auto racing
TRANSCRIPT
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Auto racing 1
Auto racing
Auto racing
Sebastian Vettel overtaking Mark Webber during the 2013 Malaysian Grand Prix
Highest governing body FIA
First contested April 28, 1887
Characteristics
Mixed gender Yes
Categorization Outdoor
Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, car racing or motorcar racing) is a motorsport involving the
racing of automobiles for competition.
History
The beginning of competition
Motoring events began soon after the construction of the first successful gasoline-fueled automobiles. The first
organized contest was on April 28, 1887, by the chief editor of Paris publication Le Vlocipde, Monsieur Fossier. It
ran 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Neuilly Bridge to the Bois de Boulogne. It was won by Georges Bouton of the De
Dion-Bouton Company, in a car he had constructed with Albert, the Comte de Dion, but as he was the only
competitor to show up it is rather difficult to call it a race.
Another solo event occurred in 1891 when Auguste Doriot and Louis Rigoulot of Peugeot drove their
gasoline-fueled Type 3 Quadricycle in the bicycle race from ParisBrestParis. By the time they reached Brest, the
winning cyclist Charles Terront was already back in Paris. In order to publicly prove the reliability and performanceof the 'Quadricycle' Armand Peugeot had persuaded the organiser, Pierre Giffard ofLe Petit Journal, to use his
network of monitors and marshalls to vouchsafe and report the vehicle's performance. The intended distance of
1200 km had never been achieved by a motorised vehicle, it being about three times further than the record set by
Leon Serpollet from Paris to Lyon.[1][2]
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Auto racing 2
Albert Lematre classified first in his Peugeot 3hp in the
1894 ParisRouen.
ParisRouen: the world's first motoring contest
On July 23, 1894, the Parisian magazine Le Petit Journal
organized what is considered to be the world's first motoring
competition from Paris to Rouen. Sporting events were a tried
and tested form of publicity stunt and circulation booster.Pierre Giffard, the paper's editor, promoted it as a Competition
for Horseless Carriages (Concours des Voitures sans
Chevaux) that were not dangerous, easy to drive, and cheap
during the journey. Thus it blurred the distinctions between a
reliability trial, a general event, and a race. One hundred and
two competitors paid 10 francs entrance fee.
Sixty-nine cars started the 50 km (31 mi) selection event that
would show which entrants would be allowed to start the main
event, the 127 km (79 mi) race from Paris to Rouen. The entrants ranged from serious manufacturers like Peugeot,
Panhard, or De Dion to amateur owners; only 25 were selected for the main race.
The race started from Porte Maillot and went through the Bois de Boulogne. Count Jules-Albert de Dion was first
into Rouen after 6 hours and 48 minutes at an average speed of 19 km/h. He finished 3'30" ahead of Albert Lematre
(Peugeot), followed by Doriot (Peugeot) at 16'30", Ren Panhard (Panhard) at 33'30" and mile Levassor (Panhard)
at 55'30". The official winners were Peugeot and Panhard as cars were judged on their speed, handling and safety
characteristics. De Dion's steam car needed a stoker which was forbidden.
Early races
The ParisBordeauxParis race of June 1895 has sometimes been described as the "first motor race", despite the
1894 event being decided by speed and finishing order of the eligible racers.Wikipedia:Disputed statement The firstto arrive was mile Levassor in his Panhard-Levassor 1205cc model. He completed the course (1,178 km or
732 miles) in 48 hours and 47 minutes, finishing nearly six hours before the runner-up. The official winner was Paul
Koechlin in a Peugeot. Nine of twenty-two starters finished the course.
The first American automobile race is generally held to be the Thanksgiving Day Chicago Times-Herald race of
November 28, 1895. Press coverage of the event first aroused significant American interest in the automobile. The
54.36-mile (87.48 km) course ran from the South side of the city, north along the lakefront to Evanston, Illinois, and
back again. Frank Duryea won the race in 10 hours and 23 minutes, beating the other five entrants. [3]
The first regular auto racing venue was Nice, France, run in late March 1897, as a "Speed Week."[citation needed] To
fill out the schedule, most types of racing events were invented here, including the first hill climb (NiceLa Turbie)
and a sprint that was, in spirit, the first drag race.
An international competition, between nations rather than individuals, began with the Gordon Bennett Cup in auto
racing.
The Parisian artist Ernest Montaut, and his wife Marguerite, faithfully documented the rapidly changing face of
motorised transportation in Europe. They produced large numbers of posters and prints published by Mabileau et
Cie, covering racing events involving motorcars, aircraft, dirigibles and speedboats. These images formed a valuable
contribution to the history of transport, and particularly to its racing aspect.
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Auto racing 3
City-to-city racing
Fernand Gabriel driving a Mors in Paris-Madrid
1903
With auto construction and racing dominated by France, the French
automobile club ACF staged a number of major international races,
usually from or to Paris, connecting with another major city, in France
or elsewhere in Europe.
The very successful early European rally races ended in 1903 when
Marcel Renault was involved in a fatal accident near Angoulme in the
Paris-Madrid race. Nine fatalities caused the French government to
stop the race in Bordeaux and ban open-road racing.[citation needed]
In 1907 the Peking to Paris race covered 9,317 miles over some of the
roughest terrain on Earth. Five cars took part in the race, which was won by the Italian Prince Scipione Borghese in a
7,433 cc (453.6 cu in) 35/45 hp model Itala.
The longest automobile race in history, with Paris as the finish line was the 1908 New York to Paris Race. Six teams
from France, Italy, Germany, and the United States competed with three teams actually reaching Paris. The
American Thomas Flyer driven by George Schuster was declared the winner of the epic 22,000 mile race in 169days.
The first purpose-built racing circuits
The Milwaukee Mile is the 2nd oldest motor racing track in the world, with racing being held there since 1903. It
was not purposely built for motor racing, it started as a one-mile (1.6 km) horse racing track in the 19th century.
Knoxville Raceway in Knoxville, Iowa is the oldest racing venue, and one of the most prestigious, in the United
States. It was built in the late 1800s at the Marion County Fairgrounds in Iowa. It was built for a horse racing track,
such as the Milwaukee Mile. Although sanctioned races weren't held until 1914, one automobile race was held in
1901. The race was not good because of the wind. But starting in 1961 the first Knoxville Nationals was won by RoyRobbins. Now the Nationals are sanctioned by the World of Outlaws.
From 1903 to 1914, a one-mile dirt oval track was run on Brunots Island, just south of Pittsburgh on the Ohio River.
Louis Chevrolet won the AAA Champion car in 1905. On September 10, 1907, Rex Reinersten was fatally injured in
a crash here. In 1916, Chevrolet won the first Universal Films Trophy at the mile and an eighth Uniontown
Speedway board track,. [4] south of Pittsburgh in Hopwood, Pennsylvania.
A remaining section of the Brooklands track
today.
Brooklands in Surrey, England, was the first purpose built motor
racing venue, opening in June 1907. It featured a 4.43 km (2.75 mi)
concrete track with high-speed banked corners. Brooklands was also a
centre of the aviation industry, with Vickers setting up a factory and
aerodrome there during World War I. The racing circuit was closed in1939 as war-time aircraft production took over. Damage done to the
track during World War II meant the track never reopened for racing.
Competition gradually spread to other parts of the British Empire. The
first competition in India was held in 1905 by the Motor Union of
Western India. It ran from Delhi to Mumbai, (Delhi-Bombay trials
1905) a distance of 810 miles (1,300 km) in an attempt to expose India
to the automobile and test its suitability for Indian conditions. Lord Curzon, the Viceroy, gave his consent to the
event.
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Auto racing 4
19101950
The 1930s saw the transformation from high-priced road cars into pure racers, with Alfa Romeo, Auto Union,
Bugatti, Delage, Delahaye, and Mercedes-Benz constructing streamlined vehicles with engines producing up to
450 kW (603 hp), aided by multiple-stage supercharging. From 1928 to 1930 and again in 19341936, the maximum
weight permitted was 750 kg (1,653 lb), a rule diametrically opposed to current racing regulations. Extensive use of
aluminum alloys was required to achieve light weight, and in the case of the Mercedes, the paint was removed tosatisfy the weight limitation, producing the famous Silver Arrows. NASCAR was founded by William France, Sr.,
on February 21, 1948, with the help of several other drivers of the time. The first NASCAR "Strictly Stock" race
ever was held on June 19, 1949, at Daytona Beach, Florida. The Strictly Stock division was put on hold as American
automobile manufacturers were unable to produce family sedans quickly enough to keep up with post-World War II
demand.
1950present
After the Second World War, sports car racing emerged as a distinct form of racing with its own classic races, and,
from 1953, its own FIA sanctioned World Championship. NASCAR's Strictly Stock Division was renamed the
"Grand National" division beginning in the 1950 season. Over a period of more than a decade, modifications for bothsafety and performance were allowed, and by the mid-1960s, the vehicles were purpose-built race cars with a
stock-appearing body.
From 1962 sports cars temporarily took a back seat to GT cars with the FIA replacing the World Championship for
Sports Cars with the International Championship for GT Manufacturers.[5] Through the 1960s, as superspeedways
were built and old dirt tracks were paved, the number of dirt races was reduced. [6]
A breed of powerful hybrids appeared in the 1950s and 1960s and raced on both sides of the Atlantic, featuring
European chassis and large American enginesfrom the early Allard cars via hybrids such as Lotus 19s fitted with
large engines through to the AC Cobra. The combination of mostly British chassis and American V8 engines gave
rise to the Can-Am series in the 1960s and 1970s. This series, based in the United States and Canada, featuredlightweight prototype sports cars fitted with large, powerful production-based engines that produced speeds in excess
of 200 mph. Clubmans provided much entertainment at club-racing level from the 1960s into the 1990s and John
Webb revived interest in big sports prototypes with Thundersports in the 1980s. Group 4 Grand Touring Cars and
Group 5 Special Production Cars became the premier form of Sports car racing from 1976, with prototypes going
into a general decline apart from Porsche 936 domination at Le Mans and a lower-key series of races for smaller
two-litre Group 6 prototypes. The last NASCAR race on a dirt track was held on September 30, 1970 at the half-mile
State Fairgrounds Speedway in Raleigh, North Carolina. From 1972 through 2003, NASCAR's premier series was
called the Winston Cup Series, sponsored by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company cigarette brand Winston. The
changes that resulted from RJR's involvement, as well as the reduction of the schedule from 48 to 31 races a year,
established 1972 as the beginning of NASCAR's "modern era".In Europe, the FIA adopted the ACO GTP rules virtually unchanged and sanctioned the Group C World Endurance
Championship (or World Sportscar Championship), featuring high-tech closed-cockpit prototypes. In the USA, the
IMSA Camel GTP series boasted close competition between huge fields of manufacturer-backed teams and privateer
squadsthe cars were technically similar to Group Cs but used a sliding scale of weights and engine capacities to
try to limit performance. The FIA attempted to make Group C into a virtual "two seater Grand Prix" format in the
early 1990s, with engine rules in common with F1, short race distances, and a schedule dovetailing with that of the
F1 rounds. The IMSA GT Championship had been prototype-based since 1983, with less emphasis on production
cars. Australian Production Car Championship was first contested in 1987, with the inaugural champion determined
from the results of two races held at the Winton Motor Raceway in Victoria on September 27. The first World
Touring Car Championship, which was open to Group A Touring Cars, was held in 1987 concurrent to thelong-running European Touring Car Championship (ETCC). Additional rounds were held outside Europe at Bathurst
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in Australia, Calder Park Raceway in Australia (using both the road course and the then newly constructed
Thunderdome), Wellington in New Zealand and Mount Fuji in Japan. The Drivers Championship was won by
Roberto Ravaglia in a BMW M3 and the Entrants Championship was won by the Eggenberger Texaco Ford No 7
entry, which was a Ford Sierra. Winston Cup Series underwent a large boom in popularity in the 1990s. [7] This
coincided with a decline of popularity in American Championship Car Racing. The FISA decided to separate the
rally cars into three classes: Group N (production cars), Group A (modified production cars), and Group B (modified
sport cars). Group B was introduced by the FIA in 1982 as replacement for both Group 4 (modified grand touring)
and Group 5 (touring prototypes) cars.
The IMSA GT Series evolved into the American Le Mans Series; which ran its first season in 1999, the European
races eventually became the closely related Le Mans Series, both of which mix prototypes and GTs. The SCCA
World Challenge consists of a one hour race for each round, combining three classes: GT (Chevrolet Corvette, Aston
Martin DB9, etc.), "GTS" (Acura TSX, BMW 3-series, etc.; replaced the former touring car class), and Touring Car
(a "showroom stock" class similar to Grand Am's Continental Challenge). NASCAR was becoming increasingly
dominant and the IndyCar Series' split from CART in 1996 put more emphasis on ovals regarding domestic
open-wheel racing.
Categories
Formula racing
Charles Pic testing the Caterham CT03 at Circuit
de Catalunya
The best-known variety of single-seater racing, Formula One, involves
an annual World Championship for drivers and constructors.
In single-seater (open-wheel) the wheels are not covered, and the cars
often have aerofoil wings front and rear to produce downforce and
enhance adhesion to the track. In Europe and Asia, open wheeled
racing is commonly referred to as "Formula", with appropriatehierarchical suffixes. In North America, the "Formula" terminology is
not followed (with the exception of F1). The sport is usually arranged
to follow an "international" format (such as F1), a "regional" format
(such as the Formula 3 Euro Series), and/or a "domestic", or country-specific format (such as the German Formula 3
championship, or the British Formula Ford).
Will Power during 2008 Indy 500 Practice
In North America, the cars used in the National Championship
(currently the IndyCar Series, and previously CART) have traditionally
been similar though less sophisticated than F1 cars, with more
restrictions on technology aimed at controlling costs. The series' most
famous race is the Indianapolis 500.
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Auto racing 6
Formula Three car racing at the Hockenheimring,
2008
The other major international single-seater racing series is GP2
(formerly known as Formula 3000 and Formula Two). Regional series
include Formula Nippon and Formula V6 Asia (specifically in Asia),
Formula Renault 3.5 (also known as the World Series by Renault,
succession series of World Series by Nissan), Formula Three, Formula
Palmer Audi and Formula Atlantic. In 2009, the FIA Formula TwoChampionship brought about the revival of the F2 series. Domestic, or
country-specific series include Formula Three, Formula Renault,
Formula Ford with the leading introductory series being Formula
BMW.[citation needed]
Single seater racing is not limited merely to professional teams and drivers. There is a large amateur 'club racing'
scene catering for those who want to race single seaters against similar people all over the world. In the UK the
major club series are the Monoposto Racing Club, BRSCC F3 (Formerly ClubF3, formerly ARP F3), Formula Vee
and Club Formula Ford. Each series caters for a section of the 'market', with some primarily providing low cost
racing while others aim for an authentic experience using the same regulations as the professional series (BRSCC
F3).
There are other categories of single-seater racing, including kart racing, which employs a small, low-cost machine on
small tracks. Many of the current top drivers began their careers in karts. Formula Ford once represented a popular
first open-wheel category for up-and-coming drivers stepping up from karts and now the Formula BMW series is the
preferred option as it has introduced an aero package and slicks, allowing the junior drivers to gain experience in a
race car with dynamics closer F1. The Star Mazda Series is another entry level series.
The full electric Formula Student/Formula SAE
car of the Eindhoven University of Technology
Students at colleges and universities can also take part in single seater
racing through the Formula SAE competition, which involves
designing and building a single seater car in a multidisciplinary team,
and racing it at the competition. This also develops other soft skillssuch as teamwork while promoting motorsport and engineering.
In 2006, producer Todd Baker was responsible for creating the world's
first all-female Formula racing team. The group was an assemblage of
drivers from different racing disciplines, and formed for an MTV
reality pilot which was shot at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca.
Racing Drivers View.
In December 2005 the FIA gave approval to Superleague Formula
racing which debuted in 2008 whereby the racing teams are owned and
run by prominent sports clubs such as AC Milan and Liverpool F.C..
After 25 years away from the sport, former Formula 2 champion,
Jonathan Palmer, reopened the F2 category again, most drivers have
graduated from the Formula Palmer Audi series. The category is
officially registered as the FIA Formula Two championship. Most
rounds have two races and are support races to the FIA World Touring
Car Championship.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA_World_Touring_Car_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA_World_Touring_Car_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Palmer_Audihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Palmerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_F.C.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AC_Milanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superleague_Formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AIn_Car_Micheal_Fitzgerald_Cork_Racing.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mazda_Raceway_Laguna_Secahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Todd_Bakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_SAEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AURE05e.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eindhoven_University_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_SAEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Studenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_Mazda_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_BMWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kart_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monoposto_Racing_Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_BMWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_BMWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA_Formula_Two_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA_Formula_Two_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Atlantichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Palmer_Audihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Palmer_Audihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Threehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Series_by_Nissanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Renault_3.5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_V6_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Nipponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Twohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_3000http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GP2_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AFormel3_racing_car_amk.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hockenheimringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Three -
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Touring car racing
Opening lap of 2012 WTCC Race of Japan
Touring car racing is a style of road racing that is run with production
derived race cars. It often features full-contact racing due to the small
speed differentials and large grids.
The major touring car championships conducted worldwide are the V8
Supercars (Australia), British Touring Car Championship, Deutsche
Tourenwagen Masters (DTM), and the World Touring Car
Championship. The European Touring Car Cup is a one-day event
open to Super 2000 specification touring cars from Europe's many
national championships.
The Sports Car Club of America's SPEED World Challenge Touring Car and GT championships are dominant in
North America. America's historic Trans-Am Series is undergoing a period of transition, but is still the
longest-running road racing series in the U.S. The National Auto Sport Association also provides a venue for
amateurs to compete in home-built factory derived vehicles on various local circuits.
Sports-car racing
FIA GT1 at Silverstone in 2011
In sports car racing, production derived versions of sports cars also
known as grand tourers (GTs), and purpose built sports prototype cars
compete within their respective classes on closed circuits. The main
global championship series for GT car racing is the FIA GT1 World
Championship. There is also the FIA GT3 European Championship as
well as the less powerful GT4 European Cup. Previously, an
intermediate FIA GT2 European Championship existed, but the FIA
dropped it to cut costs. Other major GT championships include the
Japanese Super GT championship and the International GT Open for GT2 and GT3 cars. There are also national GT
championships using mainly GT3 and GT4 cars featuring professional and amateur drivers alike.
The Audi R18: one of the best (Le Mans)
prototypes ever made.
Sports prototypes, unlike GT cars, do not rely on road legal cars as a
base. They are closed wheel and often closed cockpit purpose built
race cars intended mainly for endurance racing. They have much lower
weight and more down force compared to GT cars making them much
faster. They are raced in the 24 hours of Le Mans and in the
(European) Le Mans series, Asian Le Mans Series and the American
Le Mans Series. These cars are referred to as LMP (Le Mans
prototype) cars with LMP1 being run mainly by manufacturers and theslightly less powerful LMP2 cars run by privateer teams. All three Le
Mans Series run GT cars in addition to Le Mans Prototypes; these cars
have different restrictions than the FIA GT cars.
These races are often conducted over long distances, at least 1,000 km (621 mi), and cars are driven by teams of two
or more drivers, switching every few hours. Due to the performance difference between production-based sports cars
and purpose-built sports prototypes, one race usually involves several racing classes each fighting for their own
championship. Another prototype and GT racing championship exists in the United States, which began in 2000, the
Grand-Am, sanctions its own endurance series the Rolex Sports Car Series which consists of slower and lower cost
race cars compared to LMP and FIA GT cars.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolex_Sports_Car_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_American_Road_Racing_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Le_Mans_Prototypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Le_Mans_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Le_Mans_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asian_Le_Mans_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Le_Mans_serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAudi_R18_e-tron_quattro_no1_top_view_2012_WEC_Fuji.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_R18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_GT_Openhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Super_GThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA_GT2_European_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GT4_European_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA_GT3_European_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA_GT1_World_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA_GT1_World_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sports_prototypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sports_carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sports_car_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3A2011_FIA_GT1_Silverstone_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_FIA_GT1_World_Championship_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silverstonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA_GT1_World_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Auto_Sport_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trans-Am_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SPEED_World_Challengehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sports_Car_Club_of_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Super_2000http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Touring_Car_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Touring_Car_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Touring_Car_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Mastershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Mastershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Touring_Car_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V8_Supercarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V8_Supercarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3A2012_WTCC_Race_of_Japan_%28Race_1%29_opening_lap.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2012_WTCC_season -
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Famous sports car races include the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the Rolex 24 at Daytona, 24 Hours of
Spa-Franchorchamps, the 12 Hours of Sebring, and the 1,000-mile (1,600 km) Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta. There
is also the 24 Hours of the Nrburgring on the infamous Nordschleife track and the Dubai 24 Hour which is aimed at
GT3 and below cars with a mixture of professional and pro-am drivers.
Production-car racingProduction-car racing, otherwise known as "showroom stock" in the US, is an economical and rules-restricted
version of touring-car racing, mainly used to restrict costs. Numerous production racing categories are based on
particular makes of cars.
Most series follow the Group N regulation with a few exceptions. There are several different series that are run all
over the world, most notably, Japan's Super Taikyu and IMSA's Firehawk Series which ran between the 1980s to
1990s all over the United States.
One-make racing
One-make, or single marque, championships often employ production-based cars from a single manufacturer or even
a single model from a manufacturer's range. There are numerous notable one-make formulae from various countries
and regions, some of whichsuch as the Porsche Supercup and, previously, IROChave fostered many distinct
national championships. Single marque series are often found at club level, to which the production-based cars,
limited modifications, and close parity in performance are very well suited. Some of the better-known single-make
series are the Mini 7 Championship [8] (Europe's longest running one make championship), the Radical European
Masters, John Cooper Mini Challenge [9], Clio Cup, Ginettas, Caterhams, BMWs, and MX5s. There are also
single-chassis single seater formulae, such as Formula Renault and Formula BMW, usually as "feeder" series for
"senior" race formula (in the fashion of farm teams).
Stock car racing
The 2012 FedEx 400 NASCAR Sprint Cup Seriesrace at Dover International Speedway
In North America, stock car racing is the most popular form of auto
racing. Primarily raced on oval tracks, stock cars vaguely resemble
production cars, but are in fact purpose-built racing machines which
are built to tight specifications also called Silhouette racing cars.
The largest stock car racing governing body is NASCAR (National
Association for Stock Car Auto Racing). NASCAR's premier series is
the Sprint Cup Series, its most famous races being the Daytona 500,
the Southern 500, the Coca-Cola 600, and the Brickyard 400.
NASCAR also runs several feeder series, including the Nationwide
Series, and Camping World Truck Series (a pickup truck racing series).
The series conduct races across the entire continental United States.
The NASCAR Canadian Tire Series conducts races across Canada and the NASCAR Corona Series conducts races
across Mexico.
NASCAR also governs several smaller regional series, such as the Whelen Modified Tour. Modified cars are best
described as open-wheel cars. Modified cars have no parts related to the "stock" vehicle for which they are named
after. A number of Modified cars display a "manufacturers" logo and "vehicle name", yet use components produced
by another automobile manufacturer.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whelen_Modified_Tourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NASCAR_Corona_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NASCAR_Canadian_Tire_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Continental_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pickup_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camping_World_Truck_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nationwide_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nationwide_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brickyard_400http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coca-Cola_600http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bojangles_Southern_500http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daytona_500http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sprint_Cup_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NASCARhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silhouette_racing_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oval_track_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stock_car_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3A2012_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series_FedEx_400_at_Dover_International_Speedway.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dover_International_Speedwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sprint_Cup_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2012_FedEx_400http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farm_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_BMWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Renaulthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open_wheel_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MaX5_Racing_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumho_BMW_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caterham_Racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ginetta_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renault_Clio_Cuphttp://www.minichallenge.co.uk/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_European_Mastershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_European_Mastershttp://www.mini7.co.uk/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Race_of_Championshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porsche_Supercuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Motor_Sports_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group_Nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dubai_24_Hourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=24_Hours_N%C3%BCrburgringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Road_Atlantahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petit_Le_Manshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=12_Hours_of_Sebringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spa_24_Hourshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spa_24_Hourshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolex_24_at_Daytonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=24_Hours_of_Le_Mans -
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An ASA Late Model Series stock car on an
asphalt track.
There are also other stock car governing bodies, such as Automobile
Racing Club of America and United Speed Alliance Racing.
In the UK, British Stock car racing is also referred to as "Short Circuit
Racing". This takes place on shale or tarmac tracksusually around
1/4 mile long. The governing bodies for the sport are the Oval Racing
Council (ORC) and BriSCA. Both bodies are made up of individualstadium promoters. There are around 35 tracks in the UK and upwards
of 7000 active drivers. The sport is split into three basic "divisions"
distinguished by the rules regarding car-contact during racing. The
most famous championship is the BriSCA F1 Stock Cars. Full contact
formulas include Bangers, Bombers and Rookie Bangersand racing features Demolitions Derbies, Figure of Eight
racing and Oval Racing
Semi Contact Formulas include BriSCA F1, F2 and Superstoxwhere bumpers are used tactically.
Non-contact formulas include National Hot Rods, Stock Rods and Lightning Rods.
UK Stock car racing started in the 1950s and grew rapidly through the 1960s and 1970s.
Rallying
Andreas Mikkelsen driving a VW Polo R WRC
during the 2013 Rally de Portugal
Rallying at international and most national championship levels
involves two classes of homologated road legal production based car;
Group N Production cars and more modified Group A cars. Cars
compete on closed public roads or off-road areas run on a
point-to-point format where participants and their co-drivers "rally" to
a set of points, leaving in regular intervals from start points. A rally is
typically conducted over a number of "special stages" on any terrain,
which entrants are often allowed to scout beforehand at reduced speeds
compiling detailed shorthand descriptions of the track or road as they
go. These detailed descriptions are known as "pace notes." During the
actual rally, the co-driver reads the pace notes aloud (using an
in-helmet intercom system) to the driver, enabling them to complete each stage as quickly as possible. Competition
is based on lowest total elapsed time over the course of an event's special stages, including penalties.
The top series is the World Rally Championship (WRC), but there also regional championships and many countries
have their own national championships. Some famous rallies include the Monte Carlo Rally, Rally Argentina, Rally
Finland and Rally GB. Another famous event (actually best described as a "rally raid") is the Paris-Dakar Rally.
There are also many smaller, club level, categories of rallies which are popular with amateurs, making up the "grassroots" of motor sports. Cars at this level may not comply fully with the requirements of group A or group N
homologation. As well as the WRC other major rally events include the British Rally Championship, Intercontinental
Rally Challenge, African Rally Championship, Asia-Pacific Rally Championship and endurance rally events like the
Dakar Rally.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dakar_Rallyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asia-Pacific_Rally_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Rally_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_Rally_Challengehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_Rally_Challengehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Rally_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Rally_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homologation_%28motorsport%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group_Nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Categories_of_rallieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paris-Dakar_Rallyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rally_raidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rally_GBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rally_Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rally_Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rally_Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monte_Carlo_Rallyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Rally_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group_Nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homologation_%28motorsport%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rallyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAndreas_Mikkelsen_-_WRC_Portugal_2013_%288647047945%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2013_Rally_de_Portugalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VW_Polo_R_WRChttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Mikkelsenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BriSCA_F1_Stock_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Stock_car_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Speed_Alliance_Racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile_Racing_Club_of_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile_Racing_Club_of_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ABrettSontag2010LateModelRockfordSpeedway.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ASA_Late_Model_Series -
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"Der Panzerwagen" at the 2010 Targa Tasmania
The Targa Tasmania, held on the Australian island state of Tasmania
and run annually since 1992, takes its name from the Targa Florio, a
former motoring event held on the island of Sicily. The competition
concept is drawn directly from the best features of the Mille Miglia, the
Coupe des Alpes and the Tour de Corse.[citation needed] Similarly named
events around the world include the Targa Newfoundland based inCanada, Targa West based in Western Australia, Targa New Zealand
and other smaller events.
Drag racing
Jet-propulsed dragster in Tarlton, South Africa
In drag racing, the objective is to complete a given straight-line
distance, from a standing start, ahead of a vehicle in a parallel lane.
This distance is traditionally mile (400 m), though mile (200 m)
has become popular since the 1990s. The vehicles may or may not be
given the signal to start at the same time, depending on the class of
racing. Vehicles range from the everyday car to the purpose-built
dragster. Speeds and elapsed time differ from class to class. Average
street cars cover the mile in 12 to 16 seconds, whereas a top fuel
dragster takes 4.5 seconds or less, reaching speeds of up to 530 km/h
(329 mph). Drag racing was organized as a sport by Wally Parks in the
early 1950s through the NHRA (National Hot Rod Association). The NHRA was formed to discourage street racing.
When launching, a top fuel dragster will accelerate at 3.4 g (33 m/s), and when braking parachutes are deployed the
deceleration is 4 g (39 m/s), more than the Space Shuttle experiences. A top fuel car can be heard over 8 miles(13 km) away and can generate a reading from 1.5 to 3.9 on the Richter scale.
Drag racing is two cars head-to-head, the winner proceeding to the next round. Professional classes are all first to the
finish line wins. Sportsman racing is handicapped (slower car getting a head start) using an index (a lowest e.t.
allowed), and cars running under (quicker than) their index "break out" and lose. The slowest cars, bracket racers, are
also handicapped, but rather than an index, they use a dial-in.
Off-road racing
Rod Hall in a Hummer H3 during a Best in the
Desert race
In off-road racing, various classes of specially modified vehicles,
including cars, compete in races through off-road environments. InNorth America these races often take place in the desert, such as the
famous Baja 1000. In Europe, "offroad" refers to events such as
autocross or rallycross, while desert races and rally-raids such as the
Paris-Dakar, Master Rallye or European "bajas" are called
"cross-country rallies."
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paris-Dakar_Rallyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baja_1000http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Off-road_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AStockmini.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Best_in_the_Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Best_in_the_Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hummer_H3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rod_Hall_%28racer%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drag_racing%23Dial-inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Head_start_%28positioning%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richter_magnitude_scalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G-forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Street_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NHRAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wally_Parkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Top_fuel_dragsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Top_fuel_dragsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drag_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ATarlton-Drag_racing-004.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarlton%2C_Gautenghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drag_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Targa_New_Zealandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Targa_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Targa_Newfoundlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tour_de_Corsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coupe_des_Alpeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mille_Migliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sicilyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Targa_Floriohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Targa_Tasmaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ALongford_extreme_slide_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Targa_Tasmania -
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Kart racing
A sprint kart race in Atwater California hosted by
the International Karting Federation
Laguna Seca, Monterey, 2008
The modern kart was invented by Art Ingels, a fabricator at the
legendary Indianapolis-car manufacturer Kurtis-Kraft, in Southern
California in 1956. Ingels took a small chainsaw engine and mounted it
to a simple tube-frame chassis weighing less than 100 lb. Ingels, and
everyone else who drove the kart, were startled at its performancecapabilities. The sport soon blossomed in Southern California, and
quickly spread around the world. Although often seen as the entry
point for serious racers into the sport, kart racing, or karting, can be an
economical way for amateurs to try racing and is also a fully fledged
international sport in its own right. A large proportion of professional
racing drivers began in karts, often from a very young age, such as
Michael Schumacher and Fernando Alonso. Several former motorcycle
champions have also taken up the sport, notably Wayne Rainey, who
was paralysed in a racing accident and now races a hand-controlled
kart. As one of the cheapest ways to race, karting is seeing itspopularity grow worldwide.
Despite their diminutive size, karting's most powerful class, superkart,
can have a power-to-weight ratio of 440 hp/tonne.
Historical racing
As modern motor racing is centered on modern technology with a lots of corporate sponsors and politics involved,
historical racing tends to be the opposite. Because it is based on a particular era it is more hobbyist oriented,
reducing corporate sponsorship and politics. Events are regulated to only allow cars of a certain era to participate.
The only modern equipment used is related to safety and timing. A historical event can be of a number of different
motorsport disciplines. Notably some of the most famous events of them all are the Goodwood Festival of Speed and
Goodwood Revival in Britain and Monterey Historic in the United States. Championships range from "grass root"
Austin Seven racing to the FIA Thoroughbred Grand Prix Championship for classic Formula One chassis.
While there are several professional teams and drivers in historical racing, this branch of auto sport tends to be
contested by wealthy car owners and is thus more amateur and less competitive in its approach.
Other categories
Some may not be considered auto racing but are a form of other motorsport
See also Category:Auto racing by type
Autocross
Autograss
Banger racing
Board track racing
Demolition derby
Dirt speedway racing
Dirt track racing
Drifting (motorsport)
Folkrace High Performance Drivers Education
Hillclimbing
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hillclimbinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Performance_Drivers_Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Folkracehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drifting_%28motorsport%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dirt_track_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dirt_speedway_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demolition_derbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Board_track_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banger_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autograsshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autocrosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Auto_racing_by_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auto_sporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_Onehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA_Thoroughbred_Grand_Prix_Championshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austin_7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monterey_Historichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goodwood_Revivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goodwood_Festival_of_Speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Historical_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superkarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wayne_Raineyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Alonsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Schumacherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kart_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMonterey_Historic.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montereyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laguna_Secahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAtwaterSat394.jpg -
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Auto racing 12
Ice racing
Legends car racing
Midget car racing
Mini Sprint
Monster truck
Mud Bogging
Pickup truck racing
Rallycross
Road racing
Rock Crawling
Sandrail
Short track motor racing
Slalom
Solar car racing
Sprint car racing
Wheelstand Competition
Use of flags
In many types of auto races, particularly those held on closed courses, flags are displayed to indicate the general
status of the track and to communicate instructions to competitors. While individual series have different rules, and
the flags have changed from the first years (e.g., red used to start a race), these are generally accepted.
Flag Displayed from start tower Displayed from observation post
The session has started or resumed after a full course caution or stop. End of hazardous section of track.
Full course caution condition for ovals. On road courses, it means a local area of
caution. Depending on the type of racing, either two yellow flags will be used for afull course caution or a sign with 'SC' (Safety car) will be used as the field follows
the pace/safety car on track and no cars may pass.
Local caution conditionno cars may pass at the
particular corner where being displayed. WhenStationary indicates hazard off-course, when Waving
indicates hazard on-course.
Debris, fluid, or other hazard on the track surface. Debris, fluid, or other hazard on the track surface.
The car with the indicated number must pit for consultation. The session is halted, all cars on course must return to
pit lane. May also be seen combined with a green flag
to indicate oil on track, typically referred to as a 'pickle'
flag combination.
The car with the indicated number has mechanical trouble and must pit.
The driver of the car with the indicated number has been penalized for
misbehaviour.The driver of the car with the indicated number is disqualified or will not be scored
until they report to the pits.
The car should give way to faster traffic. Depending on the series this may be a
command or merely advisory.
A car is being advised to give way to faster traffic
approaching.
The session is stopped. All cars must halt on the track or return to pit lane.
Depending on the series, either one lap remains or a slow vehicle is on the track. A slow vehicle is on the track.
The session has concluded.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Chequered.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_White.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Red.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Blue.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_White_Cross.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Black_White.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Orange_Circle.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Black.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Oil.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pace_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safety_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Yellow.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Green.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wheelstand_Competitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sprint_car_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar_car_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autocrosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_track_motor_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandrailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rock_Crawlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Road_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rallycrosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pickup_truck_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mud_Bogginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monster_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mini_sprinthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midget_car_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legends_car_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice_racing -
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Auto racing 13
Accidents
For the worst accident in racing history see 1955 Le Mans disaster. ( See also Deaths in motorsports)
Racing-car setup
In auto racing, the racing setup or car setup is the set of adjustments made to the vehicle to optimize its behaviour
(performance, handling, reliability, etc.). Adjustments can occur in suspensions, brakes, transmissions, engines, tires,
and many others.
Racing driver
Racing drivers at the highest levels are usually paid by the team, or by sponsors, and can command very substantial
salaries.
Contrary to what may be popularly assumed, racing drivers as a group do not have unusually good reflexes. During
countless physiological (and psychological) evaluations of professional racing drivers, the two characteristics that
stand out are racers' near-obsessive need to control their surroundings (the psychological aspect), and an unusual
ability to process fast-moving information (physiological). In this, researchers have noted a strong correlation
between racers' psychological profiles and those of fighter pilots. In tests comparing racers to members of the
general public, the greater the complexity of the information processing matrix, the greater the speed gap between
racers and the public. Due partly to the performance capabilities of modern racing cars, racing drivers require a high
level of fitness, focus and the ability to concentrate at high levels for long periods in an inherently difficult
environment.
In particular, racing cars such as formula cars and sports prototypes that generate a substantial amount of downforce
are able to corner at speeds that impose extremely large g-forces on drivers. Formula 1 drivers routinely experience
g-loadings in excess of 4.5 g. In addition the races can last several hours, with heartrates commonly above 140 bpm,
and so drivers need to be supremely fit. For more normal cars, fitness is not nearly as much an issue.
References
[1] Peugeot Fan Club. History. 1890 - 1895 From Steam to Petrol (http://peugeot.mainspot.net/hist03.shtml)
[2] UCAPUSA. Peugeot Heritage (http://www.ucapusa.com/heritage_peugeot.htm)
[3] Profile of Frank Duryea (http://www.historicracing.com/driversSearch.cfm?keyword=duryea&search_type=A&search_full=N&x=0&
y=0), Historic Racing
[4] http://www.uniontownspeedway.com
[5][5] Denis Jenkinson, Automobile Year Book Of Sports Car Racing, 1982
[6] Fielden, Greg, "NASCAR Cleans Up", Speedway Illustrated, September 2004.
[7] Autoracing1.com (http://www.autoracing1.com/GoodBoys/2001/0726Part3.htm) "NASCAR's Greatest MomentsPart 3". Retrieved
March 12, 2009.
[8] http://www.mini7.co.uk
[9] http://www.minichallenge.co.uk
http://www.minichallenge.co.uk/http://www.mini7.co.uk/http://www.autoracing1.com/GoodBoys/2001/0726Part3.htmhttp://www.uniontownspeedway.com/http://www.historicracing.com/driversSearch.cfm?keyword=duryea&search_type=A&search_full=N&x=0&y=0http://www.historicracing.com/driversSearch.cfm?keyword=duryea&search_type=A&search_full=N&x=0&y=0http://www.ucapusa.com/heritage_peugeot.htmhttp://peugeot.mainspot.net/hist03.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G-forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Downforcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sports_prototypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transmission_%28mechanics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suspension_%28vehicle%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Car_handlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Racing_setuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deaths_in_motorsportshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1955_Le_Mans_disaster -
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Auto racing 14
External links
Sanctioning bodies
Motor Sports Association (MSA UK) (http://www.msauk.org/)
American Le Mans Series (ALMS) (http://www.americanlemans.com/)
Indy Racing League (IRL) (http://www.indycar.com/)
World Rally Championship (WRC) (http://www.wrc. com/) Fdration Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) (http://www.FIA.com)
Grand American Road Racing Association (http://www.grandamerican.com)
International Hot Rod Association (IHRA) (http://www.ihra.com)
International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) (http://www.imsaracing.net/)
National Auto Sport Association (http://www.nasaproracing.com)
National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) (http://www.nascar.com/)
National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) (http://www.nhra.com)
SCORE International Off-Road Racing (http://www.score-international.com/)
Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) (http://www.scca.org/)
United States Auto Club (USAC) (http://www.usacracing.com/)
Formula One (F1) (http://www.formula1.com/)
Confederation of Australian Motorsport (CAMS) (http://www.cams.com.au/)
http://www.cams.com.au/http://www.formula1.com/http://www.usacracing.com/http://www.scca.org/http://www.score-international.com/http://www.nhra.com/http://www.nascar.com/http://www.nasaproracing.com/http://www.imsaracing.net/http://www.ihra.com/http://www.grandamerican.com/http://www.fia.com/http://www.wrc.com/http://www.indycar.com/http://www.americanlemans.com/http://www.msauk.org/ -
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Article Sources and Contributors 15
Article Sources and ContributorsAuto racing Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=573993997 Contributors: *bj*, -oo0(GoldTrader)0oo-, 200.191.188.xxx, 2404:C800:9002:8:0:0:0:12, 28421u2232nfenfcenc,2D, 3DRivers, 50lover2020, 87hs2011, AAAAA, AEMoreira042281, AJB83, AKADriver, AbbyBaker, Abigail-II, Addshore, Adel Hosny, Adrian M. H., AdventurousSquirrel, Ahoerstemeier,AirsoftLife, Aitias, Aka042, Alan Liefting, Alanjgow, Alansohn, AlexJ, Amaury, Amitroy premium, Amoore, Anaxial, Andres, Andrewferrier, Androstachys, Anna512, Antonio Lopez,Appraiser, ArmyOfFluoride, Artiep123, Atombaby, Audioeric, Autodidactyl, Averagejoe123, BD2412, BMF81, Baronvon, BenVic, BigFatBuddha, Bigdon128, BlankVerse, Bluerasberry,Bob1234968546, Bobblewik, Boccobrock, Boivie, Bolimest, Bongwarrior, Boo2000, Boomshadow, Boyd888, Brian0918, Brighterorange, Britmax, Brutaldeluxe, BunniesArePoisonous,BurtAlert, Bwfrank, Bwilliams, CINCABF, CZmarlin, Calebchurch97, Caltas, CamMcD, Camw, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, CanadianLinuxUser, Cantiorix, Capricorn42, Captain Future,
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Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Sebastian Vettel overtaking Mark Webber 2013 Malaysia 1.jpg Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sebastian_Vettel_overtaking_Mark_Webber_2013_Malaysia_1.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:User:Morio
File:1894 paris-rouen - georges lematre (peugeot 3hp) 1st.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:1894_paris-rouen_-_georges_lematre_(peugeot_3hp)_1st.jpg License:anonymous-EU Contributors: Unknown
File:Fernand Gabriel Mors Paris-Madrid 1903.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Fernand_Gabriel_Mors_Paris-Madrid_1903.jpg License: Public DomainContributors: Original uploader was Ericd at en.wikipedia
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File:Will Power Indy 500.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Will_Power_Indy_500.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: CareyAkin
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File:2011 FIA GT1 Silverstone 2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:2011_FIA_GT1_Silverstone_2.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors:ToNG!?
File:Audi R18 e-tron quattro no1 top view 2012 WEC Fuji.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Audi_R18_e-tron_quattro_no1_top_view_2012_WEC_Fuji.jpgLicense: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Morio
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File:Andreas Mikkelsen - WRC Portugal 2013 (8647047945).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Andreas_Mikkelsen_-_WRC_Portugal_2013_(8647047945).jpgLicense: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Tiago J. G. Fernandes from Portimo, Portugal
File:Longford extreme slide 2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Longford_extreme_slide_2.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: MercStarRacing
File:Tarlton-Drag racing-004.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tarlton-Drag_racing-004.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:NJR ZA
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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 16
File:Stockmini.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Stockmini.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Original uploader wasSzxycj at en.wikipedia
File:AtwaterSat394.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:AtwaterSat394.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Colbyskart12
File:Monterey Historic.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Monterey_Historic.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Simon Davison
File:Auto Racing Green.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Green.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anime Addict AA, Bapho, Cycn,Denelson83, Man vyi, Morio, Newmanbe, Paradoctor, Rocket000, ZooFari
File:Auto Racing Yellow.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Yellow.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Cycn, Denelson83, Morio, Ms2ger,Newmanbe, Paradoctor, Pfctdayelise, Rocket000, WikipediaMaster
File:Auto Racing Oil.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Oil.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Denelson83, Indolences, Morio, Rocket000
File:Auto Racing Black.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Black.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Amada44, Cycn, Denelson83, Morio,Ms2ger, Newmanbe, Paradoctor, Rocket000, 1 anonymous edits
File:Auto Racing Orange Circle.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Orange_Circle.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 UnportedContributors: Cycn, Denelson83, Mattes, Morio, Wgabrie
File:Auto Racing Black White.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Black_White.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Cycn, Denelson83, Morio,Newmanbe, Rocket000
File:Auto Racing White Cross.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_White_Cross.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Denelson83, Morio,Newmanbe, Rocket000
File:Auto Racing Blue.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Blue.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors:Denelson83, Mattes, Morio
File:Auto Racing Red.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Red.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Cycn, Denelson83, Morio, Ms2ger, Newmanbe,Paradoctor, Rocket000
File:Auto Racing White.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_White.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Cycn, Denelson83, Morio, Newmanbe,Rocket000
File:Auto Racing Chequered.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Racing_Chequered.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Cycn, Denelson83, Indolences,Morio, Sarang, Sertion, 2 anonymous edits
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/