdisplay and LEDs

Calculation:V, I, rms, active power P, reactive

power Q, Cosϕ, reactive power to besupplied for P.F.C., temperature

Resonance Controlresonance control

between capacitors and transformer

Cos ØVI

CosϕVI

A Cosϕ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Intelligent microprocessor-based power factor regulators

The PFRMD is a microprocessor controlled automaticpower factor regulator, assembled in a 144x144 mmformat container for flush mounting (DIN standard43700). It can operate on three-phase low voltagesystems at 220, 380, 415 VAC and also on highvoltage systems by taking the voltage and currentmeasurement signals from transformers (voltagetransformer and current transformer).A version configured for performing single-phasemeasurements is available.The PFRMD measures permanently the reactivepower consumption in the load, and according to thecontrol logic, it can connect or disconnect therequired amount of capacitor steps needed to obtainthe preset cosϕ value by means of a microprocessor-controlled logic.

The PFRMD optimizes the use of the capacitorelements in a bank. The steps are rotated in order toobtain in the shortest time, and with the minimumnumber of operations, any desired combination.The "Top-up" function reduces considerably thenumber of operations, while the power factorcorrection is guaranteed.The regulation procedure and alarm managementfunctions are the intelligent type, thanks to themicroprocessor and software developed entirely byELCONTROL ENERGY.The PFRMD optimizes the use of the system'scomponents, obtaining the necessary combinationsin the least possible time with fewer movements.By means of the capacitor bank functions it signalsand disconnects the defective steps.

• Keep your power factor correction system under control and operating efficiently.

• From 3 to 14 steps.

• Microprocessor-controlled intelligent logic.

• Measurements in True RMS.

• Lengthen the life of your power factor correction system.

• Ideal for power factor correction in the presence of harmonics.

• Maintains optimum control of P.F. system even under fault conditions.

Front panel

Contactor commandoutputs of capacitorbanks 1 to 7

Alarm commandoutputs

Power supplyinput

Voltageinputs

Harmonic measurementinputs

Currentinputs

Connection boardwithout screws

Mains supply LED

LED - Temperaturethreshold two

LED - Temperaturethreshold one

LED signalling ofconnected steps

MeasurementDisplay

Indicator of themeasurementselected and

displayed

Potentiometer forCos ϕ regulation

Harmonic overload LED

Resonance LED

Capacitive load LED

Automatic / manual LED

Inductive load LED

Multi-function pushbuttons

AU TM A N

Only four pushbuttons for all functions and regulations

Measurement displayThis pushbutton enables the display of the three parametersdisplayed in the following order: cosϕ, V, I.

Automatic/ManualSelects the type of function: AUTOMATIC (by default when it isturned on) or MANUAL (selected by pushbutton).

Manual connectionThis pushbutton connects the steps in sequential order startingfrom step one.

Manual disconnectionThis pushbutton disconnects the steps in sequential order startingfrom step one.

TemperatureTo display the temperature within the P.F.C. panel,press these two pushbuttons simultaneously.(The temperature is in degrees C.).

Programmed Cosϕ To display the cosϕ set by the potentiometer located onthe front panel, press these two pushbuttonssimultaneously;

ResetTo reset the "weight" of the steps stored, press thesetwo pushbuttons in succession and keep thempressed simultaneously for about ten seconds.

C o s ϕVI

AU TM A N

C o s ϕVI

AU TM A N+

PFRMD Intelligent microprocessor-based power factor regulators

Continuous check of thecondition of the sytem (option-selectable)The PFRMD logic carries out a check of the steps at each connectionand disconnection, comparing these measurements with those initiallystored. The PFRMD is thus able to:• Indicate defective steps whose power is reduced by 20% or more.• Single out contactors with poor contact performance.In both cases the PFRMD automatically eliminates the defective stepfrom the configuration, and does not reconnect it.

Display of data

Automatic C/KWith this new function the regulator determines, by means of themeasurements themselves, the power of each capacitor step andeliminates the need for manual setting of the C.T. ratio.The measurement is performed automatically and stored during the firsthours of operation. The regulation logic takes into account the real powerof each step and the power necessary to correct the power factor, usingonly the power steps strictly necessary, closest to the power required.

Lengthens the life of the p.f.c. systemThe connect and disconnect logic was studied taking into account threeprincipal objectives which are decisive for the long life of the system:• Equalization of the number of step operationsThe PFRMD reaches this objective by counting the number of operationsof each step and always connecting those steps that have worked theleast. This translates into a considerable reduction in the number ofmaneuvers with resulting longer service life of the entire system.• Capacitors "resting"The PFRMD connects a step only if it has been out of circuit for at leasttwo minutes, in order to reduce the stress on the partially loadedcapacitors.• "Top-up" functionThe PFRMD constantly monitors the actual power factor and compares itwith the desired pre-set value. Any spare capacity is utilised to maintainthe power factor at a level between cosØ 1 and the preset value.This ensures that reactive energy consumption is kept to a minimum andunnecessary switching operations are completely eliminated.

CosϕThe PFRMD normallydisplays the system'sCosϕ measure-ment.

TemperatureControlA sensor located inside the equipment constantly monitors thetemperature. When it exceeds a threshold of 40°C., an output relay forventilation control is automatically activated. Should the temperatureexceed 60°C., it automatically disconnects the capacitor banks within 3seconds, simultaneously activating an alarm relay.When the temperature reenters normal limits,the equipmentautomatically begins to operate again.The two LEDs located on the front panel of the PFRMD indicate that thetwo temperature thresholds have been exceeded. The temperature incentigrade is shown on the display.

On requestFor special system requirements the PFRMD can be set at the factorywith alarm thresholds different from the standard ones, in addition to amaximum voltage alarm.

CosϕVI

Resonance controlResonance risk signallingAgain, thanks to RMS measurements, the PFRMD also makes it possible toavoid either phenomena which are destructive to the P.F.C. system. ThePFRMD signals the danger of resonances, specifically, abnormalamplifications of the 5th and 7th harmonic, which, even if they are notnecessarily dangerous to the plant, are nonetheless an indication of dangerand a warning to the user to carry out a more in-depth study. If either the 5thor 7th harmonic goes beyond 60% of the fundamental, the LED will flash everysecond to indicate the 5th harmonic and every 1/2 second to indicate the 7thharmonic.

Additional alarms• Lack of P.F. correction - Any condition which for more than 30 minutesimpedes the power factor compensation of the electrical system to thepreset Cosϕ, the PFRMD activates the alarm relay while the regulationfunction continues.• Mains failure - The PFRMD immediately disconnects the capacitorsteps and the alarm relay activates the alarm.• "Weighing" not possible - If one or both of the first two steps is notserviceable, the PFRMD is not able to determine the basic capacity, andafter repeated attempts it signals the problem.• High applied voltage (optional) - In cases where the voltage exceeds110% of the rated voltage, the PFRMD disconnects the steps (in 3seconds) and the output relay signals the alarm condition.

Harmonic overloadprotectionIl PFRMD è il primo regolatore al mondo che effettua le misure in verovalore efficace (RMS) ossia in grado di determinare costantemente ilcontenuto armonico della rete elettrica. Il PFRMD pertanto vigilacostantemente affinché non vengano superati limiti di armonichepericolosi per i condensatori. Nel caso che la corrente efficace superi peralmeno 2 minuti il 120% della fondamentale per l'effetto delle armoniche, ilregolatore disattiva automaticamente e rapidamente tutti i banchi dicondensatori presenti e riprende a funzionare normalmente al ritorno dellecondizioni di normalità. Nel caso di 6 interventi nel giro di 60 minuti,l'apparecchio scollega permanentemente i condensatori attivando nelcontempo il relé di allarme. Un LED sul frontale segnala l'allarme.

Voltagepress the pushbuttonto display the mainsvoltage

CosϕVI

Temperaturepressing the pushbuttons

+ simultaneously,the temperature of the

P.F.C.system is displayed.

CosϕVI

AUTMAN

CurrentPressing the pushbutton

a second timethe secondary currentof the CT is displayed

CosϕVI

Protection fromresonancehen the rms current exceeds 150% of the fundamental, the regulatoridentifies the presence of resonance and after a maximum of 1 secondactivates the quick disconnection of all of the capacitor banks. The regulatorbegins to function again normally when it returns within normal conditions. Ifthe situation is repeated 6 times during a period of 60 minutes, the PFRMDpermanently disconnects the capacitors and simultaneously activates thealarm relay. The harmonic overload LED signals the alarm.

Front panel

Alarm commandoutputs

Power supplyinput

Voltageinputs

Harmonic measurementinputs

Currentinputs

Connection boardwithout screws

Mains supply LED

LED - Temperaturethreshold two

LED - Temperaturethreshold one

LED signalling ofconnected steps

MeasurementDisplay

Indicator of themeasurementselected and

displayed

Potentiometer forCos ϕ regulation

Harmonic overload LED

Resonance LED

Capacitive load LED

Automatic / manual LED

Inductive load LED

Multi-function pushbuttons

AU TM A N

Only four pushbuttons for all functions and regulations

Measurement displayThis pushbutton enables the display of the three parametersdisplayed in the following order: cosϕ, V, I.

Automatic/ManualSelects the type of function: AUTOMATIC (by default when it isturned on) or MANUAL (selected by pushbutton).

Manual connectionThis pushbutton connects the steps in sequential order startingfrom step one.

Manual disconnectionThis pushbutton disconnects the steps in sequential order startingfrom step one.

TemperatureTo display the temperature within the P.F.C. panel,press these two pushbuttons simultaneously.(The temperature is in degrees C.).

Programmed Cosϕ To display the cosϕ set by the potentiometer located onthe front panel, press these two pushbuttonssimultaneously;

ResetTo reset the "weight" of the steps stored, press thesetwo pushbuttons in succession and keep thempressed simultaneously for about ten seconds.

C o s ϕVI

AU TM A N

C o s ϕVI

AU TM A N+

Continuous check of thecondition of the sytem (option-selectable)The PFRMD logic carries out a check of the steps at each connectionand disconnection, comparing these measurements with those initiallystored. The PFRMD is thus able to:• Indicate defective steps whose power is reduced by 20% or more.• Single out contactors with poor contact performance.In both cases the PFRMD automatically eliminates the defective stepfrom the configuration, and does not reconnect it.

Display of data

Automatic C/KWith this new function the regulator determines, by means of themeasurements themselves, the power of each capacitor step andeliminates the need for manual setting of the C.T. ratio.The measurement is performed automatically and stored during the firsthours of operation. The regulation logic takes into account the real powerof each step and the power necessary to correct the power factor, usingonly the power steps strictly necessary, closest to the power required.

Lengthens the life of the p.f.c. systemThe connect and disconnect logic was studied taking into account threeprincipal objectives which are decisive for the long life of the system:• Equalization of the number of step operationsThe PFRMD reaches this objective by counting the number of operationsof each step and always connecting those steps that have worked theleast. This translates into a considerable reduction in the number ofmaneuvers with resulting longer service life of the entire system.• Capacitors "resting"The PFRMD connects a step only if it has been out of circuit for at leasttwo minutes, in order to reduce the stress on the partially loadedcapacitors.• "Top-up" functionThe PFRMD constantly monitors the actual power factor and compares itwith the desired pre-set value. Any spare capacity is utilised to maintainthe power factor at a level between cosØ 1 and the preset value.This ensures that reactive energy consumption is kept to a minimum andunnecessary switching operations are completely eliminated.

CosϕThe PFRMD normallydisplays the system'sCosϕ measure-ment.

TemperatureControlA sensor located inside the equipment constantly monitors thetemperature. When it exceeds a threshold of 40°C., an output relay forventilation control is automatically activated. Should the temperatureexceed 60°C., it automatically disconnects the capacitor banks within 3seconds, simultaneously activating an alarm relay.When the temperature reenters normal limits,the equipmentautomatically begins to operate again.The two LEDs located on the front panel of the PFRMD indicate that thetwo temperature thresholds have been exceeded. The temperature incentigrade is shown on the display.

On requestFor special system requirements the PFRMD can be set at the factorywith alarm thresholds different from the standard ones, in addition to amaximum voltage alarm.

CosϕVI

Resonance controlResonance risk signallingAgain, thanks to RMS measurements, the PFRMD also makes it possible toavoid either phenomena which are destructive to the P.F.C. system. ThePFRMD signals the danger of resonances, specifically, abnormalamplifications of the 5th and 7th harmonic, which, even if they are notnecessarily dangerous to the plant, are nonetheless an indication of dangerand a warning to the user to carry out a more in-depth study. If either the 5thor 7th harmonic goes beyond 60% of the fundamental, the LED will flash everysecond to indicate the 5th harmonic and every 1/2 second to indicate the 7thharmonic.

Additional alarms• Lack of P.F. correction - Any condition which for more than 30 minutesimpedes the power factor compensation of the electrical system to thepreset Cosϕ, the PFRMD activates the alarm relay while the regulationfunction continues.• Mains failure - The PFRMD immediately disconnects the capacitorsteps and the alarm relay activates the alarm.• "Weighing" not possible - If one or both of the first two steps is notserviceable, the PFRMD is not able to determine the basic capacity, andafter repeated attempts it signals the problem.• High applied voltage (optional) - In cases where the voltage exceeds110% of the rated voltage, the PFRMD disconnects the steps (in 3seconds) and the output relay signals the alarm condition.

Harmonic overloadprotectionIl PFRMD è il primo regolatore al mondo che effettua le misure in verovalore efficace (RMS) ossia in grado di determinare costantemente ilcontenuto armonico della rete elettrica. Il PFRMD pertanto vigilacostantemente affinché non vengano superati limiti di armonichepericolosi per i condensatori. Nel caso che la corrente efficace superi peralmeno 2 minuti il 120% della fondamentale per l'effetto delle armoniche, ilregolatore disattiva automaticamente e rapidamente tutti i banchi dicondensatori presenti e riprende a funzionare normalmente al ritorno dellecondizioni di normalità. Nel caso di 6 interventi nel giro di 60 minuti,l'apparecchio scollega permanentemente i condensatori attivando nelcontempo il relé di allarme. Un LED sul frontale segnala l'allarme.

Voltagepress the pushbuttonto display the mainsvoltage

CosϕVI

Temperaturepressing the pushbuttons

+ simultaneously,the temperature of the

P.F.C.system is displayed.

CosϕVI

AUTMAN

CurrentPressing the pushbutton

a second timethe secondary currentof the CT is displayed

CosϕVI

Protection fromresonancehen the rms current exceeds 150% of the fundamental, the regulatoridentifies the presence of resonance and after a maximum of 1 secondactivates the quick disconnection of all of the capacitor banks. The regulatorbegins to function again normally when it returns within normal conditions. Ifthe situation is repeated 6 times during a period of 60 minutes, the PFRMDpermanently disconnects the capacitors and simultaneously activates thealarm relay. The harmonic overload LED signals the alarm.

Connection diagram for PFRMD steps 10-12-14

Technical features

General specifications• Voltage measurement input: max 750 VAC ± 10% (50/60 Hz selectable)• Current measuring input: max 5 Amp. (50/60 Hz selectable)• Input impedance: 4 MOhm• Current consumption: max 0,2 VA• Supply also possible from HV network. VT secondary connects to 100 - 120 VAC supply input terminals. HV CT secondary must be connected to terminals S1 - S2 of the PFRMD (VT connected phase-to phase - CT connected to third phase).• Zeroing device in absence of voltage measuring signal• A built-in filter provides normal operation of the regulator even in the presence of disturbances.• A number of output contacts equal to the number of capacitor steps.• Output contact rating: 5 Amperes- 250 VAC; or 2A-440VAC (for higher these ratings an auxiliary relay must be used).• Maximum rating of relay common terminal: 10A at 40°C.Mechanical specifications• Mechanical dimensions of the equipment: front panel 144x144 mm. according to standard DIN43700.• Insulated self-extinguishing container for flush mounting• Panel cut-out: 138x138 mm. (tolerance -0mm./ + 1mm.); maximum panel thickness: 12 mm.• Weight: from 1,45 to 1,6 Kg. (according to the version).• Transparent protective mask for the front panel• Connection board: screw connections• Screw brackets for mounting to panel. Maximum panel thickness 12 mm.

Insert the Current Transformer C.T. in series to the line with the greater amount of the inductive load. The C.T. is always connected upstreamof the reactive load and the power factor compensation capacitors. The line chosen for the C.T. becomes L1(R) in the connection diagram.

Power• Mains: 100 ÷ 120 VAC +/- 10% 50/60 Hz 200 ÷ 240 VAC +/- 10% 50/60 Hz 346 ÷ 415 VAC +/- 10% 50/60 Hz• Consumption 15 .VA maxMeasurements of the fundamental quantities• Measurement technique: Fixed sampling A/D• Sampling frequency: 2,5 KHz• Number of samples per phase: 250 (100 msec)• Repetition rate of measurement: 1 sec.Environmental conditions• Protection rating for the front panel with mask: IP 50• Operating temperature: from -10°C to + 70°C• Storage temperature: from -25°C to + 70°C• Relative humidity (maximum): 90 % at 20°C• Maximum altitude: 2000 meters.• To be installed internally, away from heat sourcesOrdering informationSTANDARD TYPES: PFRMD3/4/5/6/7/10/12/14.N.B. For special uses the PFRMD can be supplied with alarmPROGRAMMING different from the standard programming

Connection diagram for PFRMD steps 3-4-5-6-7

MODELS

N°. of Contactor Command Outputs

Output relay contact rating

Power supply voltage

Panelcut-out138

PCVIPLINK

COM1 2400 Mode: Single Begin: Tue May 07 02:58:58 PM 05/07/96-14:59:07INST:-OFV = 222.0P.F. = 0.90Frq = 49.90

PFRMD 14 stepsI = 768.00DVAr = 22000.00

W = 266000.00VAr = 128800.00KA=200.0 KV=1.0

Connected steps (1 ifconnected):from #1 to #7 11000000from #8 to #14 000000

Faulty steps (1 if faulty):from #1 to #7 0000000from #8 to #14 0000000

Temperature = 30°C

Step base weight = 20

P.F. required = 0.84

State byte0100000

The PFRMD OF regulator ca be connected by optic fibre(OF) to a remote personal computer for continuous controlof the status of the power factor correction equipment.

The VIPLINK software generally used ELCONTROLENERGY instruments, allows in-line reading of the followingmeasurements:

- Phase-Phase voltage (V)- Current (A)- Active Power (W)- Power Factor P.F.- Reactive Power (VAr)- Reactive power necessary to correct the power factor tothe preset value (VAr)- Frequency (Hz)- Step base weight (VAr)

In addition, information is supplied on the generallyoperating status of the power factor correction equipmentand the regulator:

- Temperature- Present power factor- Status Byte di stato (allarm, man\auto mode...)- Steps connected- Faulty steps

These readings are displayed on the screen with the optionof regular saving on disk and/or printout, with the frequencyset by the user.

Printing example:

05/08/96 15:59:18 INST: _OF PFRMD 14 stepsV = 219.0 I = 4.16 W = 1469.00 P.F.= 0.93 VAr = 581.00 Frq = 50.10 DVAr = 213.00Base weight = 2.0Temperature = 29 °C P.F.required = 0.97Connected steps: 11111111111111Faulty steps: 00000000000000Status: 01000000KA = 1.0KV = 1.0

GENERAL FEATURESPFRMD-OFINTERFACE

(4AAND)

OF - OFAMPLIFIER (4AAF4)

tratta OF75 metri max.

tratta OF

CONVERTEROF-RS232-9P

(4AAFQ)

PFRMD 3 PFRMD 4 PFRMD 5 PFRMD 6 PFRMD 7 PFRMD 10 PFRMD 12 PFRMD 14

3 4 5 6 7 10 12 14

5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC

110 - 220 - 380 VAC ± 10 % - 50/60 Hz

PFRMD-OF

Connection diagram for PFRMD steps 10-12-14

Technical features

General specifications• Voltage measurement input: max 750 VAC ± 10% (50/60 Hz selectable)• Current measuring input: max 5 Amp. (50/60 Hz selectable)• Input impedance: 4 MOhm• Current consumption: max 0,2 VA• Supply also possible from HV network. VT secondary connects to 100 - 120 VAC supply input terminals. HV CT secondary must be connected to terminals S1 - S2 of the PFRMD (VT connected phase-to phase - CT connected to third phase).• Zeroing device in absence of voltage measuring signal• A built-in filter provides normal operation of the regulator even in the presence of disturbances.• A number of output contacts equal to the number of capacitor steps.• Output contact rating: 5 Amperes- 250 VAC; or 2A-440VAC (for higher these ratings an auxiliary relay must be used).• Maximum rating of relay common terminal: 10A at 40°C.Mechanical specifications• Mechanical dimensions of the equipment: front panel 144x144 mm. according to standard DIN43700.• Insulated self-extinguishing container for flush mounting• Panel cut-out: 138x138 mm. (tolerance -0mm./ + 1mm.); maximum panel thickness: 12 mm.• Weight: from 1,45 to 1,6 Kg. (according to the version).• Transparent protective mask for the front panel• Connection board: screw connections• Screw brackets for mounting to panel. Maximum panel thickness 12 mm.

Insert the Current Transformer C.T. in series to the line with the greater amount of the inductive load. The C.T. is always connected upstreamof the reactive load and the power factor compensation capacitors. The line chosen for the C.T. becomes L1(R) in the connection diagram.

Power• Mains: 100 ÷ 120 VAC +/- 10% 50/60 Hz 200 ÷ 240 VAC +/- 10% 50/60 Hz 346 ÷ 415 VAC +/- 10% 50/60 Hz• Consumption 15 .VA maxMeasurements of the fundamental quantities• Measurement technique: Fixed sampling A/D• Sampling frequency: 2,5 KHz• Number of samples per phase: 250 (100 msec)• Repetition rate of measurement: 1 sec.Environmental conditions• Protection rating for the front panel with mask: IP 50• Operating temperature: from -10°C to + 70°C• Storage temperature: from -25°C to + 70°C• Relative humidity (maximum): 90 % at 20°C• Maximum altitude: 2000 meters.• To be installed internally, away from heat sourcesOrdering informationSTANDARD TYPES: PFRMD3/4/5/6/7/10/12/14.N.B. For special uses the PFRMD can be supplied with alarmPROGRAMMING different from the standard programming

Connection diagram for PFRMD steps 3-4-5-6-7

MODELS

N°. of Contactor Command Outputs

Output relay contact rating

Power supply voltage

Panelcut-out138

PCVIPLINK

COM1 2400 Mode: Single Begin: Tue May 07 02:58:58 PM 05/07/96-14:59:07INST:-OFV = 222.0P.F. = 0.90Frq = 49.90

PFRMD 14 stepsI = 768.00DVAr = 22000.00

W = 266000.00VAr = 128800.00KA=200.0 KV=1.0

Connected steps (1 ifconnected):from #1 to #7 11000000from #8 to #14 000000

Faulty steps (1 if faulty):from #1 to #7 0000000from #8 to #14 0000000

Temperature = 30°C

Step base weight = 20

P.F. required = 0.84

State byte0100000

The PFRMD OF regulator ca be connected by optic fibre(OF) to a remote personal computer for continuous controlof the status of the power factor correction equipment.

The VIPLINK software generally used ELCONTROLENERGY instruments, allows in-line reading of the followingmeasurements:

- Phase-Phase voltage (V)- Current (A)- Active Power (W)- Power Factor P.F.- Reactive Power (VAr)- Reactive power necessary to correct the power factor tothe preset value (VAr)- Frequency (Hz)- Step base weight (VAr)

In addition, information is supplied on the generallyoperating status of the power factor correction equipmentand the regulator:

- Temperature- Present power factor- Status Byte di stato (allarm, man\auto mode...)- Steps connected- Faulty steps

These readings are displayed on the screen with the optionof regular saving on disk and/or printout, with the frequencyset by the user.

Printing example:

05/08/96 15:59:18 INST: _OF PFRMD 14 stepsV = 219.0 I = 4.16 W = 1469.00 P.F.= 0.93 VAr = 581.00 Frq = 50.10 DVAr = 213.00Base weight = 2.0Temperature = 29 °C P.F.required = 0.97Connected steps: 11111111111111Faulty steps: 00000000000000Status: 01000000KA = 1.0KV = 1.0

GENERAL FEATURESPFRMD-OFINTERFACE

(4AAND)

tratta OF75 metri max.

tratta OF

CONVERTEROF-RS232-9P

(4AAFQ)

PFRMD 3 PFRMD 4 PFRMD 5 PFRMD 6 PFRMD 7 PFRMD 10 PFRMD 12 PFRMD 14

3 4 5 6 7 10 12 14

5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC

110 - 220 - 380 VAC ± 10 % - 50/60 Hz

PFRMD-OF

CESI approved

Insulated case in self-extinguishing material, forflus-mounting.Front panel 144x144 mm to DIN 43700 norms.Min. weight Kg 1,4 (PFR-4). Max. weight Kg 1,6(PFR-14)Transparent front panel cover.

Connection board - screw connectionsTc. 3,5x5 mm.Safety panel protecting connections.

Screw brackets for mounting to panel. Panelthickness approx 8 mm max.

FOR ALL AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CORRECTION NEEDS

OPERATION"PFR" automatic power factor regulators provide constant control of the reactive power absorbed by the load and connect anddisconnect capacitor banks as required to maintain the preset cosϕ.Connection and disconnection commands are given only for power variations exceeding the minimum sensitivity threshold given by thepreset C/K value.Connection and disconnection takes place after the command signal has continued without interruption for the preset delay timebetween steps (signal maintained).The sequence always starts from the first bank and works towards the last to ensure that any reactive power combination permitted bythe proportion 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 . . / 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 . . / 1 - 2 - 4 - 4 . . / 1 - 2 - 4 - 8 . . between the power rating of the first bank and that of thelateral bank can be achieved as quickly as possible and with minimum switching (the recommended power proportion is 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 . .).The number of combinations available is given by the sum of the above proportions (For example: PFR-4 used with proportion 1 - 2 - 4- 4 = N° 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 combinations).

TIPI E CARATTERISTICHE SPECIFICHE

STANDARD TYPES

VARIABIABLE TIME DELAY

FIXED TIME DELAY

WITH COSϕ DISPLAY

FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES (-25 +70 °C)

HARMONIC OVERLOAD CONTROL

PFR-F PFR-FI PFR-T PFR-TI PFR-HTA

• •

1st BANK

2nd BANK

3rd BANK

4th BANK

5th BANK

6th BANK

7th BANK

EXAMPLES OF PROPORTIONS BETWEEN BANKS

N° OF COMBINATIONS OBTAINED

PFR - 3 PFR - 4 PFR - 5 PFR - 6 PFR - 7 PFR - 12 PFR - 14

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methodas

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methodas

PFR Automatic Power Factor Regulators

CESI approved

Insulated case in self-extinguishing material, forflus-mounting.Front panel 144x144 mm to DIN 43700 norms.Min. weight Kg 1,4 (PFR-4). Max. weight Kg 1,6(PFR-14)Transparent front panel cover.

Connection board - screw connectionsTc. 3,5x5 mm.Safety panel protecting connections.

Screw brackets for mounting to panel. Panelthickness approx 8 mm max.

FOR ALL AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CORRECTION NEEDS

OPERATION"PFR" automatic power factor regulators provide constant control of the reactive power absorbed by the load and connect anddisconnect capacitor banks as required to maintain the preset cosϕ.Connection and disconnection commands are given only for power variations exceeding the minimum sensitivity threshold given by thepreset C/K value.Connection and disconnection takes place after the command signal has continued without interruption for the preset delay timebetween steps (signal maintained).The sequence always starts from the first bank and works towards the last to ensure that any reactive power combination permitted bythe proportion 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 . . / 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 . . / 1 - 2 - 4 - 4 . . / 1 - 2 - 4 - 8 . . between the power rating of the first bank and that of thelateral bank can be achieved as quickly as possible and with minimum switching (the recommended power proportion is 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 . .).The number of combinations available is given by the sum of the above proportions (For example: PFR-4 used with proportion 1 - 2 - 4- 4 = N° 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 combinations).

TIPI E CARATTERISTICHE SPECIFICHE

STANDARD TYPES

VARIABIABLE TIME DELAY

FIXED TIME DELAY

WITH COSϕ DISPLAY

PFR-F PFR-FI PFR-T PFR-TI PFR-HTA

• •

1st BANK

2nd BANK

3rd BANK

4th BANK

5th BANK

6th BANK

7th BANK

EXAMPLES OF PROPORTIONS BETWEEN BANKS

PFR - 3 PFR - 4 PFR - 5 PFR - 6 PFR - 7 PFR - 12 PFR - 14

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methodas

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methodas

PFR-HTAPFR-3HTA

TYPES OFAUTOMATIC POWER

FACTORREGULATORS

FIXED TIME DELAY TYPES, FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES (-25 +70 °C),WITH HARMONIC OVERLOAD CONTROL

••

5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC

110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ± 10% - 50 Hz

PFR-4HTA4

••

PFR-5HTA5

••

PFR-6HTA6

••

PFR-7HTA7

••

FIXED TIME DELAY TYPESWITH COSϕ DISPLAY

STANDARD FIXED TIME DELAY TYPES

PFR-T PFR-TITYPES OF

AUTOMATIC POWERFACTOR

REGULATORS

5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC 5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC

110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ± 10% - 50 Hz 110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ± 10% - 50 Hz

PFR-6TI

••

PFR-7TI

••

PFR-5TI

••

PFR-4TI

••

PFR-3TI

••

PFR-14T

PFR-12T

PFR-7T

PFR-6T

PFR-5T

PFR-4T

PFR-3T

TYPE WITH VARIABLE TIME DELAYAND COSϕ DISPLAYSTANDARD TYPES WITH VARIABLE TIME DELAY

PFR-F PFR-FITYPES OF

REGULATORS

5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC 5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC

110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ± 10% - 50 Hz 110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ± 10% - 50 Hz

PFR-7FI

PFR-6FI

PFR-5FI

PFR-4FI

PFR-3FI

PFR-14F

PFR-12F

PFR-7F

PFR-6F

PFR-5F

PFR-4F

PFR-3F

TECHNICAL FEATURES• Input voltage = 110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ±10%.• Max. power consumption = 10 VA (Max 20 VA PFR-14).• Max. current input 5 Amp. (Min. 250 mA).• Current consumption = Max 1 VA• Frequency = 50 Hz (on request 60 Hz).• Possibility of supply from MV (medium voltage) by connecting the 100 V output of the VT (voltage transformer) to the PFR 0-110 connections and the CT (current transformer) 5 amp. output to the CT - CT connections (VT connections on two phases and CT connection on third phase).• Zero-setting device for voltage failure.• Filter ensuring normal operation even in case of considerable line interference.• Cosϕ adjustment from 0.8 inductive to 0.9 capacitive.• Minimum connection value C/K adjustable from 0.05 to 1.• Time delay between banks automatically regulated between 6 and 30 sec. (PFRF/FI). Hight reactive power requirements mean short time delays, lower requirements longer delays.• Fixed time delay between banks 30 sec. (PFRT/TI/HT/HTA).• Number of output contacts equal to numer of banks.• Output contact rating 5 A - 250 VAC (100 VDC) (au auxilary relay should be added if highter is required).• Max capacity of relay common contact is 8 A at 40 °C.

CONTROL AND SIGNALLING GEAR ONFRONT PANEL• LED signalling of following functions: - mains-on condition - POWER - green LED; - inductive load - IND - red LED; - capacitive load - CAP - red LED; - bank of capacitors connected: 1-2-3...etc. - red LEDs; - capacitor disconnection following harmonic overload (only in HTA types) - red LED "High Harmonics rate".• Selector switch for automatic (AUT) or manual (MAN) operation.• Selector switch for manual connection (+) or disconnection (-) of capacitors.• Cosϕ adjustment from 0,8 inductive to 0,9 capacitive.• Sensitivity adjustment: C/K adjustment from 0,05 to 1 (C = power of first bank, K = CT transformer ratio).This device prevents the system from hunting. The first capacitorstep is connected when more than 70% of its reactive power isrequired to provide the preset cosϕ and is disconnected when theload is receiving reactive power in excess of the preset cosϕ by avalue equal to or more than 40% of the first step output.

OVERALL SIZE AND PANEL CUT DIMENSIONS(in mm)

EXAMPLES OF CONNECTION ON 400 V SYSTEM

PANEL CUT

REAR PLASTICCOVER

TRANSPARENTFRONT PANEL

COVER 137

SPECIAL DEVICES• Cosϕ DISPLAY: instantaneous, by means of a LED, for cosϕ from 0,7 inductive to 0,98 capacitive (types PFR-FI/TI).• Harmonic overload control device (types PFR/HTA).Operation: if the harmonic content exceeds the preset thresholdthe red LED illuminates and the capacitor banks are immediatelydiscontected.This state lasts until, owing to the capacitors' disconnection orsome other cause, the harmonic content falls back below thethreshold. The system will then resume normal operation.

ENVIRONMENTAL WORKING CONDITIONS• Production degree of front panel with cover: IP 50.• Operating temperature range: -10 + 40 °C (-10 +70 °C in HTA type).• Max. relative humidity 90% at 20 °C.• Max. altitude 2000 m above sea level• Indoor installation away from heat sources.

N° OF OUTPUTS FOR CONTACTORS

RELAY OUTPUT CONTACT RATING

VOLTAGE INPUT

VARIABLE TIME DELAY

FIXED TIME DISPLAY

WITH COSϕ DISPLAY

VOLTAGE INPUT

VARIABLE TIME DELAY

FIXED TIME DISPLAY

WITH COSϕ DISPLAY

FOR HIGHT TEMPERATURES (-10 +70 °C)

VOLTAGE INPUT

VARIABLE TIME DELAY

FIXED TIME DISPLAY

WITH COSϕ DISPLAY

PFR-HTAPFR-3HTA

TYPES OFAUTOMATIC POWER

FACTORREGULATORS

FIXED TIME DELAY TYPES, FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES (-25 +70 °C),WITH HARMONIC OVERLOAD CONTROL

••

5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC

110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ± 10% - 50 Hz

PFR-4HTA4

••

PFR-5HTA5

••

PFR-6HTA6

••

PFR-7HTA7

••

FIXED TIME DELAY TYPESWITH COSϕ DISPLAY

STANDARD FIXED TIME DELAY TYPES

PFR-T PFR-TITYPES OF

REGULATORS

5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC 5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC

110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ± 10% - 50 Hz 110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ± 10% - 50 Hz

PFR-6TI

••

PFR-7TI

••

PFR-5TI

••

PFR-4TI

••

PFR-3TI

••

PFR-14T

PFR-12T

PFR-7T

PFR-6T

PFR-5T

PFR-4T

PFR-3T

TYPE WITH VARIABLE TIME DELAYAND COSϕ DISPLAYSTANDARD TYPES WITH VARIABLE TIME DELAY

PFR-F PFR-FITYPES OF

REGULATORS

5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC 5 A 250 VAC - 100 VDC

110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ± 10% - 50 Hz 110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ± 10% - 50 Hz

PFR-7FI

PFR-6FI

PFR-5FI

PFR-4FI

PFR-3FI

PFR-14F

PFR-12F

PFR-7F

PFR-6F

PFR-5F

PFR-4F

PFR-3F

TECHNICAL FEATURES• Input voltage = 110 - 120, 220 - 240, 380 - 415 VAC ±10%.• Max. power consumption = 10 VA (Max 20 VA PFR-14).• Max. current input 5 Amp. (Min. 250 mA).• Current consumption = Max 1 VA• Frequency = 50 Hz (on request 60 Hz).• Possibility of supply from MV (medium voltage) by connecting the 100 V output of the VT (voltage transformer) to the PFR 0-110 connections and the CT (current transformer) 5 amp. output to the CT - CT connections (VT connections on two phases and CT connection on third phase).• Zero-setting device for voltage failure.• Filter ensuring normal operation even in case of considerable line interference.• Cosϕ adjustment from 0.8 inductive to 0.9 capacitive.• Minimum connection value C/K adjustable from 0.05 to 1.• Time delay between banks automatically regulated between 6 and 30 sec. (PFRF/FI). Hight reactive power requirements mean short time delays, lower requirements longer delays.• Fixed time delay between banks 30 sec. (PFRT/TI/HT/HTA).• Number of output contacts equal to numer of banks.• Output contact rating 5 A - 250 VAC (100 VDC) (au auxilary relay should be added if highter is required).• Max capacity of relay common contact is 8 A at 40 °C.

CONTROL AND SIGNALLING GEAR ONFRONT PANEL• LED signalling of following functions: - mains-on condition - POWER - green LED; - inductive load - IND - red LED; - capacitive load - CAP - red LED; - bank of capacitors connected: 1-2-3...etc. - red LEDs; - capacitor disconnection following harmonic overload (only in HTA types) - red LED "High Harmonics rate".• Selector switch for automatic (AUT) or manual (MAN) operation.• Selector switch for manual connection (+) or disconnection (-) of capacitors.• Cosϕ adjustment from 0,8 inductive to 0,9 capacitive.• Sensitivity adjustment: C/K adjustment from 0,05 to 1 (C = power of first bank, K = CT transformer ratio).This device prevents the system from hunting. The first capacitorstep is connected when more than 70% of its reactive power isrequired to provide the preset cosϕ and is disconnected when theload is receiving reactive power in excess of the preset cosϕ by avalue equal to or more than 40% of the first step output.

OVERALL SIZE AND PANEL CUT DIMENSIONS(in mm)

EXAMPLES OF CONNECTION ON 400 V SYSTEM

PANEL CUT

REAR PLASTICCOVER

TRANSPARENTFRONT PANEL

COVER 137

SPECIAL DEVICES• Cosϕ DISPLAY: instantaneous, by means of a LED, for cosϕ from 0,7 inductive to 0,98 capacitive (types PFR-FI/TI).• Harmonic overload control device (types PFR/HTA).Operation: if the harmonic content exceeds the preset thresholdthe red LED illuminates and the capacitor banks are immediatelydiscontected.This state lasts until, owing to the capacitors' disconnection orsome other cause, the harmonic content falls back below thethreshold. The system will then resume normal operation.

ENVIRONMENTAL WORKING CONDITIONS• Production degree of front panel with cover: IP 50.• Operating temperature range: -10 + 40 °C (-10 +70 °C in HTA type).• Max. relative humidity 90% at 20 °C.• Max. altitude 2000 m above sea level• Indoor installation away from heat sources.

VOLTAGE INPUT

VARIABLE TIME DELAY

FIXED TIME DISPLAY

WITH COSϕ DISPLAY

VOLTAGE INPUT

VARIABLE TIME DELAY

FIXED TIME DISPLAY

WITH COSϕ DISPLAY

VOLTAGE INPUT

VARIABLE TIME DELAY

FIXED TIME DISPLAY

WITH COSϕ DISPLAY

PFCD Automatic Power Factor Regulators

CESI approved

"PFCD" automatic power factor regulators provideconstant control of the reactive power required by theload and connect and disconnect capacitor banks asneeded to maintain the selected cosϕ. through thesuitable trimmer.Adjustable sensitivity C/K eliminates unnecessaryswitching. Connection or disconnection takes placeafter the command signal has continued withoutinterruption for the 30 sec. preset time delay betweensteps (signal maintained).The sequence always starst from the first bank and

works toward the last to ensure that any reactivepower combination permitted by the proportion 1 - 1 -1 - 1 . . / 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 . . / 1 - 2 - 4 - 4 . . / 1 - 2 - 4 - 8 . .between the power rating of the first bank and that ofthe last bank can be achieved as quicky as possibleand with minimum switching (the raccomended powerproportion is 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 . .).The number of combinations available is given by thesum of the above proportions (For example: PFC3Dused with proportions 1 - 2 - 4 = N° combinations 1+ 2 + 4 = 7). See table below.

PFCDPOWER SUPPLY

CT INPUTS CONTACTORCOMMAND OUTPUTS

LED SIGNALLINGOF CONNECTEDSTEPS

MAINSSIGNALLING

EXCESSTEMPERATURECONTROL

MAINS POWERSUPPLY

400 VAC ± 10 %

OUTPUT18 - 0 - 18 VAC

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER400 / 18 - 0 - 18 VAC - 9 VA(supply with PFCD)

C/K REGULATIONfrom 0,05 to 1

PRESENT FORAUTOMATIC (AUT)or MANUAL (MAN)COMMAND

SWITCH FOR MANUALCONNECTION (IN) orDISCONNECTION (OUT)of CAPACITOR BANKSin middle position (0)blocks capacitor banksalready connected

LED SIGNALLING OFINDUCTIV E LOAD (IN),CONNECTED CAPACITOR BANKSAND CAPACITIVE LOAD (OUT),DISCONNECTED CAPACITOR BANKS

COSϕSELECTABLE

FROM 0,8 IND.TO 0,9 CAP.

EXAMPLE OF POWER PROPORTIONS BETWEEN CAPACITOR BANKS

PFC3D PFC4D PFC5D PFC6D PFC7D

1st STEP

2nd STEP

3rd STEP

4th STEP

5th STEP

6th STEP

7th STEP

CESI approved

"PFCD" automatic power factor regulators provideconstant control of the reactive power required by theload and connect and disconnect capacitor banks asneeded to maintain the selected cosϕ. through thesuitable trimmer.Adjustable sensitivity C/K eliminates unnecessaryswitching. Connection or disconnection takes placeafter the command signal has continued withoutinterruption for the 30 sec. preset time delay betweensteps (signal maintained).The sequence always starst from the first bank and

works toward the last to ensure that any reactivepower combination permitted by the proportion 1 - 1 -1 - 1 . . / 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 . . / 1 - 2 - 4 - 4 . . / 1 - 2 - 4 - 8 . .between the power rating of the first bank and that ofthe last bank can be achieved as quicky as possibleand with minimum switching (the raccomended powerproportion is 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 . .).The number of combinations available is given by thesum of the above proportions (For example: PFC3Dused with proportions 1 - 2 - 4 = N° combinations 1+ 2 + 4 = 7). See table below.

PFCDPOWER SUPPLY

CT INPUTS CONTACTORCOMMAND OUTPUTS

LED SIGNALLINGOF CONNECTEDSTEPS

MAINSSIGNALLING

EXCESSTEMPERATURECONTROL

MAINS POWERSUPPLY

400 VAC ± 10 %

OUTPUT18 - 0 - 18 VAC

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER400 / 18 - 0 - 18 VAC - 9 VA(supply with PFCD)

C/K REGULATIONfrom 0,05 to 1

PRESENT FORAUTOMATIC (AUT)or MANUAL (MAN)COMMAND

SWITCH FOR MANUALCONNECTION (IN) orDISCONNECTION (OUT)of CAPACITOR BANKSin middle position (0)blocks capacitor banksalready connected

LED SIGNALLING OFINDUCTIV E LOAD (IN),CONNECTED CAPACITOR BANKSAND CAPACITIVE LOAD (OUT),DISCONNECTED CAPACITOR BANKS

COSϕSELECTABLE

FROM 0,8 IND.TO 0,9 CAP.

EXAMPLE OF POWER PROPORTIONS BETWEEN CAPACITOR BANKS

1st STEP

2nd STEP

3rd STEP

4th STEP

5th STEP

6th STEP

7th STEP

DEPENDABILY AT LOW COSTThe PFCD DIN rail mounting power factor regulator utilisesthe same electronics that have formed the heart of our30,000 automatic PFC units sold by Elcontrol Energyworldwide. Its track record is therefore is second to none,and makes the PFCD ideally placed to fulfill the marketrequirement for a simple low cost controller for small tomedium sized PFC equipment.It was this role that the PFCD was designed for.

SIMPLE "NO FRILLS" DESIGNThe PFCD was developed with the purpose in mind ofsupplyng the full performance expected of a power factorregulator: to connect and disconnect the capacitors inrelation to the pwer factor correction requirements of theload. It is possible to carry out a suitable regulation bymeans of the trimmer for the cosϕ selection.

TEMPERATURE CONTROLOvervoltages, harmonics, ambient temperature, etc, cancause overheating of the PF capacitor banks. When thisoccurs it is desiderable to disconnect the capacitors and toreconnect them when normal operating conditions arerestored in order to not damage the P.F.C. equipment.The temperature control device of the PFCD performs thisautomatically, ensuring longer capacitor life.

C.VIPD3FRAME KIT AND ACCESSORIES FOR PANELMOUNTING OF THE PFCD (Optional)The KIT includes: 1 plastic frame, 2 plastic frame clamps,2 threaded bars, 2 blocking nuts, 1 pre-drilled DIN rail.The panel cut dimensions for inserting the frame are46x180 mm.

OVERALL SIZE AND PANEL CUT DIMENSIONS in mm

POWER321

0ALARM

PFCD4 5 6 7

0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

45 62 46

PANEL CUT

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

TYPES AND PERFORMANCE TABLE

N° CONTACTOR COMMAND OUTOUTS

POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE

INTERVAL BETWEEN STEPS

COSϕ CALIBRATION

FOR HIGHT TEMPERATURE CONTROL

WEIGHT (gr.)

5 A 250 VAC - 2 A 440 VAC

400 V ±10% with trasformer 400 / 18 - 0 - 18 VAC supplied with PFCD (230 VAC on request)

Fixed at 30 sec. (signal maintained)

Selectable from 0,8 IND to 0,9 CAP

Alarms and step release above 55 °C; steps reconnected below 45 °C

TYPES OF AUTOMATIC POWERFACTOR CORRECTION

REGULATORS

3 4 5 6 7

940 960 980 990 1000

POWER321

0ALARM

PFCD0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

POWER321

0ALARM

0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

POWER321

0ALARM

PFCD4 5

0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

POWER321

0ALARM

PFCD4 5 6

0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

POWER321

0ALARM

PFCD4 5 6 7

0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

VERSATILE MOUNTING- DIN rail mounting.- Panel Mounting with the "C. VIPD3", (Frame KIT) available on request.

DEPENDABILY AT LOW COSTThe PFCD DIN rail mounting power factor regulator utilisesthe same electronics that have formed the heart of our30,000 automatic PFC units sold by Elcontrol Energyworldwide. Its track record is therefore is second to none,and makes the PFCD ideally placed to fulfill the marketrequirement for a simple low cost controller for small tomedium sized PFC equipment.It was this role that the PFCD was designed for.

SIMPLE "NO FRILLS" DESIGNThe PFCD was developed with the purpose in mind ofsupplyng the full performance expected of a power factorregulator: to connect and disconnect the capacitors inrelation to the pwer factor correction requirements of theload. It is possible to carry out a suitable regulation bymeans of the trimmer for the cosϕ selection.

TEMPERATURE CONTROLOvervoltages, harmonics, ambient temperature, etc, cancause overheating of the PF capacitor banks. When thisoccurs it is desiderable to disconnect the capacitors and toreconnect them when normal operating conditions arerestored in order to not damage the P.F.C. equipment.The temperature control device of the PFCD performs thisautomatically, ensuring longer capacitor life.

C.VIPD3FRAME KIT AND ACCESSORIES FOR PANELMOUNTING OF THE PFCD (Optional)The KIT includes: 1 plastic frame, 2 plastic frame clamps,2 threaded bars, 2 blocking nuts, 1 pre-drilled DIN rail.The panel cut dimensions for inserting the frame are46x180 mm.

OVERALL SIZE AND PANEL CUT DIMENSIONS in mm

POWER321

0ALARM

PFCD4 5 6 7

0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

45 62 46

PANEL CUT

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

TYPES AND PERFORMANCE TABLE

N° CONTACTOR COMMAND OUTOUTS

POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE

INTERVAL BETWEEN STEPS

COSϕ CALIBRATION

FOR HIGHT TEMPERATURE CONTROL

WEIGHT (gr.)

5 A 250 VAC - 2 A 440 VAC

400 V ±10% with trasformer 400 / 18 - 0 - 18 VAC supplied with PFCD (230 VAC on request)

Fixed at 30 sec. (signal maintained)

Selectable from 0,8 IND to 0,9 CAP

Alarms and step release above 55 °C; steps reconnected below 45 °C

TYPES OF AUTOMATIC POWERFACTOR CORRECTION

REGULATORS

3 4 5 6 7

940 960 980 990 1000

POWER321

0ALARM

PFCD0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

POWER321

0ALARM

0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

POWER321

0ALARM

PFCD4 5

0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

POWER321

0ALARM

PFCD4 5 6

0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

POWER321

0ALARM

PFCD4 5 6 7

0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.®

VERSATILE MOUNTING- DIN rail mounting.- Panel Mounting with the "C. VIPD3", (Frame KIT) available on request.

EXAMPLES OF CONNECTION ON400 V SYSTEM

SPECIAL DEVICES- Temperature control with disconnection of the capacitor banks when the second threshold of 55° C. is exeeded (red alarm LED ON). Normal functioning resumes when the temperature goes below the first threshold of 45 °C (alarm Led off).

ENVIRONMENTAL WORKING CONDITIONS- Production degree of front panel with cover = IP40- Operating temperature range = -10 +70 °C (storage temperature range = -25 +40 °C)- Max. relative humidity = ≤ 90% at 20 °C- Max. altitude = 2,000 mt- Indoor installation away from heat sources.e.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS- Input voltage = 400 VAC ±10% by transformer 400 / 18 - 0 - 18 VAC - 9 VA- Max. power consumption = Max 9 VA- Max. current input = Max 5 Amp. (Min. 250 mA)- Assorbimento amperometrica = Max 1 VA- Frequency = 50 Hz- High temperature shut-down device- Zero resetting device for voltage failure.- Filter ensuring normal operation even in case of considerable line interference.- Selectable Cosϕ from 0,8 IND. to 0,9 CAP..- Minimum connection value C/K adjustable from 0.05 to 1.- Time delay between banks = 30 sec. (5 sec. on request).- Number of output contacts equal to numer of banks.- Output contact rating = 5 Amp - 250 VAC or 2 Amp - 440 VAC.

N.B. The PFCD supplied on request with power supply440 V, 60 Hz frequency.

CONTROL AND SIGNALLING GEAR ONFRONT PANEL- LED signalling of following functions: • mains-on condition - POWER - green LED. • inductive load - IN - red LED; • capacitive load - OUT - red LED; • bank of capacitors connected: 1-2-3...etc. - red LEDs; • High temperature alarm - red Led.- Selector switch for automatic (AUT) or manual (MAN) functioning.- Selector switch for manual connection (IN) or disconnection (OUT) manual of capacitors- C/K selector switch: values from 0,05 a 1. (C = power of the step, K = overall ratio of C.T.)This device prevents the system from hunting. The firstcapacitor step is connected when more than 70% of itsreactive power is required to provide the selected cosϕ andis disconnected when the load is receiving reactive powerin excess of the selected cosϕ by a value equal to or morethan 40% of the first step output.

POWER321

0ALARM

PFCD4 5 6 7

0.1 0.2

20V~ 0 S220V~

C 1 2 3 7654

COSϕ0.8 IND.

0.9 CAP.

N L3(T)

CARICO 1°RR

TV - 9VAIN DOTAZIONE

400 18

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automatic power factor regulators - ndtnet.comndtnet.com/m/elc/regulators_eng.pdf · automatic...

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