automatic air pollution detection - inicio · automatic air pollution detection system for open...

AUTOMATIC AIR POLLUTION DETECTION

SYSTEM FOR OPEN SPACES

@apd® @integra

air pollution detector

SLIDE #2 of 33

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. The ideas behind @apd® 2. @apd® components

3. Technical issues related to @apd® 1. Field of vision2. Light beam reception

4. Main features of @apd®

5. Possible uses6. Test results



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #3 of 33

1. The ideas behind @apd® (I)

@integra has developed a new technology for the early detection of just-

emitted pollutant plumes, which has materialized in the product @apd®. The

technology is called Optical Pseudo-random Signal Extraction and Noise

Elimination (OPSENE), or with the more intuitive name of NeoLIDAR, as it

shows similarities with the well known LIDAR

technology. It is based on the capture and

analysis of the radiation scattered by the

pollutant particles as they are illuminated by

the so-called Pseudo-Random Modulated

Beam (PRMB), generated by the system

itself.



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #4 of 33

1. The ideas behind @apd® (II)

The system @apd® is based on the NeoLIDAR technology, developed and

patented by @integra, and it shows the following main features:

● It does not detect heat, nor depends on the

source temperature. It is not a thermal system.

● It detects feeble pollutant plumes beyond 3 km,

in less than 3 minutes (daylight conditions).

● It is much more efficient at nighttime than at

daytime.

● It scans the surveyed area (360 deg) in some 3

minutes.

● Real time monitoring of detected plumes.



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #5 of 33

1. The ideas behind @apd® (III)

Light scattering is generated when the

electromagnetic (EM) radiation interacts

with the particles of a smoke plume. The

EM wave energy is affected by the

extinction = scattering + absorption.



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #6 of 33

1. The ideas behind @apd® (IV)

EMISORRECEPTORThe @apd® detection mechanism is

similar to that used by LIDAR,

although with remarkable

differences. The emitter sends to

infinity a Pseudo-Random Modulated

Beam (PRMB), with very special

characteristics known to the system.

As it hits a pollutant plume above

horizon, the PRMB is scattered in all

directions. A tiny fraction of this

scattered PRMB gets back to the

unit (backscattering), where it is

detected.

EMITTERRECEIVER



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #7 of 33

1. The ideas behind @apd® (V)



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #8 of 33

1. The ideas behind @apd® (VI)

The PRMB is

sent over the

horizon, above

any existing

obstacle. If the

PRMB does not

impinge on

any plume, it will be lost to infinity and no backscattered PRMB will

reach the system. This is the normal state of @apd® .



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #9 of 33

1. The ideas behind @apd® (VII)

is carried out by @apd®. If it gets through the false alarm filters, the camera will take a picture of the pollutant plume and send the information to the Control Centre.

When the emitted PRMB hits a pollutant plume, it is scattered in all directions, and a tiny fraction gets back to the receiver. A target analysis



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #10 of 33

1. The ideas behind @apd® (VIII)



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #11 of 33

1. The ideas behind @apd® (and IX)

The most important features of @apd® are the capability to detect plumes of pollutant particles in air at a very early stage (in the case of fires even when there is no open flame), and the ability to reduce false alarms.

The most important features of @apd® are the capability to detect plumes of pollutant particles in air at a very early stage (in the case of fires even when there is no open flame), and the ability to reduce false alarms.



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #12 of 33

2. @apd® components (I)

EMITTER

EMITTERThe Emitter generates the PRMB and modulates it with a predetermined code, so that the System can recognise it when detected. The light source is not a LASER. The wavelength is matched to the average particle size (1mm for smoke, infrared).

The signal is continuously emitted with a configurable power, depending on the azimuth angle. @apd® checks that a signal exists at any time.



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #13 of 33

2. @apd® components (II)

RECEIVER

The Receiver is made up of a great optical system in whose focal plane an advanced electronic sensor is accurately positioned. The system sensitivity is extraordinary, specially if one takes into account that it discriminates solar radiation (I

bs/I

sun<10-9).

This is why it performs much better at nighttime.

@apd® is able to detect very tiny fractions of scattered PRMB.

RECEIVER



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #14 of 33

2. @apd® components (III)

The detection process is based on the repeated application of powerful algorithms, able to obtain the desired signal within an enormous noise level. The system is endowed with 5 microprocessors, each executing a different task: mathematical calculations, global system management, gimbal mount movement, video management, communication control, compensation from external perturbations,...

ELECTRONIC BOARDS(distributed intelligence)



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #15 of 33

2. @apd® components (IV)

CAMERA

The camera is only used when @apd® has detected some backscattered PRMB, after the system verifies twice that it is not a false alarm.

The camera is only employed to supply evidence to the operator. It is not part of the active detection process. @apd® can host more than one camera, and each can be of any type: standard, infrared, thermal,...

CAMERA



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #16 of 33

2. @apd® components (V)

@apd® gimbal mount allows for a rotating movement around the azimuth and zenith axis. It is controlled by one of the system's microprocessor. It is very rugged, resists easily the harshest environmental conditions, it withstands a far greater load than that of actual @apd®, and it shows an excellent repeatability.

It integrates vibration, movement, inclination and orientation sensors, in order to endow it with a superior mechanical stability. It completes a full rotation in less than 3 minutes.

GIMBAL MOUNT



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #17 of 33

2. @apd® components (VI)

The system communicates through standard WiFi (industrial environment), UMTS/3G or GSM/GPRS (forestry). The data traffic is small and the system will perform properly above 300 kbps.

Other communication alternatives:●Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA). ●Radio-link.●Satellite communications.●Zigbee.

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #18 of 33

2. @apd® components (VII)

The system just needs 12Vdc/18W to carry out the detection process and to monitor the area under its surveillance. Thus, if such a small power supply is available at the installation place, the system will feed from it.

Other alternatives for the system are:● Solar panel.● Micro-wind generator.● Direct Methanol Fuel Cell ● Replaceable batteries.

POWER SUPPLY



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #19 of 33

2. @apd® components (and VIII)



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #20 of 33

3. Technical issues related to @apd® (I)

1. Field of vision (I)1. Field of vision (I)

The system has been optimally designed to send out the PRMB in steps of a certain angle until it covers the required zone. @apd® can rotate 360 degrees or any fraction thereof. It can have different emission power, sensitivity, repetition rate, sampling time, detection threshold,... for each azimuth.

When the emitter sends out the PRMB, both the emitter and the detector must be perfectly aligned. Performing that action continuously, the system covers the area under its influence in a 24*7 regime.



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #21 of 33

3. Technical issues related to @apd® (II)

1. Field of vision (and II)1. Field of vision (and II)The picture shows an image of the @apd® camera in a forest. The measurements of the incoming light are done for each movement of the system, covering a small circle of few degrees above horizon. The camera has deliberately a much more wide view, to improve the vision of the detected incidents.



@apd® @integra


3. Technical issues related to @apd® (III)



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #23 of 33

3. Technical issues related to @apd® (IV)

The PRMB, which normally stretches to infinity, hits a pollutant plume which has shown over horizon. The PRMB is scattered in all directions, including the one at 180 degrees (backscattering) that leads back to the Receiver.

@apd® recognises its own emitted light when the Receiver detects it. The PRMB detection is caused by the presence of a target above horizon. The software analyses the received signal and discriminate the false alarms.

2. PRMB reception (II)2. PRMB reception (II)



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #24 of 33

3. Technical issues related to @apd® (and V)

The Detector picks up the backscattered light generated in the impact of PRMB with the pollutant plume. The feeble received signal is strongly amplified, the software discriminates the false alarms and, if a positive identification results, a potential alarm warning is sent to the Control Centre with a picture to assess the situation.

2. PRMB reception (and III)2. PRMB reception (and III)



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #25 of 33

4. Main features of @apd® (I)

◘ @apd® generates its own PRMB with known characteristics.

◘ @apd® can detect minute fractions of the scattered PRMB due to a triple amplification (optical, electronic algorithmic). This is why it can detect feeble pollutant plumes at a very early stage.

◘ @apd® sweeps its surveillance area in some 3 minutes.

◘ @apd® detects feeble plumes at 3 km and denser ones at higher range (> 5 km).

◘ @apd® has a validation process that reduces false alarms. The system acts as a radar which tracks/monitors all active plumes.

◘ @apd® helps in the decision making process sending pictures or video recordings of the detected pollutant plume.



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #26 of 33

4. Main features of @apd® (and II)

◘ @apd® operates on a 24x7 basis and its detection is enhanced in nighttime operation.

◘ @apd® is autonomous and automatic, and does not require continuous human intervention. It must only be attended when a pollutant plume is detected.

◘ @apd® only responds to its own emitted light. Besides, it is extremely sensitive to this light (<10-9).

◘ Manual remote control of @apd® from Control Centre is possible.

◘ @apd® software is remotely updated, even the firmware. The units are kept updated without physically going to them.

◘ @apd® sends periodically warnings about its state, in order to facilitate the maintenance and remote diagnose of any problem.



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #27 of 33

5. Possible uses (I)

◘ Continual monitoring of emissions in pollutant industries, even at night.

◘ Harbours that load/unload bulk materials (coal, cement, minerals...).

◘ Storage yards for coal and other minerals.

◘ Thermal electric power plants, which burn coal and produce ashes.

◘ Chemical and petrochemical plants.

◘ Papermills, sawmills and wood panel factories.

◘ Fodder factories and of other organic compounds.

◘ Fertilizer factories and of other powdery materials.

◘ Chemical and bacteriological warfare applications.

◘ Mounted on a van can be used for itinerant surveillance.



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #28 of 33

6. Test results (I)

@apd® range is only limited by the PRMB emitted power. The following case shows the results obtained in an actual test with a non-laser PRMB of 3 W of optical power. The target is a small industrial smoke plume from a factory located at 3 km away from the System. The test in conducted in day conditions.



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #29 of 33

6. Test results (II)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Angulo 354,5 19_39_55

Distancia / kmRed line: Detection thresholdBlack line: NeoLIDAR signal

Results when the PRMB is directed to infinity. No

effective detection.

Red circle above: Surveyed area



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #30 of 33

6. Test results (III)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Angulo 0,0 19_48_44

Distancia / km

Results with PRMB at some 4 deg. above

horizon. Very thin smoke.

Red line: Detection thresholdBlack line: NeoLIDAR signal




@apd® @integra


SLIDE #31 of 33

6. Test results (IV)


Red circle above: Surveyed area0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Angulo 0,0 19_48_50

Distancia / km

Results with PRMB at some 4 deg. above horizon. Very

thin smoke.Helicopter within field.



@apd® @integra


SLIDE #32 of 33

6. Test results (and V)



0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60Angulo 358,0 19_33_40

Distancia / km

Results with PRMB at some 1 deg. above

horizon. Very thin smoke.

33

Integraciones Tecnicas de Seguridad, S.A.Integra Telecomunicacion, Seguridad y Control, S.A.

Pol.Ind.Espiritu Santo-C/Nobel, 15 15660 - Cambre - A Coruna - Spain

[email protected] www.integraciones.com

Tel. +34 981 639608 Fax + 34 981 637981

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION

JAVIER GARCIA [email protected]

automatic air pollution detection - inicio · automatic air pollution detection system for open...

Documents