australian jobs 2012

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2012 1

Minister’s foreword

AUSTRALIAN JOBS

2012

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 20122

Contents

INTRODUCTIONThe Australian Jobs publication presents summary information for people exploring careers, and education and training options, as well as those currently looking for work or wanting assistance to enter or re-enter the labour market. The publication includes past and projected employment trends, by industry and occupation, as well as information about skills.

Australian Jobs provides a snapshot of the Australian labour market and introduces readers to a range of information about the workforce, employment and training. The data may spark the interest of some readers to explore more detailed information about particular occupations, industries or local labour markets. If further information is required, a page of useful websites and links is included on the inside back cover of the publication.

Clearly, a higher skilled workforce has benefi ts for the economy and for individuals. In recognition of the importance of skills and employment, the Australian Government has recently announced a number of initiatives to skill more Australians, and it also supports job seekers through Job Services Australia. Information about these initiatives is included on pages 32 and 33.

The Australian labour market is continuously changing, as we move to a sustainable, low carbon economy. This year, the Australian Jobs publication includes information to help readers understand structural change and the skills and attributes that employers are looking for in 2012, covering employability skills and skills for sustainability (see page 28).

Although information contained in Australian Jobs 2012 is as up-to-date as we can make it, the labour market can change quickly and the skills needed by employers vary across industries and geographic locations. Consequently, employment and training decisions need to be based on a range of information including expectations about pay, working conditions, skills and interests as well as training requirements and long term goals.

Consider information from a wide range of sources. School careers advisers, Australian and state/territory government websites and employment service providers can all help (see page 43 for useful sites).

Inquiries about Australian Jobs should be directed to [email protected]

The contents of Australian Jobs 2012 are based on information available at the time of publication. Over time, the reliability of the data and analysis may diminish. The Commonwealth, its offi cers, employees and agents do not accept responsibility for any inaccuracies contained in the report or for any negligence in the compilation of the report and disclaim liability for any loss suffered by any person arising from the use of this report. Labour market information must be used cautiously as employment prospects can change over time and vary by region. It is important in making and assessing career choices to consider all factors, including interest and aptitudes, remuneration and expectations, and the requirements of occupations.

National, state and territory labour markets

Labour market overview 4National overview 5New South Wales 6Victoria 7Queensland 8South Australia 9Western Australia 10Tasmania 11Northern Territory 12Australian Capital Territory 12

Industries Industry overview 13Structural change 14Apprentices and trainees by industry 15Accommodation and Food Services 15Administrative and Support Services 16Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 16Arts and Recreation Services 17Construction 17Education and Training 18Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 18Financial and Insurance Services 19Health Care and Social Assistance 19Information Media and Telecommunications 20Manufacturing 20Mining 21Other Services 21Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services 22Public Administration and Safety 22Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services 23Retail Trade 23Transport, Postal and Warehousing 24Wholesale Trade 24

Occupations and skills Occupational overview 25Skill level overview 26The next fi ve years 27What do employers look for when recruiting? 28Which jobs have the best prospects? 29Education and employment 30Employment and education services 32

Australian Jobs Matrix Guide to the Australian Jobs Matrix 34Australian Jobs Matrix 35Australian Jobs 2012 data sources 42Useful websites and links 43


Minister’s foreword

The Australian economy is continuously adapting to change. We are currently in an important era of generational change driven by growing demand from Asian markets, new technologies, the shift to a low carbon economy and the challenges of an ageing workforce. There is a key role for government in managing the transformation process and maximising the opportunities for all Australians to participate in meaningful and productive work.

Over the past year, the pace of employment growth in Australia has moderated. While Australia has not been immune from international economic conditions, we still have one of the strongest economies in the industrialised world with one of the lowest unemployment rates.

Highlighting the resilience of our labour market is the fact that record numbers of Australians have a job. While some industries and regions are clearly doing it tough in a difficult economic climate, others are recording particularly strong jobs growth, providing many opportunities for Australian job seekers.

The Australian Government understands the importance that having a job has for individuals and families and also the importance to the economy of a skilled and productive workforce. It continues to be committed to providing opportunities for all Australians to have rewarding employment through better access to training, higher standards of education, improved childcare and employment services and a strong economy. In addition, the Building Australia’s Future Workforce package is providing a significant investment in increasing participation among key groups who are at risk of falling behind. The Government is also investing a further $8.5 billion in employment services over the next four years to assist people back into employment.

Supporting more Australians to gain skills, the Government has announced a wide array of initiatives. As part of its $1.75 billion offer to the states and territories to reform the training system, the Commonwealth is asking states and territories to introduce an entitlement to training for anyone of working age without a Certificate III or higher qualification. It has also made landmark reforms which have already enhanced access to university study, with the number of students enrolled at a record high. In addition, the establishment of the My University and the My Skills (to be released later in 2012) websites provides Australians with vital and comparable information to help them to choose the right training options.

Australian Jobs 2012 also supports this aim by providing a wealth of information about the current and future labour market, including information about industries, occupations and states and territories. It also provides an insight into Australian Government services that can assist those interested in employment, education or training.

I encourage you to consider the valuable analysis of the labour market which is included in Australian Jobs and to explore the other useful resources referenced in this publication.

Bill Shorten



For more information see www.deewr.gov.au/lmip

LABOUR MARKET OVERVIEW

The changing labour marketTechnological change, greater labour market flexibility and economic reforms have helped to transform people’s working arrangements and have been associated with a significant improvement in labour market conditions between the end of the early 1990s recession and the onset of the global recession in September 2008. Indeed, over the 15 years to September 2008, employment growth was exceptionally strong, increasing by around 3.2 million (an annual average rate of 2.3%). Full-time employment rose by 1.9 million over the period (an annual average rate of 1.9%), while part-time employment increased by 1.3 million (an annual average rate of 3.5%), although the rise in part-time employment was off a much lower base.

Recent developments in the labour marketFollowing the onset of the global recession in September 2008, the Australian labour market deteriorated, with employment growth stalling and the unemployment rate peaking at 5.9% in June 2009.

Nevertheless, the Australian economy and labour market displayed remarkable resilience and fared much better than most other major advanced economies over 2010, with employment growing by a robust 3.3%, the unemployment rate falling to 4.9% in December 2010 and the participation rate1 reaching a near record high of 65.8%.

Since then, however, financial market volatility and global uncertainty have resulted in a fall in business confidence and a hesitancy on the part of firms to hire new staff, while a strong Australian dollar together with cautious consumer sentiment have dampened economic and labour market activity in the non-mining sectors. As a consequence, the pace of trend employment growth has slowed, to an average of 6500 jobs per month in March 2012 (significantly below the recent peak of 38 000 jobs per month in August 2010), while the unemployment rate has edged up to 5.2% in March 2012. Despite the softening in labour market conditions over the year to March 2012, the Australian labour market remains one of the best performing in the advanced world, with an unemployment rate around half that of the Euro Area (10.8%) and well below the rate in the United States (8.2%) and United Kingdom (8.3%).

Unemployment Rate and Annual Employment Growth, March 1992 to March 2012 (%)

1 The participation rate is the proportion of people aged 15 years or older who are either working or looking for work.

Regional labour marketsRecently, Australia has seen the emergence of a ‘multispeed’ economy and labour market, with some states, regions and sectors performing strongly, while others struggle. For instance, the resource-rich states of Western Australia and Queensland continue to benefit from high commodity prices and the associated Mining boom, while the trade-exposed sectors in states such as Victoria and Tasmania, are feeling the effects of the high Australian dollar and weaker demand, resulting in softer labour market conditions.

• Over the year to March 2012, employment increased significantly in Western Australia, up by 44 900 (or 3.7%), and the unemployment rate declined by 0.3 percentage points to 4.1%, well below the national figure of 5.2%. The State’s participation rate increased by 0.7 percentage points over the year to 68.9%, the highest of any state.

• By contrast, labour market conditions in Victoria (with greater exposure to Manufacturing, which is hard hit by the high Australian dollar and competitive pressures) deteriorated over the year to March 2012. Employment fell by 22 800 (or 0.8%) over the year, and the unemployment rate rose by 1.4 percentage points to 5.8% in March 2012. Over the period, the participation rate fell by 0.4 percentage points to 65.3%.

The ‘multispeed’ nature of the economy is also evident at the regional level. In March 2012, the disparity in regional unemployment rates (the highest and lowest) was at 8.5 percentage points, only just below the 9.9 percentage points recorded in August 2009, at the height of the global recession, and well above the 4.9 percentage points recorded in April 2008.

Regional Disparity, March 2008 to March 2012

Unemployment Rate (%) Annual Employment Growth (%)

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Mar-92

Mar-93

Mar-94

Mar-95

Mar-96

Mar-97

Mar-98

Mar-99

Mar-00

Mar-01

Mar-02

Mar-03

Mar-04

Mar-05

Mar-06

Mar-07

Mar-08

Mar-09

Mar-10

Mar-11

Mar-12

Annu

al E

mpl

oym

ent G

row

th (%

)

Unem

ploy

men

t Rat

e (%

)

Source: ABS Labour Force Survey

Unem

ploy

men

t rat

e (%

)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Mar-08

Ju

n-08

Se

p-08

De

c-08

Mar-

09

Jun-

09

Sep-

09

Dec-

09

Mar-10

Ju

n-10

Se

p-10

De

c-10

Mar-

11

Jun-

11

Sep-

11

Dec-

11

Mar-12

4.9 percentage points

9.9 percentage points 8.5 percentage points

Lowest Unemployment Rate Highest Unemployment Rate

Source: ABS Labour Force Survey

Canterbury-Bankstown, in Sydney, provides an illustration of a poorly performing region. Employment declined by 6300 (or 4.3%) over the year to March 2012, and the unemployment rate stood at 7.7% in March 2012, well above the national average, and the participation rate stood at 56.5%, well below the national average of around 65%.

By contrast, employment in Remainder-Balance WA (see page 10 for map) increased by a robust 7300 (or 5.1%) over the year to March 2012, strengthening from the increase recorded over the year to November 2011. The unemployment rate declined by 1.6 percentage points over the year to 2.4% in March 2012, the lowest of any region in Australia. The large decrease in the unemployment rate occurred in conjunction with a strong (0.8 percentage point) increase in the participation rate over the year to March 2012, to 70.3%, well above the comparable national average.

www.deewr.gov.au/lmip




NATIONAL OVERVIEW

Australia’s labour marketEmploymentNovember 2011 (number) 11 456 5005 year change to November 2011 (%) 10.4Working part-time (%) 30Female (%) 46Aged 45 years or older (%) 38Employment outside state capital cities (%) 37

Educational profile

With a Bachelor degree or higher (%) 27With VET qualifications at Cert III or higher (%) 29Without post-school qualifications (%) 37

Australia’s population is around 22.6 million and almost 11.5 million Australians are employed. The workforce is highly concentrated with more than three in four workers employed in the three most populous states. New South Wales is the largest employing state (with 3.6 million workers), followed by Victoria (almost 2.9 million), and Queensland (2.4 million). The smallest employing state is Tasmania (237 600 workers), although the ACT and the Northern Territory have smaller workforces.

The largest numbers of new jobs created over the five years to November 2011 were in the three largest states of Victoria (up by 307 200 or 12.0%), New South Wales (288 100 or 8.7%) and Queensland (234 000 or 11.1%). Although the employment growth rate was strongest in the Northern Territory, the small size of its workforce means there was a relatively small number of new jobs, 19 000 (or around 2% of new jobs nationally).

Australia has an ageing workforce, with almost two out of every five workers (38%) aged 45 years or older, up from 33% a decade ago.

Employment by Location

Employment Employment profile Educational profile

Employ’t Nov 2011

Employ’t change 1 year

to Nov 2011

Employ’t change 5 years

to Nov 2011Working

part-time Female

Aged younger than 25

years

Aged 45 years or

older

Employed persons without

post-school qualifications

‘000 ‘000 % ‘000 % % % % % %Cities and regionsSydney 2346.3 47.1 2.1 190.1 8.8 28 45 16 36 36Regional NSW 1256.3 32.2 2.6 135.3 12.1 33 45 16 43 43Melbourne 2143.4 40.4 1.9 252.2 13.3 29 45 17 36 39Regional VIC 736.0 28.6 4.0 92.3 14.3 33 45 16 43 46Brisbane 1071.9 10.1 1.0 97.3 10.0 27 46 19 35 43Regional QLD 1264.4 23.5 1.9 174.7 16.0 30 46 17 40 49Adelaide 605.7 5.6 0.9 47.0 8.4 33 47 18 39 44Regional SA 214.2 4.8 2.3 14.6 7.3 32 44 15 46 52Perth 922.7 15.0 1.7 125.3 15.7 30 45 18 37 42Regional WA 310.6 8.4 2.8 31.7 11.4 25 42 15 42 50Hobart 103.9 1.9 1.8 6.2 6.4 35 49 17 42 43Regional Tasmania 133.8 -0.4 -0.3 6.8 5.4 34 46 17 44 49States and territoriesNew South Wales 3605.2 6.1 0.2 288.1 8.7 30 45 16 39 35Victoria 2875.6 13.5 0.5 307.2 12.0 31 45 17 38 36Queensland 2351.0 20.5 0.9 234.0 11.1 28 46 18 38 39South Australia 820.9 6.5 0.8 53.0 6.9 34 46 17 41 41Western Australia 1238.7 14.6 1.2 151.2 13.9 29 44 17 38 41Tasmania 237.6 -0.1 0.0 13.7 6.1 35 47 17 43 41Northern Territory 123.7 1.2 1.0 19.0 18.2 18 47 16 37 43Australian Capital Territory 204.2 -1.0 -0.5 9.6 4.9 25 48 17 36 29Australia 11 456.5 62.8 0.6 1077.4 10.4 30 46 17 38 37Sources: ABS Labour Force Survey. ABS Survey of Education and Work. 2006 Census.

Regional labour marketsThere are sound opportunities for employment outside Australia’s state capital cities. More than one in every three of the nation’s workers (37% of the workforce or more than 4 million people) are employed in regional Australia.

The labour market varies markedly across regions with a number of areas experiencing strong employment growth and low unemployment rates. Even in regions where unemployment is relatively high, some employers experience difficulty recruiting, particularly for skilled occupations.

Workers in regional areas are less likely to have studied after they have left school than those in the state capital cities, and many do not have the skills needed for local vacancies (skill shortages are particularly evident in some regional areas). Tertiary education is accessible to Australians across the country, including in regional locations, and clearly there are real advantages for workers in regional Australia to gain post-school qualifications to meet the skill needs of employers.

It is also interesting to note that over the year to November 2011, regional employment growth exceeded the capital city growth rate in all states except Tasmania. This highlights the increasing demand for workers in regional Australia.

The table below compares key labour market data across state capital cities and regional areas. It shows that, generally speaking, the workforce tends to be older in regional areas than in metropolitan areas. This suggests there will be strong demand for workers in these areas to replace those who retire over the next decade.





NEW SOUTH WALES

Employment by Region, Nov 2011 (% of state total) Employment Change, Year to Nov 2011 (%)

Population and Employment

Population Employment Employment profi le (% of region’s workforce)

June 2011

1 year change to June

2011Nov

2011% of total

1 year change to Nov 2011


years

Aged 45 years or

older

Bachelor degree or

higher qual

Cert III/IV or higher VET qual

Without post-

school qual

‘000 % ‘000 % ‘000 % % % % % %

Sydney 4627.3 1.3 2346.3 65.1 47.1 2.1 16 36 29 26 36Richmond-Tweed and Mid-North Coast

560.8 0.8 238.8 6.6 15.5 6.9 15 47 15 31 43

Murray-Murrumbidgee 279.5 0.4 137.6 3.8 1.7 1.3 16 46 14 29 47Newcastle 552.8 1.3 271.5 7.5 5.4 2.0 18 36 17 33 41Hunter 105.8 1.1 49.2 1.4 -2.0 -3.9 13 51 11 34 45Wollongong 293.5 0.6 127.0 3.5 2.5 2.0 17 39 19 33 38Illawarra 145.4 1.2 65.1 1.8 2.4 3.8 20 45 16 34 40South Eastern 221.1 0.8 116.3 3.2 9.5 8.9 13 51 17 30 43Northern, North Western and Central West

493.5 0.7 241.2 6.7 -3.2 -1.3 17 44 14 29 46

Far West 22.5 -0.4 9.6 0.3 0.5 5.2 7 38 12 27 51

New South Wales 7302.2 1.1 3605.2 100.0 6.1 0.2 16 39 29 30 35Sources: ABS Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2011. Employment data are ABS LFS Nov 2011 (state data are trend, capital city and regional fi gures are 12 month average). Educational attainment data for states are ABS Survey of Education and Work 2011, state capital city and regional fi gures are from ABS 2006 Census (latest available)

Regional New South WalesSlightly more than one third of workers in the state are employed in regional areas. Around 60% of these people work in three of the nine regions: Newcastle; Northern, North Western and Central West; and Richmond-Tweed and Mid-North Coast.

Over the year to November 2011, employment grew more strongly in regional New South Wales than it did in Sydney (2.6% compared with 2.1%). The strongest growth was in South Eastern (up by 8.9% or 9500). Employment fell in two regions, with the largest fall being in the Hunter.

The largest employing industries in regional New South Wales are Health Care and Social Assistance (155 000), Retail Trade (139 600) and Manufacturing (109 000). Over the year to November 2011, most new jobs were in Accommodation and Food Services (13 100) and Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services (9700).

Regional areas have a lower proportion of people participating in the workforce (60% compared with 66% in Sydney).

New South Wales is the largest employing state, with almost one in every three Australian workers (3.6 million). Employment is concentrated in Sydney which has almost two thirds of the state’s employment. The largest employing industries are Health Care and Social Assistance (416 200), Retail Trade (384 100) and Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services (305 000), which collectively account for about 30% of employment.

Employment rose by 8.7% or 288 100 over the fi ve years to November 2011, compared with national growth of 10.4%. The largest numbers of new jobs are in Health Care and Social Assistance (85 900), Accommodation and Food Services (41 500) and Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services (40 300). Over the year to November 2011, employment increased by 0.2%, compared with national growth of 0.6%.

The workforce is relatively highly skilled with 64% of workers holding a post-school qualifi cation. It also has a slightly higher proportion of workers who hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation than the national average (29% compared with 27%).

Around 70% of workers are employed full-time, and 45% are female.




VICTORIA


Population Employment Employment profile (% of region’s workforce)

June 2011


2011Nov

2011% of total



years

Aged 45 years or

older

Bachelor degree or

higher qual


Without post-

school qual

‘000 % ‘000 % ‘000 % % % % % %

Melbourne 4137.4 1.6 2143.4 74.4 40.4 1.9 17 36 28 25 39Barwon-Western District 401.6 1.2 196.7 6.8 1.6 0.8 16 44 17 30 45Central Highlands-Wimmera 211.9 1.3 105.6 3.7 4.8 4.8 17 36 17 29 46Loddon-Mallee 283.3 0.8 143.0 5.0 10.3 7.8 16 41 16 29 47Goulburn-Ovens-Murray 316.5 1.0 149.1 5.2 5.8 4.0 18 49 14 30 48All Gippsland 270.5 1.6 141.6 4.9 6.0 4.4 15 44 14 32 46

Victoria 5621.2 1.5 2875.6 100.0 13.5 0.5 17 38 30 28 36Sources: ABS Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2011. Employment data are ABS LFS Nov 2011 (state data are trend, capital city and regional figures are 12 month average). Educational attainment data for states are ABS Survey of Education and Work 2011, state capital city and regional figures are from ABS 2006 Census (latest available)


Victoria is the second largest employing state, with a quarter of the nation’s employment (almost 2.9 million). The largest employing industries are Health Care and Social Assistance (336 700), Retail Trade (317 200) and Manufacturing (302 700), which combined have around one third of state employment.

Employment increased by 12.0% (or 307 200) over the five years to November 2011, a slightly stronger growth rate than the national average of 10.4%. Employment rose in 17 of the 19 industries, with the largest numbers of new jobs created in Health Care and Social Assistance (63 500), Construction (41 700) and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (39 400). The largest fall in employment was in Manufacturing (down by 15 200 or 4.8%). Over the year to November 2011, employment in Victoria increased by 0.5% compared with national growth of 0.6%.

The Victorian workforce is relatively highly skilled with 30% of workers holding a Bachelor degree or higher qualification compared with 27% nationally.

About 45% of workers are female and 31% of workers are employed part-time (compared with 46% and 30% respectively for Australia). The proportion of Victorian workers who are aged 45 years and older is the same as the national average (38%).

Regional VictoriaState employment is highly concentrated in Melbourne which accounts for almost three in four workers. Outside the state capital, employment is relatively evenly distributed across the five regions, with each having between 3.7% and 6.8% of the state’s workers. The largest employing regions are Barwon-Western District (196 700) and Goulburn-Ovens-Murray (149 100). Over the year to November 2011, employment growth was strongest in Loddon-Mallee (up by 7.8% or 10 300) and Central Highlands-Wimmera (4.8% or 4800).

The largest employing industries in regional Victoria are Health Care and Social Assistance (94 600), Retail Trade (93 700) and Manufacturing (79 800). Over the year to November 2011, the largest numbers of jobs created in regional Victoria were in Retail Trade (up by 12 800) and Health Care and Social Assistance (10 000).

Regional Victoria has a relatively low proportion of people participating in the workforce (64% compared with 67% in Melbourne).




QUEENSLAND




June 2011


2011Nov

2011% of total



years

Aged 45 years or

older

Bachelor degree or

higher qual


Without post-

school qual

‘000 % ‘000 % ‘000 % % % % % %

Brisbane 2029.4 1.7 1071.9 45.9 10.1 1.0 19 35 23 26 43Sunshine Coast 335.3 1.5 158.9 6.8 4.5 2.9 16 43 15 32 44West Moreton 84.4 2.2 39.6 1.7 1.4 3.6 12 47 9 27 56Wide Bay-Burnett 302.9 1.3 118.8 5.1 -5.0 -4.1 17 45 11 29 51Mackay-Fitzroy-Central West 411.5 1.8 220.2 9.4 11.5 5.5 18 34 12 29 51Darling Downs-South West 272.4 1.3 138.6 5.9 0.4 0.3 19 41 14 26 52Northern-North West 270.3 1.9 149.6 6.4 0.3 0.2 18 38 15 28 50Far North 278.1 1.3 134.6 5.8 -0.4 -0.3 18 36 14 30 47Gold Coast 596.0 1.9 303.9 13.0 10.9 3.7 16 41 15 30 46

Queensland 4580.3 1.7 2351.0 100.0 20.5 0.9 18 38 23 31 39Sources: ABS Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2011. Employment data are ABS LFS Nov 2011 (state data are trend, capital city and regional figures are 12 month average). Educational attainment data for states are ABS Survey of Education and Work 2011, state capital city and regional figures are from ABS 2006 Census (latest available)

Queensland is the third largest employing state, with 2.4 million workers. The largest employing industries are Health Care and Social Assistance (272 600), Retail Trade (256 400) and Construction (235 400), which together account for almost one third of the state’s employment.

Employment increased by 11.1% (or 234 000) over the five years to November 2011, compared with national growth of 10.4%. The largest numbers of new jobs were in Health Care and Social Assistance (71 900), Mining (25 300) and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (24 500). Employment fell in Manufacturing (down by 8700 or 4.6%). Over the year to November 2011, employment in Queensland rose by 0.9%, stronger than the national growth rate of 0.6%.

Queensland has a slightly higher proportion of workers who do not hold post-school qualifications than the national average (39% compared with 37%). It also has a lower proportion of workers who hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualification (23% compared with 27%).

About 28% of workers are employed part-time (compared with 30% nationally).

Regional QueenslandEmployment is regionally dispersed with 54% of employment outside Brisbane. Over the year to November 2011, regional employment growth was stronger than metropolitan growth (1.9% compared with 1.0% in Brisbane).

The largest employing regions outside Brisbane are the Gold Coast (one in eight Queensland workers is employed in this region) and Mackay-Fitzroy-Central West which accounts for almost one in ten (9.4%). Over the year to November 2011, employment growth was strongest in Mackay-Fitzroy-Central West (up by 5.5% or 11 500), and the Gold Coast (3.7% or 10 900).

Similar to the state as a whole, the largest employing industries in regional Queensland are Retail Trade (151 000), Health Care and Social Assistance (142 800) and Construction (139 400). The largest numbers of new jobs in regional areas over the year to November 2011 were in Mining (up by 11 500), Health Care and Social Assistance (9900) and Construction (7100).

Regional areas have a lower proportion of people participating in the workforce (66% compared with 69% in Brisbane).




SOUTH AUSTRALIA



June 2011


2011Nov

2011% of total



years

Aged 45 years or

older

Bachelor degree or

higher qual


Without post-

school qual

‘000 % ‘000 % ‘000 % % % % % %

Adelaide 1213.0 0.9 605.7 73.9 5.6 0.9 18 39 21 27 44

Southern and Eastern SA 278.8 0.7 138.8 16.9 2.0 1.4 14 47 11 28 52

Northern and Western SA 164.5 0.1 75.3 9.2 2.8 3.9 16 43 11 27 53

South Australia 1656.3 0.8 820.9 100.0 6.5 0.8 17 41 23 29 41Sources: ABS Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2011. Employment data are ABS LFS Nov 2011 (state data are trend, capital city and regional figures are 12 month average). Educational attainment data for states are ABS Survey of Education and Work 2011, state capital city and regional figures are from ABS 2006 Census (latest available)


South Australia is the second smallest employing state, with 7% of the nation’s employment (820 900). The largest employing industries are Health Care and Social Assistance (102 200), Retail Trade (92 500) and Manufacturing (78 800). Combined, these industries employ one in every three workers in the state.

Employment increased by 6.9% (or 53 000) over the five years to November 2011, a lower growth rate than the national average of 10.4%. Employment rose in 12 of the 19 industries, with the largest numbers of new jobs being in Construction (17 200), Accommodation and Food Services (12 500) and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (11 000). Over the year to November 2011, employment grew more strongly than the national rate, up by 0.8% compared with 0.6%.

South Australia has a slightly lower proportion of workers who hold post-school qualifications than the national average (58% compared with 61%), and a lower proportion holding a Bachelor degree or higher qualification (23% compared with 27%).

South Australia’s workforce has a relatively old age profile, with 41% of workers aged 45 years or older compared with 38% nationally. It also has a slightly higher proportion of its workers employed part-time than the national average (34% compared with 30%). The proportion of female workers is the same as the national average (46%).

Regional South Australia Employment is highly concentrated in Adelaide which employs almost three in every four of the state’s workers. Outside the state capital city there are two labour force regions. They differ markedly in terms of both geographic area and employment size. Southern and Eastern SA accounts for 16.9% of state employment and Northern and Western SA, which covers a much larger area, accounts for 9.2%. Over the year to November 2011, both regions recorded employment growth, with Southern and Eastern SA up by 1.4% and Northern and Western SA by 3.9%.

The largest employing industries in regional South Australia are Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (31 400), Manufacturing (23 100) and Retail Trade (21 500). Over the year to November 2011, the largest numbers of new jobs in regional South Australia were in Accommodation and Food Services (up by 2400) and Administrative and Support Services (1900).

The participation rate in regional areas is much the same as that in Adelaide (63% compared with 64%).




WESTERN AUSTRALIA




June 2011


2011Nov

2011% of total



years

Aged 45 years or

older

Bachelor degree or

higher qual


Without post-

school qual

‘000 % ‘000 % ‘000 % % % % % %

Perth 1738.8 2.5 922.7 74.8 15.0 1.7 18 37 22 28 42Lower Western WA 340.3 2.5 166.4 13.5 6.4 4.0 15 40 12 29 49Remainder - Balance WA 270.2 1.8 144.3 11.7 2.0 1.4 15 44 12 29 50

Western Australia 2349.3 2.4 1238.7 100.0 14.6 1.2 17 38 22 30 41Sources: ABS Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2011. Employment data are ABS LFS Nov 2011 (state data are trend, capital city and regional fi gures are 12 month average). Educational attainment data for states are ABS Survey of Education and Work, 2011, state capital city and regional fi gures are from ABS 2006 Census (latest available)

Western Australia is the fourth largest employing state, with around one in ten Australian workers (1.2 million). The largest employing industries are Construction (130 800), Retail Trade (129 100) and Health Care and Social Assistance (127 800). Together, these industries account for 31% of the state’s jobs.

Employment increased by 13.9% (or 151 200) over the fi ve years to November 2011, outstripping the national growth rate of 10.4%. Employment rose in 15 of the 19 industries. The largest numbers of new jobs were in Mining (40 300), Health Care and Social Assistance (25 100) and Construction (20 000). Over the year to November 2011, employment increased by 1.2% compared with national growth of 0.6%.

About 41% of workers in Western Australia do not hold post-school qualifi cations, slightly higher than the national average (37%). A lower proportion of workers in Western Australia hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation than the national average (22% compared with 27%).

A slightly lower proportion of the state’s workforce is female compared with the national average (44% compared with 46%). The workforce profi le is similar, though, to the national average in terms of full-time employment (71% of workers are employed full-time compared with 70% nationally), and the proportion of workers aged 45 years or older (38%, the same as the national fi gure).

Regional Western AustraliaEmployment is highly concentrated in Perth which accounts for three quarters of the state’s employment. In regional Western Australia, employment is spread fairly evenly across the two regions, Lower Western WA and Remainder-Balance WA, although these regions have markedly different geographic size.

Over the year to November 2011, most new jobs in regional areas were created in Lower Western WA (up by 6400 or 4.0%).

The largest numbers of new jobs in regional areas over the year to November 2011 were in Mining (up by 5600), Health Care and Social Assistance (3800) and Retail Trade (3100).

Regional areas have a slightly lower proportion of people participating in the workforce (67%) compared with Perth (69%).




TASMANIATasmania is the smallest employing state, with 2% of the nation’s employment (237 600). The largest employing industries are Health Care and Social Assistance (30 600), Retail Trade (26 800) and Construction (21 100), which together account for one third of the state’s employment.

Over the fi ve years to November 2011, Tasmania’s employment increased by 6.1% (or 13 700) compared with national growth of 10.4%. Twelve of the 19 industries increased their employment, with the largest numbers of new jobs created in Construction (4800), Health Care and Social Assistance (3900) and Education and Training (3500). Over the year to November 2011, the level of employment was unchanged, compared with growth of 0.6% at the national level.

Tasmania has a higher proportion of workers who do not hold post-school qualifi cations than the national average (41% compared with 37%) and a lower proportion of workers hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation (22% compared with 27% nationally).

The Tasmanian workforce has a particularly old age profi le, with 43% of workers aged 45 years or older, the highest of any state or territory. It also has a higher proportion of its workers employed part-time than the national average (35% compared with 30%).

Regional Tasmania Tasmania has the most regionally diverse workforce in Australia with around 56% of employment located outside Hobart. Regional employment is concentrated in Mersey-Lyell and Northern which combined account for half of the state’s workers. Over the year to November 2011, employment fell slightly in regional Tasmania, down by 0.3%, but employment rose in Northern (up by 0.3%) and Mersey-Lyell (0.2%).

In regional Tasmania, the largest employing industries are Health Care and Social Assistance (17 100), Retail Trade (14 600) and Construction (13 300). The largest numbers of new regional jobs over the year to November 2011 were created in Construction (2200) and Accommodation and Food Services (1500).

There is only a slight difference in the proportion of people participating in the workforce between regional areas of Tasmania (60%) and Hobart (62%).




June 2011


2011Nov

2011% of total



years

Aged 45 years or

older

Bachelor degree or

higher qual


Without post-

school qual

‘000 % ‘000 % ‘000 % % % % % %

Hobart 216.7 1.0 103.9 43.7 1.9 1.8 17 42 22 27 43Southern 38.1 0.8 15.6 6.6 -0.7 -4.1 13 57 12 28 50Northern 142.8 0.4 68.6 28.8 0.2 0.3 18 41 15 28 48Mersey-Lyell 112.9 0.2 49.7 20.9 0.1 0.2 16 42 11 30 50

Tasmania 510.5 0.6 237.6 100.0 -0.1 0.0 17 43 22 31 41Sources: ABS Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2011. Employment data are ABS LFS Nov 2011 (state data are trend, capital city and regional fi gures are 12 month average). Educational attainment data for states are ABS Survey of Education and Work, 2011, state capital city and regional fi gures are from ABS 2006 Census (latest available)




NORTHERN TERRITORY

Population

June 2011 (‘000) 230.41 year change to June 2011 (%) 0.4

Employment

November 2011 (‘000) 123.71 year change to Nov 2011 (‘000) 1.21 year change to Nov 2011 (%) 1.0Aged younger than 25 years (%) 16Aged 45 years or older (%) 37

Educational profi le (% of NT workforce)

Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation (%) 24With VET qualifi cations at Cert III or higher (%) 28Without post-school qualifi cations (%) 43Sources: ABS Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2011. ABS LFS Nov 2011, trend. ABS Survey of Education and Work, 2011

The Northern Territory has Australia’s smallest labour market, with 1% of national employment (123 700). However, the proportion of people participating in the workforce is higher than in any state, and equal to the Australian Capital Territory (73% compared with 66% nationally).

Employment increased strongly over the fi ve years to November 2011, up by 18.2% (or 19 000), compared with national growth of 10.4%. Growth was relatively strong over the year to November 2011, rising by 1.0% compared with national growth of 0.6%.

The largest employing industries in the Northern Territory are Public Administration and Safety (18 300), Health Care and Social Assistance (13 200) and Construction (12 200), which together account for slightly more than one third of the Territory’s employment. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, the largest numbers of new jobs were in Construction (up by 3900), Education and Training and Public Administration and Safety (each up by 2700).

The workforce has a relatively low skill profi le. About 43% of workers do not hold post-school qualifi cations compared with 37% nationally.

About 47% of workers are female and just 18% of Territory workers are employed part-time (compared with 30% nationally).

AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY

Population

June 2011 (‘000) 365.61 year change to June 2011 (%) 1.9

Employment

November 2011 (‘000) 204.21 year change to Nov 2011 (‘000) -1.01 year change to Nov 2011 (%) -0.5Aged younger than 25 years (%) 17Aged 45 years or older (%) 36

Educational profi le (% of ACT workforce)

Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation (%) 44With VET qualifi cations at Cert III or higher (%) 22Without post-school qualifi cations (%) 29Sources: ABS Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2011. ABS LFS Nov 2011, trend. ABS Survey of Education and Work, 2011

The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) accounts for slightly less than 2% of national employment (204 200). The largest employing industries are Public Administration and Safety (62 800), Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services (19 000) and Health Care and Social Assistance (18 400), which collectively account for almost half of the workforce.

Employment increased by 4.9% (or 9600) over the fi ve years to November 2011, compared with national growth of 10.4%. The largest gains were in Public Administration and Safety (up by 8300), Construction (2900) and Health Care and Social Assistance (2700). Over the year to November 2011, employment fell by 0.5% compared with national growth of 0.6%.

The workforce is highly skilled with 69% of workers holding a post-school qualifi cation compared with 61% nationally. A high proportion of workers hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation (44% compared with the national average of 27%), but a relatively small proportion hold Certifi cate III or higher vocational education and training qualifi cations (22% compared with 29% nationally). This refl ects the concentration of the ACT’s employment in industries which generally require university qualifi cations and the relatively small proportion in Manufacturing and Construction.

The proportion of people participating in the workforce is higher in the ACT than the national average (73% compared with 66%). A lower proportion of the workforce is employed part-time than the national average (25% compared with 30%) and a smaller proportion of workers are aged 45 years or older (36% compared with 38%).

Employment Change, Year to Nov 2011 (%)

Industries

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2012 13For more information see www.skillsinfo.gov.au

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

Which are the largest employing industries?There are 19 broad industries in Australia. In employment terms, the largest are Health Care and Social Assistance, Retail Trade and Construction which each employ more than 1 million workers. Manufacturing is also a large employer, with almost 950 000. These four industries combined, employ two in every fi ve Australian workers.

It is interesting that, although the Mining industry experienced the largest percentage rise in employment over the fi ve years to November 2011 (75.5%), it had only the fourth largest number of new jobs and accounts for 2% of national employment.

Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment fell in Manufacturing, but there are still more people employed in Manufacturing than there are in the Arts and Recreation Services; Information Media and Telecommunications; Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services; and Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services industries combined. The decline in Manufacturing is part of a long-term trend refl ecting structural adjustment in the Australian economy (information about structural adjustment is provided on page 14).

Many industries, such as Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Mining; and Manufacturing create thousands of jobs in other industries, such as Transport, Postal and Warehousing; Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services; and Construction.

Where are the new jobs?Over the fi ve years to November 2011, around 1.1 million jobs were created. The largest growth was in

• Health Care and Social Assistance (up by 276 000)

• Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services (122 300)

• Education and Training (114 700)

• Mining (102 900)

• Construction (100 700).

Which industries had declining employment?Employment declined in four industries over the fi ve years to November 2011, in

• Manufacturing (down by 72 100)

• Information Media and Telecommunications (46 800)

• Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (25 400)

• Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services (2600).

Which industries have the most jobs in regional locations?Although Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing has the highest proportion of its employment in regional areas (87%), followed by Mining (61%), the largest numbers of jobs in regional Australia are in

• Health Care and Social Assistance (almost half a million)

• Retail Trade (more than 470 000)

• Construction (around 407 000).

Industry Employment

Industry

Employment Nov 2011Employment profi le (% of

industry’s workforce)

Projected growth to 2016-17

% of workforce

5 year change

to Nov 2011

Outside state

capital Working

part-time Female

Aged 45 years or

older ‘000 % ‘000 % % % % % ‘000 %

Accommodation and Food Services 773.4 7 85.5 12.4 39 57 56 22 30.9 4.0Administrative and Support Services 399.7 3 45.4 12.8 35 40 52 41 17.7 4.4Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 327.1 3 -25.4 -7.2 87 27 30 56 5.5 1.7Arts and Recreation Services 213.4 2 35.3 19.8 34 44 47 33 7.8 3.7Construction 1045.5 9 100.7 10.7 39 14 11 33 131.2 12.6Education and Training 859.2 7 114.7 15.4 36 38 69 49 61.3 7.1Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 154.4 1 48.4 45.7 44 9 25 43 17.9 11.6Financial and Insurance Services 432.1 4 30.3 7.5 20 18 53 31 18.5 4.3Health Care and Social Assistance 1343.4 12 276.0 25.9 37 43 79 47 241.8 18.0Information Media and Telecommunications 203.7 2 -46.8 -18.7 21 19 42 31 4.6 2.3Manufacturing 945.6 8 -72.1 -7.1 35 14 26 41 -85.6 -9.0Mining 239.1 2 102.9 75.5 61 3 16 34 103.7 43.4Other Services 452.7 4 38.3 9.2 38 29 41 37 18.4 4.1Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services 865.7 8 122.3 16.5 24 22 43 36 108.2 12.5Public Administration and Safety 738.1 6 98.4 15.4 43 17 47 45 31.2 4.2Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services 193.8 2 -2.6 -1.3 33 26 50 39 6.7 3.5Retail Trade 1219.1 11 34.6 2.9 39 48 56 28 50.4 4.1Transport, Postal and Warehousing 580.1 5 68.4 13.4 33 19 22 48 42.0 7.2Wholesale Trade 424.7 4 15.8 3.9 28 16 33 42 17.0 4.0Total (all industries) 11 456.5 100 1077.4 10.4 37 30 46 38 829.3 7.2

Sources: ABS Labour Force Survey, DEEWR trend and four quarter average data. DEEWR employment projections


Industries

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 201214 For more information see www.skillsinfo.gov.au

STRUCTURAL CHANGE

The labour market is changing continuouslyThe Australian labour market is always changing. Each year, for example, about

• a million people change jobs, with hundreds of thousands changing industries

• around 300 000 businesses open, while a similar number close or change ownership.

The lasting shifts in employment and economic activity are referred to as structural change. Information about recent changes in industry and occupational shares of employment can be found on pages 13 and 25 respectively.

The ageing of the workforce, increased participation of women and greater fl exibility in working hours have all contributed to the labour market of 2012 looking very different to that of a hundred years ago.

Jobs are becoming more highly skilled and our workforce is more highly educated. Our economy is more globalised, facing strong competition from overseas in some sectors. In addition, industries, as well as individuals, need to reduce pollution to avoid the worst effects of climate change. These changes bring both opportunities and challenges.

What has happened over the last century?The industrial structure of the Australian economy has changed markedly over the last century, made clear when you look at the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Year Book Australia which was fi rst published in 1908. Over time, the economy has transitioned from one that was centred on agricultural produce and manufactured goods towards services.

• For most of the fi rst half of the 20th century, around half of Australia’s workers were employed in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Mining and Manufacturing.

• Today, these industries represent 13% of the workforce.

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing was the largest contributor to the Australian economy at the start of the 20th century and the largest employing industry. Its share of the workforce has steadily declined for many decades and drought has had an impact on the number employed.

• In 1910, this industry employed around 422 000 people, or 26% of Australia’s workers.

• Today, this industry accounts for 3% of employment with 327 100 workers.

The early decades of the 20th century saw Manufacturing expand, until it reached its peak in the early 1960s. Over the last half century its share of Australian employment has fallen.

• In 1910, Manufacturing accounted for slightly more than 20% of total employment, with textiles and clothing manufacturing the most signifi cant activity.

• In the mid 1940s it employed 33% of Australian workers. The structure of the industry in Australia changed around this time, with metals, engineering and vehicles the largest employing area.

• Manufacturing remains a large industry, employing 945 600 workers, but it now accounts for 8% of jobs.

As Manufacturing’s share of employment has fallen, the share of the workforce involved in the provision of services has risen. Service sector jobs are a very broad grouping of industries excluding Manufacturing; Mining; Construction; Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; and Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services.

Service industries have always been important, but structural changes have resulted in signifi cant growth in these sectors in recent decades. Since the 1980s, the fastest growing services have been social services, such as Health Care and Social Assistance and Education and Training, and business services, such as Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services.

• In 1910, less than 40% of the Australian workforce was employed in services industries.

• Now, services industries employ over three quarters of Australian workers.

The economy has continued to change over the last decade. Australia experienced strong employment growth over the ten years to November 2011, with rises in growth industries (mainly services) more than offsetting declines in industries such as Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Manufacturing; and Information, Media and Telecommunications.

Many factors contribute to changeChanges in the structure of the Australian economy and labour market have been driven by a range of factors, many interconnected. Sometimes the drivers of change are sudden, but most are part of a steady, evolving trend. Some of these factors include

• economic reforms and changes to workplace relations

• increasing labour force participation

• changing consumer preferences

• technological advances

• international competition

• international trade.

What is likely to happen in the next century?No one can know what will happen over the next hundred years. Global and domestic pressures are contributing to an acceleration in structural change. The Australian economy is facing major, generational change driven, in part, by the rise of Asian economies, new technologies and the shift to a green economy. Because we can never predict what the global economy or new technology will deliver next, it is important for our workforce to be fl exible to be able to adapt quickly to change.

While our Manufacturing sector continues to downsize, there are opportunities for Australian manufacturers to move into the production of world class, sophisticated technologies. Australia’s high levels of technology and skills will assist manufacturers to fi nd new products and markets in which Australia can become a world leader.

Factors like the following are likely to contribute to changes.

• Changes in the international economic and geopolitical landscape as a result of the growing importance of Asia. Today, China, Japan, the Republic of Korea and India are our top four export markets. Australia is well placed to access growing markets for food, energy, education, tourism and other high value-added goods and services in Asia.

• The strong growth in Mining and the fl ow on effects.

• Our ageing population, which will mean that Australia will have a lower proportion of the population working.

• The development and application of new technologies such as high speed broadband which will support businesses to drive productivity improvements.

• A greater focus on environmental effi ciency changing the way industries operate and the skills they need in their workforce.


Industries


APPRENTICES AND TRAINEES BY INDUSTRYApprenticeships and traineeships are available across all sectors of the economy and include training in traditional trades as well as a diverse range of other careers. They provide an attractive training option by combining practical work with structured training to give students a nationally recognised qualifi cation with important industry experience, which is valued by employers. More information about Australian Apprenticeships is provided on page 33.

In line with signifi cantly differing occupational profi les across industries, there is marked variation in the number of apprentices and trainees by industry. Some, such as Health Care and Social Assistance and Education and Training have large numbers of professional workers and consequently high proportions of their workforces hold higher education qualifi cations at the Bachelor degree or higher level. Other industries, including those in which trade occupations are the largest employers, rely more heavily on the vocational education and training sector to develop their skilled workers, and some have large numbers of apprentices and trainees.

The industries with the largest numbers of apprentices and trainees in-training are

• Construction (79 300 in-training)

• Manufacturing (56 500)

• Accommodation and Food Services (46 700)

• Other Services (42 700)

• Retail Trade (38 000).

While there are training opportunities in all industries and across locations, apprentices and trainees in Mining and Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing are more likely to be employed in regional areas, refl ecting the geographic profi le of these industries.

Apprentices and Trainees In-Training by Industry (‘000)

5.8

6.2

1.6

1.9

2.2

5.7

2.1

4.0

5.2

5.7

8.2

8.6

13.7

16.7

15.5

16.7

16.9

24.0

31.0

1.0

2.5

2.7

3.4

4.5

5.4

5.6

6.6

6.9

7.2

7.7

16.1

19.3

19.7

22.5

26.0

29.8

32.5

48.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

Mining

Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services

Arts and Recreation Services

Information Media and Telecommunications

Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services

Financial and Insurance Services

Education and Training

Wholesale Trade

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Public Administration and Safety

Transport, Postal and Warehousing

Health Care and Social Assistance

Administrative and Support Services

Retail Trade

Other Services

Accommodation and Food Services

Manufacturing

Construction

Capital cities Regional locations

Source: NCVER Apprentices and Trainees Collection, September 2011

Accommodation and Food Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICES

Employment This industry All industriesNovember 2011 (number) 773 400 11 456 5005 year change to November 2011 (%) 12.4 10.4Working part-time (%) 57 30Female (%) 56 46Aged 45 years or older (%) 22 38Employment outside state capital cities (%) 39 37

Educational profi leWith a Bachelor degree or higher (%) 11 27With VET qualifi cations at Cert III or higher (%) 22 29Without post-school qualifi cations (%) 61 37

Accommodation and Food Services employs 773 400 workers. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment rose by 85 500 (or 12.4%). A large number of new jobs were created in Food and Beverage Services (up by 86 500), but this was partially offset by a fall in Accommodation (down by 7500). Over the next fi ve years, employment in Accommodation and Food Services is expected to increase by 30 900 (or 4.0%), driven by continued growth in Food and Beverage Services.

This industry has the highest proportion of young workers (aged younger than 25 years) of any industry (45%) and a higher proportion of females than the average for all industries (56% compared with 46%). Part-time employment is common and many people combine work in this sector with study.

This industry provides good entry-level opportunities to the labour market. More than three in every fi ve workers do not hold post-school qualifi cations.

Accommodation and Food Services is an important employer in regional Australia, with more than 300 000 workers outside the state capital cities.Accommodation and Food Services accounts for 7% of national employment, but in some regions it accounts for a higher proportion of the workforce (up to 17%).

Source: ABS Labour Force Survey, November 2011 (regional titles are available in the States and territories section from page 6)

Industries


ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT SERVICES



Administrative and Support Services employs 399 700 workers. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment grew strongly, up by 45 400 (or 12.8%). Employment increased in both subdivisions, but the largest number of new jobs are in Building Cleaning, Pest Control and Other Support Services, which includes employment and travel services, up by 29 500 (or 17.5%). Administrative and Support Services employment is expected to increase by 17 700 (or 4.4%) over the next fi ve years with the largest number of new jobs likely to be in Building Cleaning, Pest Control and Other Support Services.

Compared with all industries, workers in this industry are more likely to be female (52% compared with 46%) and aged 45 years or older (41% compared with 38% for all industries). Part-time employment is common with 40% of workers employed part-time compared with 30% for all industries.

This industry’s workforce has a relatively low skill profi le (about 45% of workers do not hold post-school qualifi cations).

Around 140 000 workers in regional Australia are employed in Administrative and Support Services.

The Administrative and Support Services industry accounts for around 3% of national employment. While some regions rely slightly more on this industry for employment than others, there is relatively limited variation across regions.

Administrative and Support Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region


AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING

Employment This industry All industriesNovember 2011 (number) 327 100 11 456 5005 year change to November 2011 (%) -7.2 10.4Working part-time (%) 27 30Female (%) 30 46Aged 45 years or older (%) 56 38Employment outside state capital cities (%) 87 37


Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing is a relatively small employing industry with 327 100 workers. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment fell by 25 400 (or 7.2%). Employment losses in Fruit and Tree Nut Growing (down by 12 400) and Nursery and Floriculture Production (6600), were partially offset by rises in Dairy Cattle Farming (up by 7600), Fishing (1700) and Aquaculture (1300). Over the next fi ve years Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing employment is expected to increase by 5500 (or 1.7%).

The industry has a relatively old age profi le (many in the industry continue working beyond the usual retirement age) and females make up a relatively low proportion of employment (30% compared with 46% for all industries).

More than half the workers do not hold post-school qualifi cations, suggesting on-the-job training and experience contribute signifi cantly to skills. Industry bodies have, though, noted the need for more formal training. The vast majority of jobs in this industry (around 285 000 or 87%) are outside the state capital cities.

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing accounts for a relatively small proportion of Australia’s employment (3%), but in many regional areas it is a major employer. This is particularly the case in Far West New South Wales, where one in fi ve workers is directly employed in this industry (21%), and in Southern and Eastern South Australia, where 16% of workers are employed in the sector.

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing as a % of Total Employment in Each Region


Industries


ARTS AND RECREATION SERVICES



The Arts and Recreation Services industry employs 213 400 workers (2% of national employment). It covers a diverse range of activities including the operation of museums, parks and gardens, creative and performing arts, and professional and recreational sports.

Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment rose by 35 300 (or 19.8%). Most new jobs are in Creative and Performing Arts Activities (up by 10 000) and Heritage Activities (9400). Over the next fi ve years, employment is expected to increase by 7800 (or 3.7%), driven by growth in Sports and Recreation Activities.

This industry’s workforce is relatively young with one third of workers aged 45 years or older (compared with 38% in all industries). Many workers are employed part-time (44% compared with 30% for all industries). A slightly higher proportion of workers in this industry do not hold post-school qualifi cations than the national average (42% compared with 37%).

Most employment in Arts and Recreation Services is based in the state capital cities. Around 34% (around 72 000 workers) in the industry are employed in regional Australia, and there is little variation in employment share across regions outside the state capital cities, with most having less than 3% of their workforce employed in this industry.

Arts and Recreation Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region


CONSTRUCTION

Employment This industry All industriesNovember 2011 (number) 1 045 500 11 456 5005 year change to November 2011 (%) 10.7 10.4Working part-time (%) 14 30Female (%) 11 46Aged 45 years or older (%) 33 38Employment outside state capital cities (%) 39 37


Construction is the third largest employing industry in Australia, with more than one million workers (9% of national employment). Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment increased by 10.7% (or 100 700). This growth was mainly driven by Construction Services (up by 47 500) and Building Construction (21 700). Construction employment is expected to rise by 131 200 (or 12.6%) over the next fi ve years, with most new jobs expected to continue to be created in Construction Services.

The vast majority of workers are males who are employed full-time. Females have a low share of Construction industry employment (just 11% compared with 46% across all industries) and 14% of workers are employed part-time.

A relatively low proportion of the workforce holds higher education qualifi cations. Consistent with the largest occupations in this industry being trades (four of the top fi ve) 46% of workers hold vocational education and training qualifi cations at the Certifi cate III or higher level, well above the average of 29% across all industries.

Around 407 000 workers in regional Australia are employed in Construction, 39% of the industry’s employment. Some regions have a relatively high proportion of their workforce employed in this industry. For example, the Gold Coast has more than 14% of its workers in this industry.

Construction as a % of Total Employment in Each Region


Industries


ELECTRICITY, GAS, WATER AND WASTE SERVICES



Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services is the smallest employing industry with 154 400 workers (1% of national employment). The industry experienced strong employment growth over the fi ve years to November 2011, up by 45.7% (or 48 400). Most new jobs are in Electricity Supply (up by 26 800) and Waste Collection, Treatment and Disposal Services (19 800). Over the next fi ve years, employment in Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services is expected to increase by 17 900 (or 11.6%).

This industry is male dominated (three in four workers are male) and the majority of employment is full-time (91%). The industry also has a slightly higher proportion of older workers compared with all industries (43% are aged 45 years or older compared with 38%).

The industry is relatively highly skilled. About 31% of workers do not hold post-school qualifi cations compared with 37% across all industries. Almost two in fi ve workers hold a Certifi cate III or higher vocational education and training qualifi cation.

This industry provides good job opportunities in regional areas. Around 44% of workers in the industry (more than 67 000) are employed in regional Australia, higher than the average for all industries (37%). There are limited differences in employment share from region to region, with around half the regions having less than 1.5% of their workers in this industry.



EDUCATION AND TRAINING



Education and Training has 859 200 workers. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment increased by 15.4% (or 114 700). Most new jobs are in Adult, Community and Other Education and Tertiary Education. Over the next fi ve years, Education and Training employment is expected to increase by 61 300 (or 7.1%), with almost half the new jobs expected to be in Preschool and School Education.

The industry has a relatively older workforce with almost half the workers aged 45 years or older compared with 38% in all industries. Almost seven in ten workers are female and there are good opportunities for part-time work with 38% of workers employed on a part-time basis.

This is a highly skilled industry, just 15% of workers do not hold a post-school qualifi cation. Refl ecting the very large numbers of professionals employed in this industry, mainly teachers, the higher education sector is a key contributor of skills. More than three in every fi ve workers (64%) hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation.

More than 305 000 people are employed in Education and Training in regional Australia, 36% of the industry’s workers. Refl ecting the need for education and training services in every region, the employment share does not vary much across Australian regions. The lowest proportion is around 5% in the Illawarra in New South Wales and the highest is almost 10% in West Moreton, Queensland.

Education and Training as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Industries


HEALTH CARE AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE



The Health Care and Social Assistance industry has experienced strong growth over the past decade and is now Australia’s largest employing industry with more than 1.3 million workers (12% of national employment). Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment increased by 276 000 (or 25.9%). Employment growth was strong across all subdivisions but the largest number of new jobs was in Medical and Other Health Care Services (up by 108 700 or 36.1%), which covers services like pathology, medical and dental practitioners and physiotherapy. Over the next fi ve years, employment in Health Care and Social Assistance is expected to increase by 241 800 (or 18.0%), providing more new jobs than any other industry.

The workforce is female dominated (79%) and 43% of workers are employed part-time (compared with 30% across all industries). About 47% of workers are aged 45 years or older compared with 38% for all industries.

The Health Care and Social Assistance industry is highly skilled, with many of the large employing occupations requiring tertiary qualifi cations.

This industry employs slightly fewer than half a million people in regional Australia. Although the industry represents 12% of Australia’s workforce it has a higher proportion in some regions. For example, Far West New South Wales has 17% of its jobs in this industry.



FINANCIAL AND INSURANCE SERVICES



The Financial and Insurance Services industry is a relatively small employing industry, with 432 100 workers. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment rose by 30 300 (or 7.5%). Most new jobs are in Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services (up by 31 100 or 28.4%), with growth in this subdivision and a smaller rise in Insurance and Superannuation Funds partially offset by a fall in employment in Finance. Employment is expected to increase by 18 500 (or 4.3%) over the next fi ve years.

Relatively few people work part-time (18%) compared with all industries (30%). More than half of the workforce is female (53%) which is higher than the all industries average (46%). About 31% of workers are aged 45 years or older compared with 38% in all industries.

The higher education sector plays an important role in the provision of skills, with more than two in every fi ve workers holding a Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation. Around a quarter of workers have Certifi cate III or higher vocational education and training qualifi cations.

The majority of large fi nance and insurance companies operate from state capital cities, resulting in employment in this industry being highly concentrated in metropolitan areas. Around 20% (more than 85 000 people) are employed in regional Australia, the lowest proportion of any industry.

Financial and Insurance Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Health Care and Social Assistance as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Industries


INFORMATION MEDIA AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS



Information Media and Telecommunications is a diverse industry including newspaper and Internet publishing, radio and broadcasting. It employs 203 700 workers. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment fell by 46 800 (or 18.7%). Over the next fi ve years, employment is expected to increase by 4600 (or 2.3%). Although there is likely to be a slight rise overall, there is some disparity across subdivisions. Four of the seven are expected to increase employment, with the largest number of new jobs in Telecommunications Services.

The majority of workers are employed full-time (81%) and 42% of workers are female, slightly lower than the all industries average (46%). A smaller proportion of workers in this industry are aged 45 years or older (31%) compared with the average across all industries (38%).

Less than one third of workers do not hold post-school qualifi cations, compared with 37% for all industries. Workers are less likely to hold vocational education and training qualifi cations (23% compared with 29%), but are considerably more likely to have a Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation (40% compared with 27%) than the average for all industries.

Employment is concentrated in the state capital cities, but this industry employs around 43 000 workers in regional Australia.

MANUFACTURING



Just over a decade ago, Manufacturing was Australia’s largest employing industry, now it is fourth. However, it still employs 945 600 workers or 8% of Australia’s workforce. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment fell by 72 100 (or 7.1%). The decline was evident in ten of the 15 subdivisions, including Transport Equipment Manufacturing (down by 24 600) and Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (19 200). There were some job gains, though, in subdivisions such as Primary Metal and Metal Product Manufacturing (up by 12 900). Employment in Manufacturing is expected to fall over the next fi ve years, down by 85 600 (or 9.0%), but is expected to rise in four subdivisions, including in Primary Metal and Metal Product Manufacturing.

The workforce is dominated by males (74%) and most employment is full-time (86%). A slightly larger proportion of workers in this industry are aged 45 years or older (41%) compared with all industries (38%).

A relatively high proportion of workers do not hold post-school qualifi cations (42% compared with 37% across all industries), but the workforce has become more skilled with a higher proportion now in skilled occupations than a decade ago. The largest occupations are engineering trades and, as a result, vocational education and training is a vital source of skills.

There are around one third of a million Manufacturing jobs in regional Australia. This industry accounts for around 8% of national employment, but in some regional areas it has a much higher proportion of the local workforce.



Information Media and Telecommunications as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Manufacturing as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Industries


MINING



Mining employs around 239 100 workers. Employment rose strongly over the fi ve years to November 2011, up by 75.5% (or 102 900). Most new jobs are in Metal Ore Mining (up by 37 900 or 79.1%) and Coal Mining (21 100 or 75.5%). Over the next fi ve years, employment is expected to increase by 43.4% (or 103 700), the strongest growth rate of any industry.

The majority of workers are male (84%) and almost all are employed full-time (97%). A smaller proportion of workers are aged 45 years or older (34%) compared with the average across all industries (38%).

The vocational education and training sector is a major contributor of skills with more than two in fi ve workers holding Certifi cate III or higher vocational education and training qualifi cations. The higher education sector is also a key source of skilled workers, with professionals such as engineers and geologists being vital to the industry.

Three in every fi ve Mining workers (around 140 000 people) are employed in regional Australia, with large numbers of workers fl ying in and out of regional locations. While Mining directly accounts for 2% of employment in Australia, some regions are highly dependent on the industry for employment. For example, in the resource rich area of Remainder-Balance WA (which incorporates the vast majority of regional Western Australia), around 18% of the workforce is employed in Mining, the highest of any region in Australia.

OTHER SERVICES



Other Services is a diverse industry which includes personal services and selected repair and maintenance activities. The industry has 452 700 workers.Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment grew by 9.2% (or 38 300). Most new jobs are in the Personal and Other Services, which includes personal care, funeral and religious services, (up by 20 500) and Repair and Maintenance (15 400) sectors. Over the next fi ve years, employment is projected to grow by 18 400 (or 4.1%). About half the new jobs are expected to be in each of the Repair and Maintenance, and Personal and Other Services sectors.

A slightly lower proportion of the workforce in this industry is female (41%) compared with all industries (46%).

Consistent with technicians and trades workers being the largest employing occupations, the vocational education and training sector provides a signifi cant contribution to skills in this industry. Almost half of workers (47%) hold a Certifi cate III or higher vocational education and training qualifi cation, compared with 29% for all industries.

Other Services employs 4% of Australia’s workforce, with more than 172 000 people working in regional Australia (38% of industry employment). The region with the highest proportion of its workers in this industry is Wollongong (where 6.6% of the region’s employment is in Other Services), and the lowest is Southern Tasmania (1.9%).



Mining as a % of Total Employment in Each RegionOther Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Industries


PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SERVICES



Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services has 865 700 workers. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment rose by 122 300 (or 16.5%), with many new jobs in Computer System Design and Related Services and Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services. Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services is expected to also provide more than 40% of the projected 108 200 new jobs in Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services over the next fi ve years.

Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services includes a diverse range of activities such as legal and accounting services, veterinary services and computer system design. About 56% of workers have a Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation, more than twice the average for all industries (27%).

A relatively low proportion of workers in this industry are employed part-time (22% compared with 30% for all industries). The proportion of workers who are aged 45 years or older is slightly lower in this industry than it is across all occupations (36% compared with 38%).

Employment is concentrated in the state capital cities. The industry also has, though, a relatively high proportion of its workers employed in the ACT where it accounts for 9% of the workforce. There are slightly fewer than 210 000 workers employed in the Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services industry outside the state capital cities, almost a quarter of the industry’s workers.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SAFETY



Public Administration and Safety has employment of 738 100, about 6% of the Australian workforce. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment grew by 98 400 (or 15.4%). The largest numbers of new jobs were in Public Administration (up by 79 900) and Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services (16 300). In the next fi ve years, employment is expected to increase by 31 200 (or 4.2%).

Females comprise 47% of the industry’s workforce (compared with 46% for all industries), and 17% of workers are employed part-time (compared with 30% for all industries). About 45% of workers are aged 45 years or older compared with the 38% across all industries.

Around 29% of workers do not hold post-school qualifi cations, well below the all industries average of 37%. About 36% hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation (compared with 27% for all industries) and the proportion holding a Certifi cate III or higher vocational education and training qualifi cation is similar to the average for all occupations.

Public Administration and Safety has a signifi cantly higher proportion of its workforce (43% or more than 310 000 people) outside the state capital cities than the average across all industries (37%). In the ACT, which is home to the Australian Government’s administration, this industry accounts for about 31% of the workforce.



Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Public Administration and Safety as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Industries


RENTAL, HIRING AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES



The Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services industry employs around 193 800 people, accounting for 2% of national employment. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment fell by 2600 (or 1.3%). Employment is expected to increase by 6700 (or 3.5%) over the next fi ve years. The new jobs are anticipated to be in Property Operators and Real Estate Services (up by 7600). This rise, though, will be partially offset by a fall in Rental and Hiring Services (except Real Estate), which covers activities like motor vehicle and bloodstock leasing.

Half the workers in the industry are female, higher than the all industries average of 46%, and a slightly lower proportion of employment is part-time (26% compared with 30%).

Around 40% of workers in the industry do not hold post-school qualifi cations, slightly higher than the all industries average (37%), but almost one in three holds a Certifi cate III or higher vocational education and training qualifi cation (compared with 29% for all industries).

Around one third of jobs (more than 64 000) in the Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services industry are in regional Australia. The industry’s share of local employment does not vary much across the regions, with the highest share being around 3% in the Gold Coast.

RETAIL TRADE



Retail Trade is Australia’s second largest employing industry, with more than 1.2 million workers. Over the fi ve years to November 2011, employment rose by 34 600 (or 2.9%). There are fi ve major subdivisions in this industry, and employment increased in three, with the small Non-Store Retailing and Retail Commission-Based Retailing sector showing the strongest growth (up by 147.1% or 9900). The largest number of new jobs, though, was in Food Retailing (up by 22 200 or 6.2%). Employment in Retail Trade is expected to increase by 50 400 (or 4.1%) over the next fi ve years.

About 56% of workers are female and almost half of Retail Trade employment is part-time (48%). This industry’s workforce also has a young age profi le.

About 59% of workers do not hold post-school qualifi cations, compared with 37% for all industries, making Retail Trade an ideal entry point to the labour market.

Almost two in every fi ve Retail jobs are outside the state capital cities, making it a signifi cant source of jobs in regional areas, employing around 470 000 workers. The industry has about 11% of national employment, but its share of local employment is as high as 15% in Wide-Bay Burnett in Queensland and 14% on the Sunshine Coast, also in Queensland.



Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Retail Trade as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Industries


TRANSPORT, POSTAL AND WAREHOUSING


Educational profileWith a Bachelor degree or higher (%) 14 27With VET qualifications at Cert III or higher (%) 30 29Without post-school qualifications (%) 47 37

Transport, Postal and Warehousing employs around 580 100 workers, accounting for 5% of the national workforce. Over the five years to November 2011, employment grew strongly, up by 13.4% (or 68 400). Most new jobs are in Rail Transport (up by 20 200) and Transport Support Services (18 000). Over the next five years, employment is expected to increase by 42 000 (or 7.2%).

The industry’s workforce is relatively old (48% of workers are aged 45 years or older compared with 38% across all industries). The majority of workers in the industry are male (78%) and the vast majority of employment is full-time (81%).

This workforce has a relatively low skill profile. Almost half the workers in this industry (47%) do not hold post-school qualifications, compared with 37% for all industries. The vocational education and training sector is an important contributor of skills, with 30% of workers holding Certificate III or higher vocational education and training qualifications.

Transport, Postal and Warehousing employs more than 190 000 people in regional Australia (one in three of its workers is employed outside the state capital cities). This is slightly lower than the average for all industries (37%). The industry employs 5% of the Australian workforce, however, it employs up to 7.5% in some regions and less than 1% in Far West in New South Wales.

WHOLESALE TRADE


Educational profileWith a Bachelor degree or higher (%) 21 27With VET qualifications at Cert III or higher (%) 24 29Without post-school qualifications (%) 47 37

The Wholesale Trade industry employs 424 700 workers. Over the five years to November 2011, employment increased by 3.9% (or 15 800). Employment rose in most subdivisions, with the largest increase being in Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling (up by 28 000). Rises were partially offset by falls in Basic Material Wholesaling and Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts Wholesaling. Employment is expected to rise by 17 000 (or 4.0%) over the next five years, with the largest employment gains expected in Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling, and Grocery, Liquor and Tobacco Product Wholesaling.

A relatively high proportion of workers are male (67%) compared with all industries (54%). The majority of workers are employed full-time (84%) and 42% are aged 45 years or older, higher than the average for all industries (38%).

Almost half the workers in this industry do not hold post-school qualifications, suggesting that there are good opportunities for entry-level positions.

Employment is concentrated in the state capital cities. Just 28% of workers (around 120 000) are employed in regional Australia, well below the average for all industries (37%). Outside the state capital cities some regions, such as Southern and Eastern SA, West Moreton in Queensland and Northern, North Western and Central West in New South Wales have a relatively high proportion of their workforces in the industry (around 4%).



Transport, Postal and Warehousing as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Wholesale Trade as a % of Total Employment in Each Region

Occupations and skills


OCCUPATIONAL OVERVIEW

In which occupations do Australians work?About one in three Australian workers is a Manager or Professional. The largest occupational group in employment terms is Professionals, with more than 2.4 million workers. Professional jobs generally require completion of a Bachelor degree or higher qualifi cation.

Another 30% of Australians are employed as Technicians and Trades Workers or Clerical and Administrative Workers. Entry to occupations in these groups differs, but generally requires vocational education and training or equivalent experience.

There are 25 occupations (of the more than 350 included in the Australian Jobs Matrix which begins on page 35) which employ more than 100 000 people. The fi ve largest employing occupations in Australia are

• Sales Assistants, General (499 000)

• Managers, Retail (240 900)

• Nurses, Registered (228 000)

• Clerks, General (187 200)

• Truck Drivers (184 800).

Which occupations have grown?More than 1 million new jobs were created in Australia in the fi ve years to November 2011. Professionals accounted for more than one third of these. In percentage terms, employment growth was strongest for Community and Personal Service Workers.

The increasing need for highly skilled workers is shown in the relative employment change across occupational groups over the fi ve years to November 2011. The largest numbers of new jobs were for

• Professionals (up by 368 600)

• Community and Personal Service Workers which generally require a vocational education and training qualifi cation or equivalent (196 000).

Employment in the lowest skilled group, Labourers, fell by 11 600.

At the specifi c occupation level, the largest numbers of new jobs over the fi ve years to November 2011 were for

• Clerks, General (up by 64 700)


• Managers, Advertising and Sales (34 900)

• Sales Assistants, General (32 600)

• Carers, Aged and Disabled (32 300).

Hours of workEmployment in Australia is a mix of jobs that are full-time, part-time, permanent and casual. This blend of job opportunities responds to both the needs of employers and workers.

There is quite a marked variation in hours of work across the major occupational groups. More than half of those employed as Sales Workers and Community and Personal Service Workers are employed part-time. This suggests these occupations offer good opportunities for people seeking shorter work hours to balance employment with study or caring responsibilities. Females also make up a larger proportion of these workforces than the national workforce average (more than 60% compared with 46% across all occupations).

Age profi leAn important element behind the changing nature of the Australian labour market has been the ageing workforce. In 2011, 38% of Australian workers were aged 45 years or older, and the workforce is ageing, meaning that this proportion is projected to increase. Occupations with a high proportion of workers aged 45 years or older are likely to provide additional opportunities for job seekers as workers retire over the next decade.

The Managers group has the oldest age profi le, with half of these workers aged 45 years or older refl ecting, in part, the many years of experience generally required for these jobs. Machinery Operators and Drivers and Clerical and Administrative Workers also have relatively older age profi les (47% and 42% are aged 45 years or older, respectively).

Occupations in regional locationsThe occupational groups with the highest proportion of their employment in regional areas are Labourers (47%) and Machinery Operators and Drivers (44%). Although Professionals has a low proportion of its workforce employed outside the state capital cities, it is a large group and there are around 700 000 jobs in regional Australia. Shortages of Professionals in fi elds such as agriculture, health and engineering are also evident in a number of regional locations, so employment prospects for people with relevant qualifi cations and experience are good.

Occupational Employment

Employment Nov 2011Employment profi le (% of

occupational group)Projected growth

to 2016-17

% of

workforce5 year change

Outside state

capitalsWorking

part-time Female

Aged 45 years or

older‘000 % ‘000 % % % % % ‘000 %

Managers 1483.3 13 163.7 12.4 40 12 35 50 94.2 6.4Professionals 2438.4 21 368.6 17.8 28 23 52 39 254.7 10.4Technicians and Trades Workers 1689.0 15 108.8 6.9 41 14 13 33 146.5 8.7Community and Personal Service Workers 1088.6 10 196.0 22.0 39 53 68 33 118.9 10.9Clerical and Administrative Workers 1731.5 15 117.2 7.3 33 36 76 42 97.7 5.6Sales Workers 1048.9 9 43.6 4.3 36 56 62 25 29.0 2.8Machinery Operators and Drivers 799.8 7 104.8 15.1 44 14 9 47 51.3 6.4Labourers 1150.1 10 -11.6 -1.0 47 43 34 37 37.0 3.2

Total (all occupations) 11 456.5 100 1077.4 10.4 37 30 46 38 829.3 7.2Source: ABS Labour Force Survey. DEEWR employment projections.



SKILL LEVEL OVERVIEW

Employment by skill level

Skill Level Qualifi cation equivalence

Employment Nov 2011

Projected Growth to

2016-17

% of workforce 5 year change

‘000 % ‘000 % ‘0001 Bachelor Degree or higher qualifi cation 3259.8 28 446.3 15.9 322.52 AQF Associate Degree, Advanced Diploma or Diploma 1288.8 11 129.5 11.2 100.8

3AQF Certifi cate III or Certifi cate IV (including at least two years of on-the job-training)

1697.9 15 60.0 3.7 121.8

4 AQF Certifi cate II or Certifi cate III 2981.7 26 344.4 13.1 224.25 AQF Certifi cate I or compulsory secondary education 1958.9 17 45.0 2.4 59.9

Sources: ABS Labour Force Survey. DEEWR employment projections

Most new jobs will be in skilled occupationsMore than half the projected growth in jobs over the next fi ve years is expected to be in the highly skilled occupations, which includes those at skill levels 1 and 2.

Projected Employment Growth to 2016–17, Skill Level (% share)

Source: DEEWR employment projections

However, job opportunities are expected across all skill levels. The fi ve occupations expected to provide the largest number of new jobs over the next fi ve years are


• Carers, Aged and Disabled (23 900)

• Electricians (23 800)

• Clerks, General (20 500)

• Clerks, Accounting (18 600).

In the future, the skill requirements of many jobs are predicted to change dramatically in response to new systems and technologies. In some industries, a Certifi cate III is emerging as the minimum qualifi cation needed for entry level jobs.

Skill Level 1, 38.9%




Skill Level 5, 7.2%

The previous page examined the labour market by occupation. To understand changes in the level of skill of the Australian workforce, and the importance of acquiring skills, it is useful to also examine employment trends by skill level.

Generally, the higher the skill level the greater the amount of formal education or training, previous experience and on-the-job training is required to competently perform in an occupation. Skill levels are indicative, and for many occupations, some years of relevant experience can substitute for formal qualifi cations.

More than 3.2 million workers are employed in an occupation assessed at skill level 1 (equivalent to a Bachelor Degree or higher qualifi cation), which includes Managers and Professionals. The next highest skill levels, 2 and 3 (which are equivalent to vocational education and training at the Certifi cate III or higher level) combined account for more than 2.9 million people. The range of occupations in this category is very broad, including some in each of Community and Personal Service Workers, Clerical and Administrative Workers, Sales Workers, Machinery Operators and Drivers and Labourers.

Over the fi ve years to November 2011, the strongest employment growth was recorded at skill level 1 (up by 15.9% or 446 300 jobs) with employment in relatively low skilled occupations (skill level 5) increasing by only 2.4% (or 45 000).

The rise in employment in skilled occupations has not only occurred over the recent past. Since 1990, employment growth for jobs that generally require a qualifi cation at the Diploma level or higher (or extensive on-the-job experience) has outstripped the growth in low skilled jobs (employment growth of 78% for occupations at skill levels 1 and 2 over this period compared with 17% growth for skill level 5 occupations).

The value of studying to gain skills is not only highlighted by the growth in employment in skilled occupations, but also in relative unemployment rates and starting salaries for graduates. Page 30 provides information on the relationship between education and employment.

It is evident, too, that this trend will continue with the majority of occupations expected to experience jobs growth over the next fi ve years requiring a high level of skill, highlighting the importance of developing skills and undertaking further education and training to increase your employment opportunities.



THE NEXT FIVE YEARS

Which occupations will have the most new jobs over the next fi ve years?While all eight major occupational groups are expected to have larger employment in fi ve years time, there are projected to be smaller employment gains for the lower skilled occupational groups of Sales Workers, Labourers and Machinery Operators and Drivers, highlighting the importance of undertaking post-school education and training to improve your job and career prospects. More information about employment change by skill level is included on page 26.

Over the fi ve years to 2016–17, the largest jobs growth is expected to be for Professionals (up by 254 700) followed by Technicians and Trades Workers (146 500) and Community and Personal Service Workers (118 900). There are also expected to be large numbers of new jobs for Clerical and Administrative Workers (97 700) and Managers (94 200).

Projected Employment Growth to 2016–17, Occupation Group (‘000)


The graph below highlights the strong role that Professionals will play in contributing to overall employment growth over the next fi ve years, with around 31% of new jobs being in this group.

Projected Employment Growth to 2016–17, Occupation Group (% share)

29.0

37.0

51.3

94.2

97.7

118.9

146.5

254.7

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Sales Workers

Labourers

Machinery Operators and Drivers

Managers

Clerical and Administrative Workers

Community and Personal Service Workers

Technicians and Trades Workers

Professionals

Which industries will have the most new jobs over the next fi ve years?All industries are projected to increase their employment over the next fi ve years except Manufacturing, where employment is expected to decline (continuing a long-term trend). Over the fi ve years to 2016–17, though, more than half of the new jobs in Australia are expected to be provided by just three of the 19 industries. The pie chart below shows that one in four new jobs (241 800 or 26.4% of new jobs) is expected to be in Health Care and Social Assistance, with Construction and Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services together also creating more than a quarter of new jobs (up by 131 200 and 108 200 respectively).

Projected Employment Growth to 2016–17 Industry (% share)


Other industries which are expected to provide large numbers of new jobs include Mining (up by 103 700), Education and Training (61 300) and Retail Trade (50 400).

Projected Employment Growth to 2016–17, Top 10 Industries (‘000)


At the more disaggregated level, the top ten sectors providing the most new jobs are expected to be

• Hospitals (up by 63 100)• Cafés, Restaurants and Takeaway Food Services (53 000)• Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services (46 400)• Residential Care Services (39 000)• Building Installation Services (37 600)• Metal Ore Mining (36 800)• Other Social Assistance Services (34 500)• Computer System Design and Related Services (32 700)• Allied Health Services (31 100)• Building Completion Services (29 400).

Sales Workers, 3.5%

Labourers, 4.5%

Machinery Operators and Drivers, 6.2%

Managers, 11.4% Clerical and Administrative

Workers, 11.8%

Community and Personal Service Workers, 14.3%

Technicians and Trades Workers, 17.7%

Professionals, 30.7%

Health Care & SocialAssistance, 26.4%

Construction, 14.3%

Professional, Scientific & Technical Services, 11.8%

Mining, 11.3%

Education & Training, 6.7%

Retail Trade, 5.5% Transport, Postal & Warehousing, 4.6%

Public Administration & Safety, 3.4%

Other Industries, 15.9%

18.5

30.9

31.2

42.0

50.4

61.3

103.7

108.2

131.2

241.8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Financial and Insurance Services

Accommodation and Food Services

Public Administration and Safety

Transport, Postal and Warehousing

Retail Trade


Mining

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Construction

Health Care and Social Assistance






WHAT DO EMPLOYERS LOOK FOR WHEN RECRUITING?It is now a requirement of nationally recognised vocational education and training packages to embed employability skills into course content.

The eight identifi ed employability skills are:

• Communication skills; Team work skills; Problem-solving skills; Initiative and enterprise skills; Planning and organising skills; Self-management skills; Learning skills and Technology skills.

While employers consider all eight to be important, particular jobs may require some more than others. Employers also value a range of personal attributes including: loyalty, commitment, honesty and integrity, enthusiasm, reliability, personal presentation, common sense, positive self-esteem, ability to deal with pressure, motivation and adaptability. To fi nd out more about employability skills go to www.deewr.gov.au click on schooling then careers and transitions.

Are employers just looking for workers in occupations in shortage?Sometimes a great deal of attention is given to skill shortages. Shortages can result from a number of factors including low levels of training, high levels of wastage (workers no longer in occupations that use their qualifi cations), changes in technology, increasing demand for new skills within an occupation and locational mismatch (where workers who have the skills are not in close proximity to the employers seeking those skills).

The existence of shortages mean there may currently be good opportunities for people with specialised skills or experience in these occupations, but there is no guarantee that those shortages will be evident in the future or that they are apparent in every location. It is better to look for training and employment in an occupation in which you are interested and have aptitude than to base decisions on the existence of shortages.

• There are opportunities for good candidates in every occupation. Page 29 provides information about the factors which infl uence job prospects.

What about the demand for green skills?Green skills, or skills for sustainability, are the professional and vocational skills, as well as the generic skills (such as sustainable approaches, innovation and problem solving) required for the new green jobs and the greening of existing jobs across all industry sectors as a response to climate change and sustainability imperatives. Green skills are important to all industries and sectors.

There is no doubt that new green jobs will be created as we move to a greener economy. This includes occupations in clean energy production and jobs in the manufacturing and production of clean and green consumer items. However, as businesses and entire industries across the economy move to more sustainable ways of working, it is likely that a host of existing jobs will be made greener. Workers across a range of occupations will need new skills to increase effi ciency, reduce waste, conserve water and develop and implement new technologies and practices for a more sustainable world. Others will need to respond to the demand for sustainable design, green products and green skills from clients and customers.

The Australian Government is committed to ensuring that the education and training system is capable of providing a workforce that has the skills required to face the challenges of the future and the transition to a sustainable, low carbon economy. Further information about initiatives providing opportunities for Australians to learn new skills for sustainability and enhance existing skills, knowledge and practices can be found at www.deewr.gov.au/Skills/Programs/WorkDevelop/ClimateChangeSustainability.

Employers are interested in a range of skills and attributes when they recruit and it is important to understand that technical skills and high levels of qualifi cation can signifi cantly enhance your prospects of gaining a job, but they are not the only attributes you need. No matter what the skill level of the position you want, you are likely to fi nd it hard to gain employment if you do not have ‘employability’ skills, that is, those non-technical skills required to work effectively.

The skills and attributes employers need and the technical or job-specifi c skills they value vary depending on the position they are looking to fi ll. It is also true, though, that no matter in which region, industry or occupation you want to work employers place very strong value on employability skills.

What is the value of post-school education and training?In Australia’s sound labour market, unemployment is relatively low and your chances of getting a job are good, even if you fi nished studying at Year 12. It is clear, though, that completing post-school education or training at the Certifi cate III or higher level means you are less likely to be unemployed and you are highly likely to earn more than someone who has not done further study. Higher levels of education and skills also generally lead to higher levels of workforce participation and productivity.

• Information about opportunities to undertake training to ‘up-skill’ or ‘re-skill’ and obtain formal qualifi cations is available at www.skills.gov.au.

• More information about post-school education and training is included on pages 30 and 31, which include links to useful sites.

Skilled workers commonly earn more, with school leavers earning around 42% less than a university graduate. A Diploma provides some $10 000 a year of income over a school leaver, or more than $400 000 across a 40 year working life.

The occupations which have the highest earnings are generally those which require high levels of skill. Look at the median earnings in the Australian Jobs Matrix which begins on page 35.

• Unemployment is also lower for people who have higher levels of qualifi cation (see page 30).

Do I need workplace experience?One of the most diffi cult challenges, that even the most highly educated person can face, is breaking into the labour market with little or no workplace experience. An entry-level job can provide you with the workplace skills and experience that will be the critical fi rst stepping stone to success in the labour market.

Entry-level positions can be a great place for you to develop employability skills and you don’t have to wait until you have completed school or study. A job in an industry like Retail Trade or Accommodation and Food Services may be available for you to work after school, at weekends or school holidays and this can help you gain valuable workplace skills as well as possibly providing you with a good reference for future job applications.

What are employability skills?Employability skills are non-technical or generic skills which contribute to your ability to gain and keep a job. They are sometimes referred to as key, core, life, essential or soft skills. Unlike many technical skills, employability skills are transferable between jobs.

Employers often reject applicants who are suitable in many other respects, even those who hold relevant qualifi cations, because they do not have the required employability skills. These skills can be developed in entry-level jobs or pre-vocational courses and extracurricular activities.

http://www.deewr.gov.au/Schooling/CareersandTransitions/EmployabilitySkills/Pages/Overview.aspx

http://www.deewr.gov.au/Skills/Programs/WorkDevelop/ClimateChangeSustainability/Pages/default.aspx

http://www.deewr.gov.au/Skills/Programs/WorkDevelop/ClimateChangeSustainability/Pages/default.aspx



WHICH JOBS HAVE THE BEST PROSPECTS?

Geologists• This profession requires a minimum of a Bachelor degree for entry and

graduate outcomes are good.

• Small employment (11 100 workers in Geologist and Geophysicist combined) so although employment growth over the past fi ve years has been strong, there were just 1700 new jobs in the two fi elds. Employment is expected to continue to grow relatively strongly.

• About 90% of Geologists and Geophysicists are employed in the Mining and Professional, Scientifi c and Technical Services industries.

• There are shortages of Geologists, but there are very few opportunities outside those remote and regional areas where Mining is concentrated.

• High earnings refl ect the level of skill, remote location of jobs and shortages.

• You may to have to move to undertake training and be willing to work in a regional location, but if you have the skills and are fl exible in your work location, your prospects of gaining a job in this occupation are good.

Medical Practitioners, General• This is quite a large occupation, 52 300 employed. Employment growth

has been very strong over the past fi ve years and further strong growth is expected over the next fi ve years, creating more than 9000 jobs.

• Earnings are very high and unemployment is low.

• Entry to training is competitive, generally requiring a very high Australian Tertiary Admission Rank and often, in addition, success in the UMAT test which some universities use in the selection of students.

• If you have registration as a Medical Practitioner, though, you are pretty close to being guaranteed a job.

Plumbers• A minimum of a Certifi cate III is required and licensing is needed for

most work. Training is through a formal apprenticeship.

• Plumber is a large occupation with employment of 81 100. Employment is almost entirely in the Construction industry (more than 90%). Employment increased at an average rate over the past fi ve years, with 7900 new jobs, but strong growth is expected.

• Staff turnover is relatively low, but there are still many jobs available to replace workers who retire or leave the trade.

• Unemployment is below average and there are shortages of Plumbers. There are opportunities for self-employment, with ABS Labour Force Survey data showing almost two in fi ve Plumbers are working for themselves.

• Earnings are about average but working conditions can be muddy and diffi cult as some work is in sewerage systems.

Sales Assistants, General• This is the largest employing occupation in Australia (almost 500 000

jobs) with opportunities in almost every location across the country.

• Employment growth has been below average over the past fi ve years (up by 7.0% compared with 10.4% across all occupations) but the large size of the occupation means a large number of jobs were created (32 600). Over the next fi ve years, more than 12 000 new jobs are likely.

• Staff turnover is high which means many vacancies are created as people leave their Sales Assistant positions to work in other occupations or retire.

• Few Sales Assistants hold post-school qualifi cations.

• Most employment is part-time (70%).

• Opportunities are also available for people wanting work for a short period, with additional jobs generally offered over the busy Christmas period. This employment can provide great work experience.

• Although it may be relatively easy to gain employment as a Sales Assistant, pay is low and work may involve weekends and evenings.

Are there opportunities in all occupations?Jobs with good prospects exist across many occupational groups and all industries. There are good prospects in many skilled occupations, especially in the trades and professions, but there are also opportunities in jobs that generally do not require post-school education or training. Vacancies arise in all occupations as people move jobs, so there are likely to be opportunities even in occupations in which employment is falling. About a million people change jobs every year – and hundreds of thousands switch industries – showing that the labour market is continuously providing openings.

What factors affect an occupation’s prospects?Many factors affect the number of job opportunities available in an occupation. These include

• Number employed In simple terms, the larger an occupation, the more likely there are to be jobs in every location.

• Employment growth Historical employment growth tells you how many new jobs have been created and projected growth gives you an insight into how many additional jobs there will be in the future.

• Shortages Occupations in which there are shortages mean there are currently good opportunities for people with those skills and experience, and they may offer good job prospects. Some shortages, though, are for highly experienced or specialist workers and new graduates may fi nd it diffi cult to gain initial employment. Shortages vary by location and change over time.

• Job turnover Job turnover is the annual percentage of workers who move out of the occupation into other occupations, retirement or unemployment. Turnover creates opportunities in all occupations when workers need to be replaced.

What other data can help you fi nd out about job prospects?• Industry profi le Some occupations are engaged across a range of

industries, others are concentrated in a single industry. It may be easier to transfer to a new job if an occupation is spread across industries. www.joboutlook.gov.au has useful information about industry dispersion.

• Graduate outcomes It is useful to look at the employment outcomes for graduates (but bear in mind that outcomes change). Information is at www.graduatecareers.com.au/Research/GradJobsDollars.

The following examples show the kind of issues that affect your chances of getting a job in particular occupations.

Carers, Aged and Disabled • A large occupation with 116 800 workers across the country. Strong

employment growth over the past fi ve years (32 300 new jobs) and further strong growth expected as the Australian population ages, providing opportunities for workers with the right skills.

• The workforce is relatively old and staff turnover is slightly higher than average, meaning there are likely to be many vacancies as workers retire or leave the occupation.

• There are good prospects of working part-time, but earnings are low.

• Opportunities to work in this fi eld without qualifi cations are shrinking as many employers seek applicants who hold relevant qualifi cations at the Certifi cate III or higher level.

http://www.Joboutlook.gov.au

http://www.graduatecareers.com.au/Research/GradJobsDollars/index.htm



EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Higher qualifi cations increase your chance of getting a jobThere is plenty of evidence to suggest your level of education has a signifi cant effect on your chance of getting a job. The May 2011 ABS Survey of Education and Work shows that those with a Certifi cate III or higher qualifi cation had a lower unemployment rate than workers who do not hold post-school qualifi cations. The higher your qualifi cation, the less likely you are to be unemployed and data on page 28 also show higher qualifi cations generally mean higher pay. In 2011, the unemployment rate for workers with Year 10 or below as their highest qualifi cation was 8.6%, compared with 5.5% for people who completed Year 12, 4.1% for those with Certifi cate III/IV qualifi cations and 3.0% for people who completed a Bachelor degree.

Unemployment Rate by Qualifi cation, May 2010 and May 2011 (%)

Source: ABS Survey of Education and Work

Employment outcomes for university and vocational education and training graduates are goodFor Bachelor degree graduates, Graduate Careers Australia’s (GCA) 2011 graduate survey shows that 77% of surveyed 2010 graduates had found full-time work four months after fi nishing their degrees. For VET graduates, the National Centre for Vocational Education Research’s (NCVER) survey of VET students for 2010 found that 77% of surveyed graduates found work within six months of graduating. While this fi gure also includes people employed on a part-time basis, these results are similar to the outcomes for Bachelor degree students.

• DEEWR projections (see page 27) show that employment growth over the next fi ve years is expected to be strongest for skilled workers, and many professions and trade occupations have particularly strong employment growth (see the Australian Jobs Matrix which begins on page 35).

Bachelor Degree and Vocational Education and Training Graduates Employed After Graduation, 2009 to 2011

Bachelor degree graduatesVocational education and

training graduates

Employed full-time four months following graduation

Employed (full-time or part-time) at end May following graduation

2011 76.6 77.42010 76.2 76.32009 79.2 77.8

Source: Gradstats and NCVER Student Outcomes

20102011

20 4

8.6

9.9

5.5

6.4

4.1

3.8

3.0

2.7

6 8 10

BachelorDegree

CertificateIII/IV

Year 12

Year 10or below

The Australian workforce is becoming more skilledThe Australian workforce is becoming more educated and more highly skilled. Looking at the industries in which employment growth is very strong, like Health Care and Social Assistance where more than three-quarters of workers hold post-school qualifi cations, it is apparent that most of the new jobs of the future will require post-school qualifi cations to meet employers’ demand for skilled workers. This means that you are at an increasing disadvantage when looking for work if you have a low level of education, or have not completed post-school study. There has been a marked increase in the proportion of Australian workers who hold post-school qualifi cations. Around half of those employed in 2002 had studied after leaving school but this has now risen to around 63%.

Educational Profi le (% of total employed), May 2011

Highest level of post-school qualifi cation %Postgraduate Degree 5.4Graduate Diploma/Certifi cate 2.4Bachelor Degree 19.3Advanced Diploma/Diploma 9.8Certifi cate III/IV 19.6Certifi cate I/II 3.5Certifi cate not further defi ned and level not determined 2.9No post-school qualifi cation 37.2


There is regional disparity in educational attainmentThere are signifi cant differences in the qualifi cation profi le of the workforce in state capital cities compared with regional areas. In state capital cities, people are much more likely to have a university qualifi cation, while in regional Australia, people are more likely to hold vocational education and training qualifi cations. In part, this refl ects the industry base of many regional locations, where Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Construction; Retail Trade; Accommodation and Food Services; Manufacturing and Mining can represent relatively high shares of local employment.

Highest Level of Educational Attainment, by Remoteness Area, May 2011 (% of total employed)


31.9

34.6

27.2

10.8

16.7

31.7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Remote Australia

Regional Australia

Major cities of Australia

% with a university qualification % with a VET Certificate III/IV or higher



Graduate demand is strong in regional areasNCVER data also show that vocational education and training qualifi cations are particularly sought after in regional and remote areas of Australia. Vocational education and training graduates in regional and remote Australia are more likely to fi nd employment after graduation than those in major cities. This is particularly the case for graduates in remote areas (84% were employed after graduating compared with 76% in major cities) and they are also more likely to command a higher income once they have found employment (average annual income of $64 600 compared with $52 800 in major cities).

Outcomes for Vocational Education and Training Graduates by Location, 2011

Average annual income for full-time employed graduates

Employed at end May following graduation

Major cities $52 800 75.5%Inner and outer regional $52 700 79.3%Remote and very remote $64 600 83.5%

Source: NCVER Student Outcomes

Employment outcomes by fi eld of studyGraduate employment outcomes by fi eld of study are useful to see which graduates do best in the labour market but they need to be examined in the context of other information. The information shown below is employment outcomes for Bachelor degree graduates, but the entry qualifi cation for some occupations is commonly a Master’s degree. GCA fi gures show that in Architecture, for example, more than 42% of 2010 Bachelor degree graduates were in further study four months after graduation. For some other occupations, there is a mandatory internship/registration year before a graduate is admitted to the occupation (for example, Medical Practitioner), so a high proportion of these graduates are in full-time work. Detailed information is at www.graduatecareers.com.au/Research, click on explore our research, and www.ncver.edu.au/statistic/21065.

Bachelor Degree Students who Graduated in 2010 (% of those seeking full-time employment who were working full-time four months after graduation)

2010 Vocational Education and Training Graduates, % Employed at May 2011

EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT

52.3

63.0

78.6

81.8

83.6

87.5

89.5

90.6

98.0

98.2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Visual/Performing Arts

Chemistry

Accounting

Building

Law

Rehabilitation

Civil Engineering

Dentistry

Medicine

Mining Engineering

56.1

60.1

62.2

73.3

76.3

77.6

82.8

84.3

85.6

86.3

89.9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Information Technology

Creative Arts

Natural & Physical Sciences

Food, Hospitality & Personal Services

Management and Commerce

Society and Culture

Agriculture, Environmental & Related Studies

Health

Engineering & Related Technologies

Architecture and Building

Education

Source: Graduate Careers Australia, Gradstats

Source: NCVER Student Outcomes

Starting salaries for graduatesIn 2011, GCA fi gures show the median annual starting salary for all Bachelor degree graduates aged less than 25 years and in their fi rst full-time job in Australia was $50 000, up from $49 000 in 2010. The fi ve highest starting salaries were for

• Dentistry ($80 000)

• Optometry ($70 000)

• Earth Sciences ($65 000)

• Engineering ($60 000)

• Medicine ($58 500).

In 2011, NCVER data show the average annual salary for graduates with a qualifi cation through vocational education and training who were in full-time work six months after completing their training was

• Diploma or higher ($60 800)

• Certifi cate III/IV ($53 200)

• Certifi cate I/II ($48 000).

In 2011, for graduates with a qualifi cation through vocational education and training who were in full-time work six months after completing their training, the highest average salaries were in the fi elds of

• Education ($70 400)

• Engineering and Related Technologies ($57 600)

• Health ($57 500)

• Natural and Physical Sciences ($53 900)

• Management and Commerce ($52 400).

Useful linkswww.graduatecareers.com.au – information about higher education graduates.

www.jobsearch.gov.au – graduate careers in the Australian Government and State agencies – Click on ‘Career Information’ then select Graduates.

www.myuniversity.gov.au – the Australian Government’s new website which provides a broad range of information about Australian universities.

www.ncver.edu.au – information on vocational education and training graduate outcomes and research.

www.studyassist.gov.au – more about studying at university.

http://www.graduatecareers.com.au/Research/GradJobsDollars/index.htm

http://www.ncver.edu.au/statistic/21065

http://www.graduatecareers.com.au

http://www.jobsearch.gov.au/

http://www.myuniversity.gov.au

http://www.ncver.edu.au/



EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATION SERVICES

based on your individual circumstances and caring responsibilities. Assistance could include support to access suitable child care.

Principal carer parents on income support are eligible to access Job Services Australia services for help to gain new skills or update existing skills. Parents who are not on income support can also access employment services. Your local Job Services Australia provider will be able to discuss this with you in more detail, based on your individual circumstances.

Local Employment CoordinatorsLocal Employment Coordinators (LECs) work in 20 vulnerable areas across Australia. LECs identify opportunities and drive strategic responses to local needs by facilitating linkages across business, community, provider organisations and all levels of government to help people into jobs and meet demands for skills and labour.

The Government has extended the Priority Employment Area initiative, including Local Employment Coordinators and Jobs and Skills Expos, until 2013. Go to www.deewr.gov.au/PEA for information on the 20 areas identifi ed as requiring additional assistance to help address local labour market issues. A total of $45.2 million has been allocated over two years, including a $20 million Flexible Funding Pool, to continue activities that support these vulnerable areas. To fi nd out where Jobs and Skills Expos are being held, go to the PEA website and click on Jobs and Skills Expos.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoplesIf you are an Indigenous job seeker and experiencing barriers to getting a job, all Job Services Australia providers can deliver specifi c services to meet your needs. They will be able to provide fl exible assistance and support to help you overcome barriers. Based on your needs this can include work experience opportunities by placing you with an employer, access to training and skill development or assistance to relocate to a place with more work opportunities. You may also be given the choice of attending an Indigenous specialist Job Service Australia provider, who operate in many locations across Australia.

Job Services Australia providers work with local employers, Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP), Indigenous Employment Program (IEP) providers, community and health services, registered training organisations, state, territory and local government and other organisations to develop opportunities. Providers of the IEP work with Job Services Australia providers to assist Indigenous job seekers with getting a job, staying employed, developing their career or owning and operating their own business.

Further information is available at www.deewr.gov.au/Indigenous or by contacting a Job Services Australia provider. You can also look at www.fi ftythousandjobs.org.au.

People from culturally and linguistically diverse backgroundsIf you are a job seeker from a culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) background, you may be given the choice of attending a CALD specialist Job Services Australia provider. Centrelink and your Job Services Australia provider will provide interpreter services when required. You can contact Centrelink’s multilingual call service on 13 12 02.

The Language, Literacy and Numeracy program may also help improve English language skills. See www.deewr.gov.au/llnp for program details.

There is a wide range of Government assistance available to help you fi nd the right job, gain skills through training and understand your rights in the workplace. The following information is a summary with links provided to help you get the full details about policies and programs available to assist you.

If you would like further information, the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations’ (DEEWR) website www.deewr.gov.au is the place to start. If you do not have access to the Internet, call DEEWR on 13 17 64.

EMPLOYMENTHelp if you are looking for workIf you’re looking for work, contact Centrelink at www.humanservices.gov.au or phone 13 25 80. The helpful staff there can then assist you to get in touch with an employment service provider.

Job Services Australia Job Services Australia is the Australian Government’s national employment services system. It is a one stop shop for employment assistance that has providers located in more than 2000 towns, cities and rural sites across Australia.

If you are an eligible job seeker, you will be linked to a provider of your choosing who will work with you to develop an Employment Pathway Plan that is tailored to your individual needs. This maps out the services and training that will help you to fi nd and keep a job. Details about Job Services Australia, including information for specialist services, which are summarised below, and the location of Job Services Australia providers, is available at www.deewr.gov.au/jsa. For further assistance call the job seeker hotline on 13 62 68.

Youth For youth services visit www.youth.gov.au. Job Services Australia is available to all young people aged between 15 and 21, who are not in full-time study or full-time work, regardless of whether they receive income support. In addition, if you have signifi cant issues preventing you from getting a job, you may be able to register directly with a Job Services Australia provider to get immediate help.

The Indigenous Youth Careers Pathways program (IYCP) is available for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students in Years 11 and 12 (and in limited cases Year 10 students) to start and successfully complete a school-based traineeship. Assistance is also available for other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students, including younger secondary students (from Year 7) to stay in school, undertake a school-based traineeship, fi nd a job or move into further study.

Mature age employmentIf you are aged 50 or older and looking for work, you can register to receive help from Job Services Australia. You may want to explore www.deewr.gov.au/employment/programs/expplus. The Experience+ website contains information for mature age job seekers and mature age workers, and includes free career advice and a résumé appraisal service. A Job Bonus is available to employers who recruit an eligible mature age job seeker from 1 July 2012. For further assistance call 13 17 64.

Parents and carersAs a parent or carer, you may have additional responsibilities and needs that affect your ability to secure employment. Working one-on-one with your local Job Services Australia provider, the services and training you receive will be

http://www.deewr.gov.au/PEA

http://www.deewr.gov.au/Indigenous/Employment/Pages/default.aspx

http://www.fiftythousandjobs.org.au

http://www.deewr.gov.au/

http://www.humanservices.gov.au

http://www.deewr.gov.au/jsa

http://www.deewr.gov.au/employment/programs/expplus



Disability Employment ServicesDisability Employment Services provide specialist help for job seekers with disability, injury or health conditions. Disability Employment Services providers are organisations contracted by the Australian Government in more than 1900 sites across Australia. They provide a wide range of services and support to help you fi nd and maintain sustainable employment.

For more information, visit JobAccess at www.jobaccess.gov.au. This is a one-stop information shop providing help for employers, employees, job seekers and service providers for the employment of people with disability. JobAccess advisers can also be contacted on 1800 464 800.

New Enterprise Incentive SchemeStarting a new business is another employment option available to you as a job seeker. If you are considering setting up your own business, you may be eligible for the New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS), depending on your personal circumstances. NEIS can provide you with accredited small business training, business advice and mentoring, as well as ongoing income support for up to 52 weeks. For more information see www.deewr.gov.au/NEIS.

Harvest Labour ServicesHarvest Labour Services providers can help you fi nd work as a harvest labourer in rural and regional areas across Australia. Harvest work is generally available throughout the year where there are not enough local workers to harvest fruit and vegetable crops or assist wool growers.

The National Harvest Labour Information Service can also help you fi nd information about fruit and vegetable harvest jobs across Australia. See www.harvesttrail.gov.au.

Help if you have lost your jobIf you’ve recently been made redundant, you will have access to Job Services Australia, which has programs and services available to quickly reconnect you with job opportunities.

In some circumstances, the Government is able to provide labour adjustment packages to assist employees in areas where large scale closures may impact on the local labour market. Workers from eligible companies in the automotive manufacturing and the textile, clothing and footwear industry have immediate access to intensive assistance through Job Services Australia.

General Employee Entitlements and Redundancy Scheme The General Employee Entitlements and Redundancy Scheme (GEERS) may also be able to assist you if you lose your employment. GEERS is a payment scheme established to assist employees who are owed entitlements after they lose their employment due to the liquidation or bankruptcy of their employer. GEERS covers capped unpaid wages, annual and long service leave, capped payment in lieu of notice and capped redundancy pay. For more information see www.deewr.gov.au/geers.

Help available after you have a jobThe Fair Work Ombudsman (FWO) and Fair Work Australia (FWA) are the two key organisations in Australia’s workplace relations system. Each has different functions within that system.

The FWO is an independent statutory offi ce whose functions include promoting harmonious, productive and cooperative workplace relations and ensuring compliance with Commonwealth workplace laws. The FWO offers people a single point of contact to obtain accurate and timely information about

Australia’s workplace relations system, educates people working in Australia about fair work practices, rights and obligations and investigates complaints or suspected contraventions of workplace laws, awards and agreements. For more information see www.fairwork.gov.au or call 13 13 94.

FWA is the national workplace relations tribunal. It is an independent body with power to carry out a range of functions including providing a safety net of minimum conditions, including minimum wages, in awards, facilitating good faith bargaining and the making of enterprise agreements, granting remedies for unfair dismissal, regulating the taking of industrial action and resolving a range of collective and individual workplace disputes through conciliation, mediation and in some cases arbitration. For more information see www.fwa.gov.au or call 1300 799 675.

EDUCATION AND TRAININGSkills for All AustraliansThere are a number of new initiatives in education and training including a commitment between the Australian Government and the state and territory governments to provide training to anyone of working age without a Certifi cate III or higher qualifi cation. Visit www.innovation.gov.au for information about all the initiatives.

Australian ApprenticeshipsAustralian Apprenticeships are available to you if you are of working age, and do not require any entry qualifi cations. You can be a school-leaver, re-entering the workforce or simply wishing to change careers. You may even be able to start an Australian Apprenticeship while you are still at school. No matter in which industry or fi eld of work you are interested, there is likely to be an Australian Apprenticeship to meet your needs.

The Australian Government has a number of initiatives to help ease the fi nancial diffi culties of Australian Apprentices. Visit www.australianapprenticeships.gov.au.

The Australian Apprenticeships Access Program provides vulnerable job seekers who experience barriers to entering skilled employment with pre-vocational training, support and assistance. The program includes pre-vocational training linked to an Australian Apprenticeship pathway and assists participants to fi nd and keep an Australian Apprenticeship, or to enter employment or further education or training. Visit www.deewr.gov.au/AAAP.

Higher EducationIf you are planning to study at university or other approved higher education provider have a look at the new Australian Government website MyUniversity. Visit www.myuniversity.gov.au

Should you require help to fi nance your tertiary studies, visit the Australian Government’s Study Assist website at www.studyassist.gov.au. Here you will fi nd information about student loans available under the Higher Education Loan Program (HELP), in both the Higher Education and VET sectors, as well as information about Student Income Support and Australian Scholarships and Awards.

University students in receipt of Youth Allowance, Austudy or ABSTUDY may be eligible to receive an annual Student Start-Up Scholarship for each year they are studying, valued at $2050 in 2012 (two payments of $1025). If you are a student receiving Youth Allowance or ABSTUDY and you need to move away from home to study you may also be eligible for a Relocation Scholarship. Visit www.humanservices.gov.au for more information on eligibility for these scholarships.

EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATION SERVICES

http://www.deewr.gov.au/NEIS

http://www.harvesttrail.gov.au

http://www.deewr.gov.au/geers

http://www.fairwork.gov.au

http://www.fwa.gov.au

http://www.innovation.gov.au

http://www.australianapprenticeships.gov.au/

http://www.myuniversity.gov.au

http://www.studyassist.gov.au

http://www.humanservices.gov.au

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 201234 For more information see www.joboutlook.gov.au

Australian Jobs Matrix

GUIDE TO THE AUSTRALIAN JOBS MATRIX

How do I use the Matrix?After you have considered your interests and aptitudes, and have thought about how to boost your own prospects you may want to look in more detail at factors which might help with your decisions about which particular occupation or career to pursue. These can include the availability of work in your local area, pay and conditions, how hard it is to get into relevant training, future jobs growth and skill level. The links on page 43 can help you explore these factors, and the information in the Matrix can also help you identify key issues.

The information provided in the Australian Jobs Matrix is a guide, and decisions about future career choices should be based primarily on your own skills, interests and expectations.

Lifestyle factors may infl uence your choice. Some relatively low skilled occupations may have relatively high pay, but this may be to compensate for diffi cult working conditions or unsociable hours. Skilled occupations generally attract better pay and conditions

Titles in the Matrix are arranged in alphabetical order and some are duplicated to make them easier to fi nd. For example, data for Carpenters and Joiners appear also as Joiners and Carpenters. Similar occupations may also be clustered together with their titles reversed, for example Electrical Engineer will be listed under Engineer, Electrical so it is adjacent to other Engineers to help you compare similar occupations. Descriptions of the data in each column of the Matrix are provided below.

Employment and Employment ChangeThe Employment column provides information about the number of people employed in Australia in November 2011 for each occupation. It relates to total employment so it includes both full-time and part-time workers.

Employment Change shows the change in the number of people employed as well as the percentage change in employment over the fi ve years to November 2011.

Unemployment RateThe Unemployment Rate is the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force (employed plus unemployed). Unemployment is presented in fi ve categories: low, below average, average, above average and high. The categories are based on the occupation’s average unemployment rate over 2011 relative to the average across ‘all occupations’.

An occupation may have high unemployment but also be experiencing shortages for particular skills. This can occur when there is a geographic mismatch between workers with skills and employers who are seeking skills, but may also be a result of the skills held by unemployed people not matching those required by employers.

Occupational Unemployment Rates do not refl ect underutilised skills (such as an Accountant working as a Clerk, Accounting who, while not unemployed, may wish to work as an Accountant), and does not include fi rst job seekers or those who have not worked in the past two years.

GenderThis column shows the proportion of those employed in the occupation who are female. Overall, females comprise 46% of employment in Australia.

Median AgeData presented on age are the median age in years for workers in each occupation. That is, half the workers in the occupation are younger and half are older.

Full-time Employment ShareInformation provided shows the proportion of workers in the occupation who work full-time. The information is based on the ABS defi nition of full-time, which is workers who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

EarningsData on weekly earnings are before tax earnings for full-time employees, and are obtained from the ABS publication Employee Earnings, Benefi ts and Trade Union Membership (Cat. no. 6310.0) 2010. They are based on median weekly earnings and are arranged in fi ve categories.

The median earnings ranges are for all ages and levels of experience, so they are indicative only and cannot be used to determine what a worker will actually earn in a particular job.

Median Weekly Earnings—ranges

$ ≤ $800

$$ $801-950$$$ $951-1150$$$$ $1151-1400$$$$$ ≥ $1401

Future Employment ChangeDEEWR’s employment growth projections are based on: occupational employment forecasts by the Centre of Policy Studies, Monash University; recent employment growth; future and actual industry employment growth and; qualitative information on occupational developments.

Future Employment Change (%), 5 years to 2016–17

< -1.0

.≥ -1.0 to 5.0 > 5.0 to 8.5 > 8.5 to 11.0 > 11.0

Job OpeningsJob Openings counts both the number of new jobs expected to be created over the next fi ve years and the number of openings likely due to job turnover (workers leaving their occupation group for other employment or leaving the workforce). Job Openings estimates are indicative only and are included to provide a guide to the number of opportunities likely to be available over the next fi ve years. Turnover rates vary over time and are estimated from aggregated data (and some data have been imputed).

It is vital to note that these estimates do not provide any guidance about how many people are looking for opportunities in each occupation. Although there may be large numbers of Job Openings, there may be even larger numbers of job applicants, and small occupations where there are inadequate numbers of qualifi ed people may offer better prospects for suitably skilled applicants. Information about job prospects is included on page 29.

Job Openings (‘000), 5 years to 2016–17

q < 5000

qq 5000 to <10 000

qqq 10 000 to <25 000

qqqq 25 000 to <50 000qqqqq ≥50 000

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2012 35For more information see www.joboutlook.gov.au


OccupationEmploy’t Nov 2011

Employ’t Change 5

Years to Nov 2011

Unemp 2011

Gender Females

Median Age

F-T Share of Employ’t

Median Earnings

Future Employ’t Change

Future Job

Openings‘000 ‘000 % % years %

AAccountants 158.1 10.3 6.9 below avg 49 37 84 $$$$ qqqqqActors, Dancers and Other Entertainers 7.0 2.1 41.6 high 50 28 37 - qqActuaries, Mathematicians and Statisticians 6.2 0.4 6.1 low 40 35 84 $$$$ qAdvertising and Marketing Professionals 46.0 2.3 5.4 avg 59 34 84 $$$$ qqqqAgricultural, Forestry & Horticultural Operators 18.1 4.9 37.3 high 5 39 87 $$ qqqAgricultural Technicians 0.5 -1.6 -74.4 low 17 45 74 $$$$ qAirconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics 20.7 1.6 8.2 avg 1 30 93 $$$ qqqAircraft Maintenance Engineers 12.4 1.9 18.0 low 7 40 97 $$$$ qqAir Transport Professionals 13.2 4.5 52.4 low 7 39 84 $$$$$ qqqAmbulance Offi cers and Paramedics 16.0 5.4 50.5 low 31 40 92 $$$$$ qqqAnaesthetists 3.0 -0.1 -2.9 low 33 45 93 $$$$$ qAnimal Attendants and Trainers 15.0 0.1 0.6 below avg 68 38 61 $$$ qqAquaculture Workers 1.2 0.7 - high 0 36 81 $ qArchitects and Landscape Architects 18.4 -1.7 -8.6 below avg 27 38 83 $$$$ qqqArchitectural, Building & Surveying Technicians 53.9 0.1 0.3 avg 8 42 92 $$$$ qqqqArchivists, Curators and Records Managers 4.6 0.5 11.3 below avg 68 45 76 $$$ qAuctioneers and Stock and Station Agents 3.4 -2.1 -38.2 low 8 43 76 $$$$$ qAudiologists and Speech Pathologists 9.2 4.7 103.6 low 91 37 64 $$$$$ qAuditors and Company Secretaries 17.8 2.7 17.7 avg 41 38 93 $$$$$ qqqAuthors, and Book and Script Editors 1.7 -3.1 -64.6 below avg 74 48 45 $$$ qAutomotive Electricians 10.3 3.8 57.4 avg - 28 91 $$$ q

BBakers and Pastrycooks 30.1 7.5 33.2 above avg 26 37 79 $ qqqBank Workers 55.3 -1.7 -3.0 avg 76 37 69 $$ qqqBar Attendants and Baristas 91.3 23.3 34.3 high 55 24 35 $ qqqqqBarristers 7.6 3.3 76.0 low 18 53 85 $$$$ qBeauty Therapists 22.1 3.0 15.8 avg 97 31 61 $ qqqBinders, Finishers and Screen Printers 3.9 -1.5 -28.1 avg 19 47 75 $ qBoat Builders and Shipwrights 5.5 -0.7 -10.8 below avg - 33 98 $$$ qBookkeepers 117.5 -16.4 -12.2 below avg 93 45 28 $$ qqqqqBricklayers and Stonemasons 31.4 1.8 6.0 above avg 1 37 92 $$ qqqButchers and Smallgoods Makers 26.8 7.1 36.2 avg 3 38 92 $$ qqq

CCabinetmakers 30.8 6.0 24.2 avg 1 33 93 $ qCafe Workers 17.1 1.1 6.9 high 81 28 28 $ qqqqCall or Contact Centre Workers 36.9 6.5 21.4 high 71 31 71 $$ qqqqCanvas and Leather Goods Makers 2.7 -0.5 -16.1 low 27 47 74 - qCar Detailers 18.4 4.0 27.4 high 11 36 71 $ qqqCare Workers, Personal and Nursing Support 82.1 9.5 13.2 avg 79 44 44 $ qqqqqCare Workers, Special 1.7 -0.6 -26.8 high 86 36 53 $$ qCarers, Aged and Disabled 116.8 32.3 38.2 avg 80 47 36 $ qqqqqCarers, Child 115.1 18.2 18.8 avg 96 31 45 $ qqqqqCaretakers 4.4 -1.8 -28.4 low 8 53 64 $$ qCarpenters and Joiners 129.4 17.9 16.0 avg 1 31 94 $$ qqqqqCartographers and Surveyors 13.7 1.6 13.3 below avg 14 38 90 $$$$ qqCheckout Operators and Offi ce Cashiers 136.3 13.8 11.3 above avg 77 20 20 $ qqqqqChefs 75.5 18.4 32.3 above avg 19 33 78 $$ qqqqqChemists, and Food and Wine Scientists 8.0 -1.1 -12.2 below avg 26 43 93 $$$$ qChiropractors and Osteopaths 3.2 -0.1 -3.1 low 27 35 79 - qCleaners, Commercial 161.6 18.2 12.7 high 58 47 37 $ qqqqqCleaners, Domestic 32.1 6.8 27.1 avg 79 47 16 $ qqqCleaners, Other 9.4 -8.2 -46.6 avg 13 47 68 $ qClerical and Offi ce Support Workers, Other 16.5 4.0 31.5 high 56 44 58 $ qqqClerks, Accounting 147.7 32.3 27.9 below avg 82 42 64 $$ qqqqqClerks, Betting 2.9 -1.3 -30.3 avg 64 45 41 - qClerks, Court and Legal 14.2 2.7 23.8 above avg 68 35 59 $$ qq

For the key to symbols see page 34




Employ’t Change 5

Years to Nov 2011

Unemp 2011

Gender Females

Median Age


Median Earnings


Future Job


Clerks, Filing and Registry 20.1 0.3 1.3 above avg 80 36 59 $$ qqqClerks, General 187.2 64.7 52.8 avg 84 42 62 $$ qqqqqClerks, Human Resource 11.0 0.3 2.4 low 77 40 77 $$$ qqClerks, Inquiry 70.2 -0.5 -0.7 high 70 37 73 $$ qqqqqClerks, Insurance, Money Market and Statistical 34.6 6.8 24.6 below avg 66 37 82 $$$ qqqClerks, Payroll 37.7 7.3 24.0 low 86 41 67 $$$ qqqClerks, Purchasing and Supply Logistics 87.8 6.3 7.7 avg 43 39 87 $$ qqqqqClerks, Transport and Despatch 36.9 5.9 19.0 avg 39 40 89 $$$$ qqqqClothing Trades Workers 11.8 0.6 5.2 below avg 82 48 52 $ qCommissioned Offi cers (Management) 1.4 -1.0 -40.2 low 0 48 100 $$$$$ qComplementary Health Therapists 7.6 1.6 27.6 below avg 74 44 38 $$ qComputer Network Professionals 25.9 5.9 29.5 avg 7 37 93 $$$$$ qqqConcreters 43.4 3.6 9.1 above avg - 34 88 $$$ qqqqConference and Event Organisers 25.2 3.4 15.5 above avg 72 33 79 $$$ qqqContract, Program and Project Administrators 101.1 25.4 33.5 below avg 55 41 85 $$$$ qqqqqConveyancers and Legal Executives 8.8 -1.1 -11.0 above avg 75 31 69 $$ qqCooks 38.6 -1.7 -4.2 high 66 39 54 $ qqqqCounsellors 13.9 -1.2 -7.7 high 80 47 65 $$$ qqCouriers and Postal Deliverers 47.1 1.9 4.2 avg 20 47 75 $$ qqqqCrane, Hoist and Lift Operators 13.1 2.8 27.3 below avg 2 43 95 $$$$ qqCredit and Loans Offi cers 23.8 -6.0 -20.3 avg 50 36 88 $$$ qq

DDancers, Actors and Other Entertainers 7.0 2.1 41.6 high 50 28 37 - qqDebt Collectors 10.5 -0.6 -5.0 below avg 61 34 74 $$ qqDeck and Fishing Hands 7.9 3.0 60.5 high 9 48 83 $$$$$ qqDental Assistants 20.9 3.0 16.4 avg 99 34 45 $ qqqDental Hygienists, Technicians and Therapists 5.8 -1.8 -23.4 avg 53 36 72 $$$ qDental Practitioners 16.7 4.6 38.1 low 37 42 80 $$$$$ qqDietitians 4.6 1.1 31.3 low 100 32 79 $$$ qDirectors, Artistic, and Media Producers & Presenters 12.4 1.0 8.7 above avg 45 39 67 $$$$$ qqDirectors (Film, Television, Radio and Stage) 7.9 0.2 2.9 avg 25 38 84 $$$$ qDiversional Therapists 6.3 2.4 63.1 low 89 49 41 $ qDrillers, Miners and Shot Firers 56.8 21.2 59.6 avg 3 38 99 $$$$$ qqqqqDrivers, Automobile 46.4 11.4 32.6 below avg 7 47 67 $ qqqDrivers, Bus and Coach 40.9 7.8 23.4 avg 18 54 68 $$$$ qqqDrivers, Delivery 51.1 12.6 32.8 above avg 10 40 57 $$ qqqqDrivers, Forklift 60.1 9.5 18.9 high 3 39 92 $$ qqqqDrivers, Train and Tram 11.9 3.9 49.3 low 6 48 99 $$$$$ qqDrivers, Truck 184.8 21.9 13.5 avg 2 46 93 $$$ qqqqqDriving Instructors 4.4 0.1 2.3 low 21 47 40 - q

EEconomists 5.2 2.0 62.5 low 25 36 80 $$$$$ qEconomists, Land and Valuers 9.9 -3.7 -27.2 low 17 46 83 $$$ qqEducation Advisers and Reviewers 13.5 4.8 55.8 low 70 47 74 $$$$ qqEducation Aides 80.4 19.8 32.7 avg 92 46 20 $ qqqqqElectrical Distribution Trades Workers 8.9 0.4 4.8 low - 43 98 $$$$$ qqElectricians 139.2 24.7 21.6 below avg 1 32 94 $$$$ qqqqqElectronics Trades Workers 37.0 -3.7 -9.1 avg 5 38 86 $$$ qqqEngineering and Building Technicians, Other 21.6 7.4 52.4 avg 14 41 97 $$$$$ qqqEngineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Civil 8.7 -0.6 -6.0 low 12 42 90 $$$$ qqEngineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Electrical 9.6 2.2 30.7 below avg 14 44 91 $$$$$ qqEngineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Electronic 4.3 -2.7 -39.0 low 0 38 95 $$$$ qEngineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Mechanical 4.7 -1.4 -22.4 low 10 48 94 $$$$$ qEngineering Production Systems Workers 26.2 -6.6 -20.0 avg 4 41 95 $$$ qqEngineering Professionals, Civil 47.9 10.0 26.4 below avg 10 39 94 $$$$$ qqqEngineering Professionals, Other 7.1 -0.1 -1.4 avg 14 43 82 $$$$$ qEngineering Professionals, Telecommunications 8.6 -0.6 -6.0 above avg 17 38 96 $$$$$ q





Employ’t Change 5

Years to Nov 2011

Unemp 2011

Gender Females

Median Age


Median Earnings


Future Job


Engineers, Chemical and Materials 7.8 3.3 75.7 low 17 34 98 $$$$$ qEngineers, Electrical 19.1 5.2 37.7 low 1 43 97 $$$$$ qqEngineers, Electronics 7.7 1.8 30.6 below avg - 41 87 $$$$ qEngineers, ICT Support and Test 6.1 2.0 50.2 low 14 36 94 $$$$$ qEngineers, Industrial, Mechanical and Production 32.6 10.2 45.5 low 2 39 93 $$$$$ qqqEngineers, Mining 8.2 2.6 46.4 low 5 40 93 $$$$$ qEnvironmental & Occupational Health Professionals 24.5 9.8 67.3 below avg 35 44 90 $$$$ qqqEvent and Conference Organisers 25.2 3.4 15.5 above avg 72 33 79 $$$ qqq

FFactory Process Workers, Other 9.8 -0.5 -4.9 high 30 40 74 $ qqFactory Workers, Food and Drink 27.0 -1.8 -6.2 high 21 41 85 $$ qqqFactory Workers, Plastics and Rubber 3.1 -3.3 -51.7 high 22 37 87 $ qFarm, Forestry and Garden Workers, Other 13.2 2.7 26.2 avg 8 41 84 $$ qqqFarm Workers, Crop 21.8 -12.0 -35.4 high 34 42 56 $ qqqFarm Workers, Livestock 37.0 6.6 21.6 high 32 32 62 $ qqqqFarm Workers, Mixed Crop and Livestock 4.3 -1.1 -20.9 avg 15 28 73 $ qFarmers, Aquaculture 1.9 0.7 - low 0 46 90 - qFarmers, Crop 48.0 -6.8 -12.4 low 19 50 81 $$ qFarmers, Livestock 83.8 -9.3 -10.0 low 30 54 79 $$ qqFarmers, Mixed Crop and Livestock 30.6 -12.8 -29.4 low 21 53 82 $ qFashion, Industrial and Jewellery Designers 12.2 2.6 27.0 below avg 58 33 80 $$$$ qqFast Food Cooks 30.6 5.0 19.7 high 38 18 17 $ qqqqFencers 15.2 4.2 37.7 high 2 41 82 $ qqqFinancial Brokers 25.0 -0.1 -0.5 below avg 38 44 88 $$$$ qqqFinancial Dealers 15.9 -9.5 -37.4 below avg 20 38 86 $$$$$ qqFinancial Investment Advisers and Managers 45.9 6.6 16.9 below avg 27 42 85 $$$$ qqqFire and Emergency Workers 16.5 3.5 27.5 below avg 6 43 97 $$$$ qFitness Instructors 25.1 6.0 31.1 below avg 54 31 31 $ qqqFloor Finishers 10.3 -1.2 -10.4 low - 35 81 $ qqFlorists 8.1 3.0 58.0 high 96 44 35 $ qqFood Trades Assistants 5.0 0.1 2.1 above avg 58 26 42 $ qqForestry and Logging Workers 2.7 -1.0 -26.1 high - 35 98 $ qFreight and Furniture Handlers 13.9 1.8 15.2 above avg 2 33 72 $ qqqFuneral Workers 3.1 -0.2 -5.6 avg 36 47 86 $$$ q

GGallery, Library and Museum Technicians 5.4 -3.7 -41.0 low 85 50 57 $$$ qGaming Workers 3.4 -2.9 -46.3 above avg 39 33 77 $$$ qqGardeners 60.4 -1.6 -2.7 below avg 10 39 72 $$ qqqqqGeologists and Geophysicists 11.1 1.7 18.3 low 19 38 90 $$$$$ qGlaziers 11.2 2.4 27.3 above avg - 35 93 $$ qqGraphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators 45.5 4.7 11.6 avg 47 33 77 $$$ qqqqGraphic Pre-press Trades Workers 3.2 -0.3 -9.7 high 31 41 88 $$$ qGreenkeepers 20.8 4.0 23.5 avg - 44 79 $$ qqqGuides, Gallery, Museum and Tour 6.0 -0.4 -5.9 below avg 50 41 44 $ qGuides, Outdoor Adventure 2.8 1.7 - below avg 33 36 85 $$$$$ q

HHairdressers 55.2 -1.8 -3.1 below avg 85 32 60 $ qqqqqHandypersons 44.9 1.4 3.3 avg 5 50 67 $$ qqqqHealth Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals, Other 8.0 3.0 60.4 below avg 79 44 73 $$$$$ qqHotel Service Managers 5.7 -1.1 -15.9 below avg 67 35 80 $$ qqHousekeepers 28.7 2.6 10.1 high 88 42 36 $ qqqHuman Resource Professionals 61.2 12.4 25.4 avg 67 34 88 $$$ qqqq

IICT Business and Systems Analysts 32.6 9.5 41.2 below avg 24 39 92 $$$$$ qqqICT Sales Professionals 13.3 2.2 20.3 below avg 27 37 94 $$$$ qqqICT Security and Database & Systems Administrators 37.2 4.8 15.0 avg 23 40 91 $$$$ qqqICT Support and Test Engineers 6.1 2.0 50.2 low 14 36 94 $$$$$ q





Employ’t Change 5

Years to Nov 2011

Unemp 2011

Gender Females

Median Age


Median Earnings


Future Job


ICT Support Technicians 58.0 12.4 27.2 avg 19 34 92 $$$$ qqqqICT Trainers 6.4 1.5 29.7 low 56 40 68 $$$ qImporters, Exporters and Wholesalers 18.2 -2.1 -10.3 below avg 19 48 82 $$$ qqIndigenous Health Workers 1.0 -0.5 - low 60 50 58 - qIndustrial Spraypainters 8.7 2.4 37.6 avg 0 37 96 $$ qInformation and Organisation Professionals, Other 16.7 4.9 40.9 low 57 41 80 $$$$ qqqInspectors and Regulatory Offi cers 36.5 3.8 11.7 below avg 44 41 86 $$$ qqqqInsulation and Home Improvement Installers 15.1 -3.9 -20.6 high 1 40 83 $$$ qqqInsurance Agents 10.6 -2.1 -16.6 high 47 35 82 $$ qqqInsurance Investigators and Loss Adjusters 4.6 -0.8 -14.2 below avg 35 37 87 $$$ qIntelligence and Policy Analysts 25.6 11.7 84.3 below avg 65 35 84 $$$$$ qqqInterior Designers 13.2 6.2 89.3 low 67 36 75 $$$$ qqInternal Medicine Specialists 6.6 3.7 124.1 low 43 45 87 $$$$$ q

JJewellers 6.2 1.2 24.9 low 32 48 67 $$ qJoiners and Carpenters 129.4 17.9 16.0 avg 1 31 94 $$ qqqqqJournalists and Other Writers 21.4 -1.8 -7.9 above avg 48 39 75 $$$ qqq

KKeyboard Operators 75.9 -20.8 -21.5 avg 84 40 55 $$ qqqqKitchenhands 116.6 2.3 2.0 high 59 24 22 $ qqqqq

LLabourers, Building and Plumbing 49.0 -4.5 -8.4 high 2 32 84 $$$ qqqqqLabourers, Garden and Nursery 35.3 -7.4 -17.3 high 20 40 57 $ qqqLabourers, Other Construction and Mining 9.3 2.3 32.8 high 6 31 98 $$$ qqqLabourers, Paving and Surfacing 8.8 1.9 27.8 avg - 37 97 $$ qqLandscape Architects and Architects 18.4 -1.7 -8.6 below avg 27 38 83 $$$$ qqqLaundry Workers 14.3 0.6 4.2 high 75 48 55 $ qqLeather and Canvass Goods Makers 2.7 -0.5 -16.1 low 27 47 74 - qLegal Executives and Conveyancers 8.8 -1.1 -11.0 above avg 75 31 69 $$ qqLibrarians 9.4 -2.4 -20.6 avg 84 51 66 $$$ qqLibrary Assistants 6.8 -1.7 -20.3 below avg 91 44 32 $ q

MMachine Operators, Clay Concrete, Glass & Stone 2.8 -2.1 -42.3 high 7 40 89 $ qMachine Operators, Other 13.7 2.0 16.9 above avg 37 43 77 $$ qMachine Operators, Paper and Wood Processing 6.5 -4.7 -42.2 below avg - 44 98 $$ qMachine Operators, Plastics and Rubber Production 13.9 2.0 17.1 above avg 11 39 97 $$$ qMachine Operators, Textile and Footwear Production 2.8 -1.7 -38.2 high 40 38 84 $$ qMail Sorters 12.3 -4.3 -25.8 high 51 47 65 $$ qqManagement and Organisation Analysts 38.8 -0.3 -0.9 above avg 38 43 83 $$$$$ qqqqManagers, Advertising and Sales 135.9 34.9 34.5 below avg 34 40 92 $$$$$ qqqqqManagers, Amusement, Fitness and Sports Centre 7.3 0.0 0.3 below avg 40 37 77 $$ qManagers, Café and Restaurant 60.7 9.1 17.5 avg 55 42 79 $$ qqqqManagers, Call, Contact Centre and Customer Service 41.6 -0.2 -0.4 below avg 37 41 92 $$$ qqqqManagers, Caravan Park and Camping Ground 4.1 -1.3 -24.3 high 47 60 86 $$$$ qManagers, Child Care Centre 12.9 5.6 76.0 low 92 37 74 $$$ qqManagers, Construction 80.5 16.6 25.9 low 5 43 93 $$$$$ qqqqManagers, Corporate Services 10.9 -1.8 -13.8 low 61 45 87 $$$ qManagers, Engineering 13.1 -1.8 -12.0 below avg 4 46 97 $$$$$ qqManagers, Finance 55.4 4.2 8.2 low 43 44 88 $$$$$ qqqqManagers, General 51.2 8.1 18.9 below avg 28 47 93 $$$$$ qqqManagers, Health and Welfare Services 18.4 7.8 74.2 below avg 74 47 87 $$$$ qqqManagers, Hotel and Motel 20.6 -3.2 -13.6 avg 43 42 94 $$ qqManagers, Human Resource 47.4 8.6 22.1 avg 56 41 93 $$$$$ qqqqManagers, ICT 44.7 1.6 3.7 below avg 21 41 95 $$$$$ qqqqManagers, Licensed Club 9.5 2.3 31.4 low 43 43 77 $$$ qqManagers, Nursing 11.3 -2.0 -14.8 low 89 49 73 $$$$$ q





Employ’t Change 5

Years to Nov 2011

Unemp 2011

Gender Females

Median Age


Median Earnings


Future Job


Managers, Offi ce 155.9 0.0 0.0 below avg 83 45 67 $$$ qqqqqManagers, Other Accommodation and Hospitality 5.4 -3.4 -38.4 avg 53 50 64 $$ qManagers, Other Education 8.6 0.1 1.0 avg 67 48 88 $$$$$ qManagers, Other Hospitality, Retail and Service 64.7 14.8 29.7 below avg 37 44 88 $$$$ qqqqManagers, Other Specialist 47.6 13.5 39.4 below avg 34 44 94 $$$$$ qqqqManagers, Policy and Planning 25.9 8.3 47.3 low 54 45 89 $$$$$ qqqManagers, Practice 19.3 6.0 44.6 low 90 44 64 $$$ qqqManagers, Production 53.8 2.7 5.2 below avg 15 44 98 $$$$ qqqManagers, Research and Development 7.6 -2.1 -21.5 low 31 45 89 $$$$$ qManagers, Retail 240.9 21.1 9.6 below avg 46 40 87 $$ qqqqqManagers, Supply and Distribution 35.3 8.2 30.0 avg 16 44 97 $$$$ qqqManagers, Transport Services 17.7 0.9 5.4 below avg 15 48 89 $$$$ qqqManaging Directors and Chief Executives 65.2 20.1 44.7 low 18 51 90 $$$$$ qqqqManufacturers 23.0 -1.5 -6.1 low 19 50 83 $$$ qqMarine Transport Professionals 9.0 0.7 8.5 high 6 45 82 $$$$$ qqMassage Therapists 15.2 6.8 82.0 low 72 43 42 - qqqMathematicians, Statisticians and Actuaries 6.2 0.4 6.1 low 40 35 84 $$$$ qMeat Boners and Slicers, and Slaughterers 10.7 -5.4 -33.5 avg 10 32 91 $$ qqMedia Producers & Presenters, and Artistic Directors 12.4 1.0 8.7 above avg 45 39 67 $$$$$ qqMedical Imaging Professionals 22.0 10.0 83.0 low 67 33 76 $$$$$ qqqMedical Practitioners, General 52.3 13.8 35.8 low 43 42 81 $$$$$ qqqqMedical Practitioners, Other 11.0 5.2 91.2 below avg 47 39 88 $$$$$ qqMedical Technicians 28.1 5.3 23.0 below avg 77 42 60 $$ qqqMetal Casting, Forging & Finishing Trades 1.2 -1.8 -59.4 low - 44 82 $$$$ qMetal Fitters and Machinists 113.6 15.9 16.3 avg 0 39 96 $$$$ qqqqqMetal Trades Workers, Precision 7.5 -2.2 -22.6 low 9 37 91 $$ qMidwives 15.2 0.5 3.3 low 100 44 53 $$$$ qqMiners, Drillers and Shot Firers 56.8 21.2 59.6 avg 3 38 99 $$$$$ qqqqqMinisters of Religion 11.3 -5.8 -34.0 below avg 27 53 74 $$$ qModels and Sales Demonstrators 9.4 0.9 10.5 below avg 85 45 24 $ qMotor Mechanics 95.9 2.8 3.1 below avg 1 35 93 $$ qqqqMotor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitters 18.1 4.7 35.2 avg - 34 93 $ qqqMultimedia Specialists and Web Developers 7.4 4.2 132.2 avg 11 31 88 $$$ qMusic Professionals 11.9 2.8 30.9 avg 32 40 42 $$$$$ qq

NNurse Educators and Researchers 7.1 3.9 122.7 low 76 45 73 $$$$$ qNurse Managers 11.3 -2.0 -14.8 low 89 49 73 $$$$$ qNurses, Enrolled and Mothercraft 27.5 -0.8 -2.7 below avg 96 47 47 $$ qqqNurses, Registered 228.0 49.0 27.4 low 91 44 55 $$$ qqqqqNurserypersons 4.1 -2.0 -33.4 low 31 39 68 $$ qNursing Support and Personal Care Workers 82.1 9.5 13.2 avg 79 44 44 $ qqqqq

OOccupational & Environmental Health Professionals 24.5 9.8 67.3 below avg 35 44 90 $$$$ qqqOccupational Therapists 11.2 4.1 58.7 low 93 32 69 $$$$ qqOptometrists and Orthoptists 4.9 -1.0 -17.7 low 50 37 84 - qOsteopaths and Chiropractors 3.2 -0.1 -3.1 low 27 35 79 - q

PPackers 62.7 -6.3 -9.1 high 55 35 64 $ qqqqqPainting Trades Workers 42.9 -4.3 -9.1 avg 2 39 88 $ qqqqPanelbeaters 14.3 -2.7 -15.7 avg - 38 94 $ qParamedics and Ambulance Offi cers 16.0 5.4 50.5 low 31 40 92 $$$$$ qqqPastrycooks and Bakers 30.1 7.5 33.2 above avg 26 37 79 $ qqqPerforming Arts Technicians 11.4 -1.0 -8.3 high 29 37 60 $$ qqPersonal Assistants 58.7 -0.1 -0.2 below avg 98 38 78 $$$ qqqqPersonal Care Consultants 6.2 2.8 80.9 low 76 53 28 - qqPersonal Service Workers, Other 18.9 12.3 186.4 avg 64 41 46 $$ qqqPharmacists 21.1 4.9 30.6 low 58 31 71 $$$$ qqq





Employ’t Change 5

Years to Nov 2011

Unemp 2011

Gender Females

Median Age


Median Earnings


Future Job


Photographers 10.2 -0.9 -7.7 high 37 38 70 $$$ qqPhotographic Developers and Printers 2.2 -1.7 -43.4 low 70 25 46 - qPhysiotherapists 16.7 2.8 20.2 below avg 76 37 66 $$$$ qqPlanners, Urban and Regional 10.4 0.2 1.7 low 39 36 89 $$$ qqPlant Operators, Chemical, Gas, Petroleum and Power 9.1 1.3 16.0 avg - 43 98 $$$$$ qqPlant Operators, Earthmoving 54.3 3.7 7.3 avg 2 45 93 $$$ qqqqPlant Operators, Other Mobile 9.6 -0.1 -1.3 avg 8 43 90 $$$ qqPlant Operators, Other Stationary 15.0 -3.3 -18.1 above avg 7 45 97 $$$ qqqPlasterers 38.9 4.8 14.1 above avg 2 33 88 $$$ qqqPlumbers 81.1 7.9 10.8 below avg 0 33 94 $$$ qqqqPodiatrists 5.2 2.5 89.0 low 75 31 66 - qPolice 48.0 -4.5 -8.6 low 24 38 97 $$$$$ qqPolicy and Intelligence Analysts 25.6 11.7 84.3 below avg 65 35 84 $$$$$ qqqPostal Deliverers and Couriers 47.1 1.9 4.2 avg 20 47 75 $$ qqqqPrimary Products Inspectors 5.0 -1.2 -19.8 low 38 43 85 $$$ qPrinters 13.1 -5.7 -30.4 avg 8 40 89 $$ qqPrinters and Photographic Developers 2.2 -1.7 -43.4 low 70 25 46 - qPrinting Assistants and Table Workers 4.2 -3.5 -45.3 high 46 50 65 $ qPrison Offi cers 14.8 3.1 26.8 low 18 46 97 $$$$ qqqProcess Workers, Meat, Poultry and Seafood 16.3 2.3 16.1 high 24 31 83 $ qqqProcess Workers, Metal Engineering 17.2 -2.0 -10.2 high 5 43 93 $ qqqProcess Workers, Timber and Wood 8.3 0.9 12.3 high 10 35 89 $ qqProduct Assemblers 28.1 -13.6 -32.6 high 32 40 88 $ qqqProduct Quality Controllers 11.6 -4.1 -26.2 high 39 45 89 $$$ qqPsychiatrists 2.1 0.6 - low 40 55 57 - qPsychologists 21.9 6.5 42.5 below avg 76 43 61 $$$$ qqqPublic Relations Professionals 25.7 6.9 36.8 avg 70 36 76 $$$$ qqq

RRailway Track Workers 6.0 2.3 60.5 high 4 41 96 $$$ qqReal Estate Sales Agents 74.0 2.2 3.1 avg 43 43 83 $$$ qqqqReceptionists 181.9 16.5 10.0 avg 95 38 51 $ qqqqqRecycling and Rubbish Collectors 3.8 0.7 23.4 low 0 49 69 $ qRetail and Wool Buyers 6.9 1.9 39.3 low 50 34 82 $$$$ qqRetail Supervisors 31.1 -1.0 -3.0 avg 57 31 74 $$ qqqq

SSafety Inspectors 5.3 -3.5 -39.9 low 12 51 95 $$$$ qSales Assistants (General) 499.0 32.6 7.0 high 68 24 30 $ qqqqqSales Assistants and Salespersons, Other 11.8 5.3 80.8 above avg 34 38 57 $$ qqqSales Assistants, ICT 19.7 3.8 23.5 above avg 40 28 76 $$ qqqSales Assistants, Pharmacy 34.6 3.3 10.6 avg 92 24 29 $ qqqqSales Professionals, ICT 13.3 2.2 20.3 below avg 27 37 94 $$$$ qqqSales Representatives 101.5 1.1 1.1 avg 39 40 86 $$$ qqqqqSales Representatives, Technical 35.8 11.9 49.8 low 30 40 93 $$$$ qqqqSales Support Workers, Other 1.8 -0.8 -31.0 low 50 40 53 $ qSalespersons, Motor Vehicle and Vehicle Parts 33.1 -3.5 -9.6 avg 16 37 89 $$ qqqqSalespersons, Street Vendors and Related 9.2 -2.3 -20.3 high 56 49 43 $$$ qqSalespersons, Ticket 19.3 3.9 25.3 avg 71 31 47 $$ qqqSchool Principals 19.9 5.3 36.1 low 55 50 99 $$$$$ qqqScience Professionals, Other Natural and Physical 9.8 6.2 172.3 low 30 45 85 $$$$$ qScience Technicians 20.5 3.1 17.6 avg 44 38 72 $$$$ qqqScientists, Agricultural and Forestry 9.5 1.1 13.6 low 19 44 84 $$$$ qScientists, Environmental 23.2 8.9 62.1 below avg 39 38 84 $$$ qqScientists, Food and Wine, and Chemists 8.0 -1.1 -12.2 below avg 26 43 93 $$$$ qScientists, Life 6.6 -3.9 -37.3 low 44 38 86 $$$$ qScientists, Medical Laboratory 19.9 0.8 4.4 below avg 70 36 81 $$$$ qqScreen Printers and Binders & Finishers 3.9 -1.5 -28.1 avg 19 47 75 $ qSecretaries 76.0 -31.0 -29.0 below avg 97 46 50 $$ qqqq





Employ’t Change 5

Years to Nov 2011

Unemp 2011

Gender Females

Median Age


Median Earnings


Future Job


Security Offi cers and Guards 55.2 4.7 9.3 avg 14 39 71 $$$ qqqq

Service Station Attendants 11.1 2.7 31.7 high 26 28 32 $ qqq

Sewing Machinists 10.8 -3.2 -22.8 avg 88 47 72 $ q

Shearers 3.0 -1.7 -35.9 low 0 45 90 $$$ q

Sheetmetal Trades Workers 9.3 3.0 47.1 low - 37 97 $$$ q

Shelf Fillers 54.7 -35.0 -39.1 above avg 42 24 24 $ qqqqq

Signwriters 6.1 0.5 8.7 high 14 33 92 $$ q

Social Professionals 8.8 2.2 32.6 avg 63 47 50 $$ qq

Social Workers 22.2 7.9 55.2 below avg 79 41 61 $$$ qqq

Software and Applications Programmers 85.5 16.7 24.2 below avg 15 36 93 $$$$$ qqqq

Solicitors 53.5 7.6 16.7 below avg 47 38 85 $$$$$ qqq

Speech Professionals and Audiologists 9.2 4.7 103.6 low 91 37 64 $$$$$ q

Sports Coaches, Instructors and Offi cials 41.1 13.6 49.7 avg 48 25 28 $$$ qqqq

Sportspersons 10.1 2.2 27.2 above avg 18 22 48 $$$ qq

Stonemasons and Bricklayers 31.4 1.8 6.0 above avg 1 37 92 $$ qqq

Storepersons 125.3 11.2 9.8 high 20 38 81 $$ qqqqq

Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers 79.9 -0.2 -0.3 avg 2 37 96 $$$ qqqq

Structural Steel Construction Workers 23.9 4.4 22.8 high 1 35 94 $$$$ qqqq

Surgeons 5.6 2.0 56.9 low 26 39 79 $$$$$ q

Survey Interviewers 5.5 2.2 66.2 avg 50 41 20 - q

Surveyors and Cartographers 13.7 1.6 13.3 below avg 14 38 90 $$$$ qq

Switchboard Operators 7.1 0.0 -0.4 low 84 45 57 $ q

TTeachers, Early Childhood (Pre-primary School) 20.3 0.4 2.2 low 96 42 63 $$ qq

Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages 7.0 1.4 24.8 high 73 44 52 $$$ q

Teachers, Middle School 0.9 0.2 - low 50 43 93 $$$$$ q

Teachers, Primary School 146.3 3.8 2.7 low 85 41 68 $$$$ qqqqq

Teachers, Secondary School 117.6 -9.9 -7.8 below avg 59 43 79 $$$$ qqqq

Teachers, Special Education 19.5 5.5 39.1 below avg 87 45 56 $$$$ qq

Teachers, Vocational Education 36.2 2.6 7.8 below avg 49 49 64 $$$$ qqq

Technicians, Agricultural 0.5 -1.6 -74.4 low 17 45 74 $$$$ q

Technicians and Draftspersons, Civil Engineering 8.7 -0.6 -6.0 low 12 42 90 $$$$ qq

Technicians and Draftspersons, Electrical Engineering 9.6 2.2 30.7 below avg 14 44 91 $$$$$ qq

Technicians and Draftspersons, Electronic Engineering 4.3 -2.7 -39.0 low 0 38 95 $$$$ q

Technicians and Draftspersons, Mechanical Engineering 4.7 -1.4 -22.4 low 10 48 94 $$$$$ q

Technicians, Architectural, Building and Surveying 53.9 0.1 0.3 avg 8 42 92 $$$$ qqqq

Technicians, Gallery, Library and Museum 5.4 -3.7 -41.0 low 85 50 57 $$$ q

Technicians, ICT Support 58.0 12.4 27.2 avg 19 34 92 $$$$ qqqq

Technicians, Medical 28.1 5.3 23.0 below avg 77 42 60 $$ qqq

Technicians, Other Building and Engineering 21.6 7.4 52.4 avg 14 41 97 $$$$$ qqq

Technicians, Science 20.5 3.1 17.6 avg 44 38 72 $$$$ qqq

Telecommunications Technical Specialists 7.1 3.7 107.4 below avg 13 46 97 $$$$ qq

Telecommunications Trades Workers 16.6 -7.9 -32.2 low 2 43 91 $$$ qq

Telemarketers 13.7 -4.1 -22.8 high 63 29 55 $ qqq

Tilers, Roof 11.8 3.4 40.0 high 0 26 90 $$ qq

Tilers, Wall and Floor 16.3 -4.9 -23.1 high 1 35 87 $ qq

Toolmakers and Engineering Patternmakers 2.5 -6.0 -70.3 high 6 47 95 $$$ q

Tourism and Travel Advisers 23.2 5.6 31.7 avg 76 33 82 $$ qqq

Trainers, ICT 6.4 1.5 29.7 low 56 40 68 $$$ q

Training and Development Professionals 32.7 8.1 33.1 below avg 58 42 79 $$$$ qqqq

Transport Professionals, Air 13.2 4.5 52.4 low 7 39 84 $$$$$ qqq

Transport Professionals, Marine 9.0 0.7 8.5 high 6 45 82 $$$$$ qq

Travel Attendants 10.5 2.5 30.6 low 72 38 55 $$$ qq

Tutors and Teachers, Private 30.7 3.2 11.8 below avg 74 36 20 $$$$$ qqq




AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2012 - DATA SOURCES

Australian Bureau of Statistics• Year Book Australia, 2001 (Cat. no. 1301.0)

• Regional Population Growth, Australia (Cat. no. 3218.0)

• Labour Force, Australia (Cat. no. 6202.0)

• Labour Mobility, Australia (Cat. no. 6209.0)

• Survey of Education and Work (Cat. no. 6227.0)

• Labour Force, Australia, Detailed - Electronic Delivery (Cat. no. 6291.0.55.001)

• Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly (Cat. no. 6291.0.55.003)

• Employee Earnings, Benefi ts and Trade Union Membership (Cat. no. 6310.0)

• Census of Population and Housing, 2006

For many small occupations, standard errors are large relative to the size of the employment estimates. Although trend data are used for employment estimates, employment growth trends are variable for small occupations and should be used with caution.

For consistency, throughout the publication, employment data at the national and state level have been presented in trend terms (where possible). However, employment data at the regional level are in original, 12 month or 4 quarter average terms. Accordingly, employment and employment change fi gures are not comparable between states and regions.

The terms ‘regional’, ‘non-metropolitan’ and ‘outside the state capital cities’ have been used interchangeably throughout the publication. This is comprised of the Balance of New South Wales, the Balance of Victoria, the Balance of Queensland, the Balance of South Australia, the Balance of Western Australia, the Balance of Tasmania, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. Specifi c regions are ABS Labour Force Regions and boundaries are based on the 2006 Australian Standard Geographical Classifi cation (ASGC) (Cat. no. 1216.0).

Educational attainment data from the 2011 Survey of Education and Work are only available at the state and national level. For regional areas, data from the 2006 Census are the latest available source of educational attainment profi les. Accordingly, educational attainment fi gures are not comparable between states and regions. Educational attainment data refer only to persons aged 15-64.

Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations• Employment projections. These are based on actual employment trends,

economic trends and prospects, economic models, including Access Economics and the Centre of Policy Studies at Monash University, and current and prospective industry developments.

Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education• Higher Education Statistics

Graduate Careers Australia• GradStats, various issues

• Grad Careers & Dollars

National Centre for Vocational Education Research • Student Outcomes

• Apprentices and Trainees Collection

• Miscellaneous VOCSTATS from NCVER website


Employ’t Change 5

Years to Nov 2011

Unemp 2011

Gender Females

Median Age


Median Earnings


Future Job


UUniversity Lecturers and Tutors 45.6 6.3 16.1 avg 48 47 74 $$$$$ qqq

Upholsterers 2.4 -3.7 -60.4 avg 18 49 71 - q

VValuers and Land Economists 9.9 -3.7 -27.2 low 17 46 83 $$$ qqVehicle Body Builders and Trimmers 4.6 -0.1 -1.9 below avg 5 39 95 $$$ qVehicle Painters 8.1 -5.0 -38.4 below avg 2 33 92 $$ qVending Machine Attendants 6.3 -1.5 -19.1 avg 58 38 66 - qqVeterinarians 7.3 1.3 22.0 low 60 38 77 $$$$$ qVeterinary Nurses 10.8 5.1 90.8 low 98 28 52 $ qqVisual Arts and Crafts Professionals 6.4 -7.0 -52.3 avg 54 52 52 $ qVisual Merchandiser 4.6 -0.5 -9.7 high 88 38 44 - q

WWaiters 113.9 16.1 16.5 high 77 22 26 $ qqqqqWeb Developers and Multimedia Specialists 7.4 4.2 132.2 avg 11 31 88 $$$ qWelding Trades and Structural Steel Workers 79.9 -0.2 -0.3 avg 2 37 96 $$$ qqqqWelfare, Recreation and Community Arts Workers 26.0 4.2 19.5 avg 81 42 77 $$$ qqqWelfare Support Workers 56.2 13.5 31.6 avg 76 42 68 $$$ qqqqWood Machinists and Other Wood Trades Workers 5.0 -0.6 -10.1 below avg 29 43 75 $$ q



USEFUL WEBSITES AND LINKS

Employment and Labour Market Information

Industry Skills Councils www.isc.org.auIndustry Skills Councils (ISCs) are recognised and funded by the Australian Government and they provide information about industries.

Labour Market Information Portal www.deewr.gov.au/lmipThe DEEWR Labour Market Information Portal (LMIP) provides detailed, up-to-date labour market information based on local areas.

Job Outlook www.joboutlook.gov.auThis DEEWR site provides more detailed statistical information for each of the occupations included in the Australian Jobs Matrix in this publication.

Skills Infowww.skillsinfo.gov.auProvides comprehensive data on industry employment trends and projections.

JobSearch www.jobsearch.gov.auJobSearch is Australia’s largest free online jobs website. JobSearch has a range of features, including free registration for all Australians seeking work, and links to employment assistance and information for all job seekers. Job seekers can search for current employment vacancies.

Skill Shortages www.deewr.gov.au/SkillShortagesDEEWR monitors the labour market for a range of skilled occupations to identify and report on shortages.


Australian Apprenticeships www.australianapprenticeships.gov.auAustralian Apprenticeships provides information on all apprenticeships and traineeships, including helpful links and general information.

MyUniversity www.myuniversity.gov.auThe recently released Australian Government website helps you make an informed decision about your higher education studies.

Australian Apprenticeships Pathways www.aajobpathways.com.auThe Australian Apprenticeships Pathways (AAP) website provides students, careers advisers, job seekers and employers with a broad range of Australian Apprenticeships information and resources including sample job and training descriptions, and industry based job pathway charts and practice aptitude quizzes.

MySkills www.myskills.gov.auTo be launched late in 2012, this site will provide an on-line database to inform students and employers about their training options, including information about training providers, courses, training outcomes and fees.

Study Assist www.studyassist.gov.auProvides information about student loans available from the Australian Government under the Higher Education Loan Program (HELP) in both the higher education and the vocational education and training sectors.

Training www.training.gov.auInformation on training packages, qualifi cations, courses, units of competency and Registered Training Organisations (RTOs).

Graduate Careers Australia www.graduatecareers.com.au Graduate Careers Australia (GCA) provides a range of graduate-related publications and research that informs students, employers and careers practitioners about industry and salary trends, graduate employment opportunities and career development.

National Centre for Vocational Education Research www.ncver.edu.auThe National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) collects, manages, analyses, evaluates and communicates research and statistics about vocational education and training, and the links between education and the labour market more generally.

Careers Information

Australian Government website http://australia.gov.au/topics/employment-and-workplace/career-informationAn Australian Government initiative which includes links to careers and employment information.

Career Information Centres www.humanservices.gov.au click on careers or use the search function,Centrelink’s Career Information Centres are ‘one-stop-shops’ providing a comprehensive free service to all Australians.

Job Guide www.deewr.gov.au/jobguideProvides an in-depth look at a range of occupations, and their education and training pathways. It also gives useful information about careers based on personal interests and abilities.

My Future www.myfuture.edu.auMy Future provides current career information, articles and links to thousands of resources to assist with career development and planning.

www.ncver.edu.au

www.isc.org.au

www.joboutlook.gov.au

www.jobsearch.gov.au


www.skillsinfo.gov.au

www.deewr.gov.au/SkillShortages

www.australianapprenticeships.gov.au

www.aajobpathways.com.au

www.graduatecareers.com.au

www.myuniversity.gov.au

www.myskills.gov.au

www.studyassist.gov.au

www.training.gov.au

http://australia.gov.au/topics/employment-and-workplace/

www.humanservices.gov.au

www.deewr.gov.au/jobguide

www.myfuture.edu.au


Contents

ISSN 1832-7230

australian jobs 2012

Documents

contents of australian

links432 australian

requirementsaustralian

summary information

detailed information

interestaustralian jobs

arange of information

employability skills