australia
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Australia. Chapter 16 Geography and History. Geography. 1. History. 2. Contents. Look at the map of Australia carefully and find clues to the following items: size and location regions terrain and topography. Size and Location. the sixth largest country in the world - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Australia
Chapter 16
Geography and History
Contents
Geography1
History2
Look at the map of Australia carefully and find clues to the following items: size and location regions terrain and topography
Size and Location
the sixth largest country in the worldlocated in Oceania, the Southern Hemispherecompletely surrounded by water:
lying between the Indian and Pacific Oceans north: the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Torres
Strait east: the Coral Sea, the Tasman Sea south: the Bass Strait, the Indian Ocean west: the Indian Ocean
Regions
ACT—Australian Capital Territory NSW—New South Wales NT—Northern Territory QLD—Queensland SA—Southern Australia TAS—Tasmania VIC—Victoria WA—Western Australia
Terrain and Topography
The average elevation: 275m
Mount Everest is almost four times as high as Mount Kosciuszko.
The highest and lowest point in Australia
Name State Height (m)
Mawson Peak Heard Island 2,745
Mount Kosciuszko
NSW 2,228
Eyre Lake SA -15
Climate
an island continent with a diverse range of climate zones
north: tropical the interior: arid south: temperate Temperature: 50—0 ℃
Plants and Animals
indigenous plants: eucalyptus the golden wattle unique animals marsupials: kangaroo, koala, wombat monotremes: platypus and echidna (the only egg-laying mammals in the world) birds: black swan
EMU lyrebird white cockatoo
Natural Landscape
Great Barrier Reef Uluru (Ayers Rock) Alice Springs Barossa Valley
History
1 2 3 4
European Exploration and Settlement
Movement toward Federation
Influence of the War
Australia inDevelopment
European Exploration and Settlement
early exploration 1606: Torres, Spanish, Torres Strait
1642: Abel Tasman, Dutch, Tasmania Island
1688: William Dampier, British, northwest
1770: James Cook, British, Botany Bay and named it New South Wales
penal settlements 1783: the American Revolution ended and Australia was
established as a new penal settlement at Botany Bay in Australia.
expanding colonization: Growth of sheep grazing Gold rush
treatment of aborigines: 1788: 300,000 Australian aborigines 19th and 20th century: decline steeply
Movement toward Federation
1889: NSW began the movement to replace the Federal Council. Henry Parkes, its premier, announced that the colony would support a new form of federalism.
1900: the six colonies of Australia adopted a federal constitution and the Commonwealth of Australia was established.
Influence of the War
WWI: disaster to Australia 1914:
• total Australian men: 3 million• 400,000 volunteered to the war.• 60,000 died.• tens of thousands wounded
1915: April 25 became the Anzac Day, a day to remind the country’s most significant day of public homage.
interwar years: • uneven years, Great Depression
WWII:• sense of confidence enhanced• survived with a sense of pride
postwar peace and prosperity• the Snowy Mountains Scheme• the Menzies Era
Australia in Development
the lucky country:
postwar prosperity
an employment rate of almost 100%
1967 — passed legislation to protect the right of
indigenous people
1960s — baby boomers
2000 — the Sydney Olympic Games and the Sydney
Paralympic Games