automated system for air pollution detection and control

International Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Management ISSN 2320 – 3439, Vol. 06, No. 02, March 2017, pp. 137-139

IJAEM 060229 Copyright @ 2017 SRC. All rights reserved

Automated System for Air Pollution Detection and Control in Vehicles

D.Rambabu1, G.Dhanya Sri2, D.Kiran Kumar2, B.Sai Kishan2, MD.intyaz2

1Associate Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Ramachandra College of Engineering, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2 B. Tech. Students, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Ramachandra College of Engineering, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract. Vehicles have become an integral part of every one's life. Situations and circumstances demand the usage of vehicles in this fast paced urban life. Every vehicle will have emission but the problem occurs when it is beyond the standardized values. This emission from vehicles cannot be completely avoided but, it definitely can be controlled. This paper aims at using semi-conductor sensors at the emission outlets of vehicles which detects the level of pollutants and also indicates this level with a meter. When the pollution exceeds the threshold level, there will be a buzz in the vehicle to indicate that the limit has been breached and the vehicle will stop after a certain period of time, a cushion time given for the driver to park his/her vehicle. During this time period, the GSM sends message to the nearest service stations. After the timer runs out, the fuel supplied to the engine will be cut-off. The synchronization and execution of the entire process is monitored and controlled by a micro controller. Keywords. Sensors, GSM and Controller

Introduction

The incomplete combustion in the engine of a vehicle leads to emission of different gases contributing to increase in the pollution and adversely affecting the environment. Detection and control of these gases is an important area of work. This emission from vehicles cannot be completely avoided but, it definitely can be controlled. Now a day’s accidents are common reason for deaths. These are critical things to control so here we come up with a concept to reduce pollution and detect the location of accident using GPS. As a solution to the above problems we aim to build an automated control system for emission level control of vehicle and accident place detection. Smoke detector is used to detect the carbon percentage in the smoke released by the vehicle due to combustion of fuel in it. Smoke detector is fixed at the end of the exhaust of vehicle from where smoke is released into the environment.

The smoke detector detects carbon and gives it to the Microcontroller to check the maximum percentage of carbon content in the smoke released by vehicles. Temperature sensor can be used to sense the temperature in the vehicle. So the controller checks the percentage of carbon and temperature, if it exceeds the threshold level the system gets triggered and the engine comes to halt state and then it sends SMS about this to the nearby pollution control office through GSM. Literature Survey

Over the years, there have been several regulations made by the Government to control the emission from vehicles; most of them being unsuccessful at the same. The standards and the timeline for implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control Board under the Ministry of Environment & Forests. Bharat stage emission

Standards are emission standards instituted by the Government of India to regulate the output of air Pollutants from internal combustion engine equipment, including motor vehicles. The first emission norms were introduced in India in 1991 for petrol and 1992 for diesel vehicles. These were followed by making the Catalytic converter mandatory for petrol vehicles and the introduction of unleaded petrol in the market. On April 29, 1999 the Supreme Court of India ruled that all vehicles in India have to meet Euro I or India 2000 norms by June 1, 1999 and Euro II will be mandatory in the NCR by April 2000. Car makers were not prepared for this transition and in a subsequent judgment the implementation date for Euro II was not enforced. The standards, based on European regulations were first introduced in 2000. Progressively stringent norms have been rolled out since then. All new vehicles manufactured after the implementation of the norms have to be compliant with the regulations. Since October 2010, Bharat stage III norms have been enforced across the country. In 13 major cities, Bharat stage IV emission norms are in place since April 2010.

In this paper, the semiconductor sensors have been used to detect the pollutant level of the vehicles. This Paper concentrates mainly on three blocks; smoke detector, microcontroller and fuel injector. The smoke detector detects the pollutants (CO, NOx, etc.) continuously. The microcontroller compares the level of pollutants with the stipulated level allowed by the government. When the pollutant level exceeds the standardized limit, it sends a signal to the fuel injector. On receiving a signal from the controller, the fuel injector stops the fuel supply to the engine after a particular period of time.

Automated System for Air Pollution Detection and Control in Vehicles


Hardware Specification A) MicroControllerSST89E516RD Microprocessors and microcontrollers system from the basic idea. The contrast between a microcontroller and a microprocessor is best exemplified by the fact that most microprocessors have many operational codes for moving data from external memory to the CPU; microcontrollers have one or two. Microprocessors have one or two types of bit handling instructions; microcontrollers will have many. The microprocessor is concerned with rapid movement of code and data from external addresses to the chip; the microcontroller is concerned with rapid movement of bits within the chip. The microcontroller can function as a computer with the addition of no external digital parts; the microprocessor must have additional parts to be operational.

The SST89E516RD is a member of the Flash Flex family of 8-bit microcontroller products designed and manufactured with SST patented and proprietary Super Flash CMOS semiconductor process technology. The split-gate cell design and thick-oxide tunneling injector offer significant cost and reliability benefits for SST customers. It uses the 8051 instruction set and is pin-for-pin compatible with standard 8051 microcontroller devices. B) SENSORS

a. Smoke Sensor b. CO Sensor

a.Smoke Sensor: Photoelectric diode can be used as a smoke

detector. The light from the light source on the left shoots straight across and misses the sensor. When smoke enters the chamber, however, the smoke particles scatter the light and some amount of light hits the sensor:

Fig 1. A-LIGHT SOURCE, B-Photo diode Working of Smoke Sensor

The sensor then sets off the horn in the smoke detector. Photoelectric detectors are better at sensing smoky fires, such as a soldering mattress.

b.CO SENSOR Sensitive material of MQ-2 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air. When the target combustible gas exist, The sensor’s conductivity is more higher along with the gas concentration rising. Please use simple electro

circuit, Convert change of conductivity to correspond output signal of gas concentration FEATURES

• Good sensitivity to Combustible gas in wide range.

• High sensitivity to LPG, Propane and Hydrogen.

• Long life and low cost. • Simple drive circuit

C) GSM Technology GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephone technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1,800 MHz frequency band. It supports voice calls and data transfer speeds of up to 9.6 kbits/s, together with the transmission of SMS (Short Message Service).

Table 1. Comparison of Different Technologies Block Diagram

Fig 2. Block Diagram.

D.Rambabu, G.Dhanya Sri, D.Kiran Kumar, B.Sai Kishan, MD.intyaz


D) PROCESS

Authentication Process:

E) RESULTS

Fig 3. Overall kit

Fig 4. SMS Generated by GSM F) CONCLUSION

The concept of detecting the level of Pollution and indicating it to the driver is implemented. There is an increase in the level of Pollution over the last couple of decades, leading to several Environmental problems. There will be a

huge population, who do not take care of the pollution from their vehicles seriously, which has already resulted in several environmental problems such as Ozone layer depletion and so on. Hence this system will be highly beneficial in curbing this problem. REFERENCES [1] The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture,

Programming and Applications by Kenneth J Ayala.

[2] Fundamentals Of Digital Signal Processing By Robert. J. Schilling and Sandra. L .Harris, Thomson

[3] MCS51 series authorized manual. [4] http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Stage_emi

ssion_standards [5] George F. Fine, Leon M. Cavanaugh, Ayo

Afonja and Russell Binions " Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor Gas Sensors in Environmental

[6] Monitoring", Sensors 2010, 10, 5469-5502; doi:10.3390/s100605469

[7] K. Galatsis, W. Wlodarsla, K. Kalantar-Zadeh and A. Trinchi "Investigation of gas sensors for vehicle cabin air quality monitoring,” vol. 42, pp. 167-175, 2002.

[8] “Trade of Motor Mechanic”; Module 5; Unit 2 Electronic Fuel injection; Phase 2 by FÁS Learning Innovation Unit with Martin McMahon &

[9] CDX Global; Curriculum Revision 2.2 16-01-07.

automated system for air pollution detection and control

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