‘Ahui Mai’a Weekly

Spanish

American War.

What Really

Happened

Pg. 1

$0.99

Panama Canal. How it

was Made Pg. 4

Spanish American War By Javier Rosas

CO- editor Alex Grell Did you ever wonder how Cuba got involved in war? They didn’t exactly go to war, the United States helped them fight because of “The Maine”, the de Lome letter, the Battle of San Juan Hill and much more. The U.S. knew about Spain trying to take over Cuba. The Americans were not worried all that much about Spain taking over Cuba. William Hurst, a publisher for yellow journalism, a newspaper company sent an artist named Frederic Remington to Cuba to paint photos of how bad the Cubans are suffering to Spain for the newspaper. All of the Americans were shocked and wanted to help. Spain’s minister sent President McKinley the de Lome Letter. Where it called President McKinley, “weak and catering to rubble.” This really made Americans begging for war. The U.S. sent the U.S.S. Maine battleship to protect the country. Suddenly it blew up, the U.S. blamed Spain. That was when, the war was declared. Commander George Dewey was ordered to attack the Spanish Fleet in the Philippines. The battle was underway.

This is the sunken U.S.S. Maine

1

Spanish American War (cont.)

The U.S. won the battle in the Philippines easily. Theodore Roosevelt made up a group called, “The Rough Riders.” This was a regiment that was made of great college athletes, cowboys, ranchers, and miners. They were all trained to fight on horseback. They could not send horses to Cuba though, so they had to fight on foot. Their next and final target was Cuba itself. The U.S. troops were ordered to control Santiago and the hills around it. All day the Spanish and Americans fought. By night, the Americans controlled the ridge above Santiago. Battle of San Juan was won by the Americans. Six Buffalo Soldiers and two Rough Riders including Roosevelt received Medal of Honor. Buffalo Soldiers are special soldiers that were black. They did not treat them completely fair but they were glad they had them fight.

This was one of “The Rough Riders” that fought in the Spanish-American war.

2

Spanish American War (cont.)

After a short war that lasted for 4 months, the United States came out on top in the Philippines and Cuba. The Americans made a peace treaty with Spain. Lots of terms of the peace treaty cost Spain. They were forced to give up Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and Philippines to the U.S. Sadly, up to 2,000 American soldiers died. Surprisingly, it wasn’t because of battle wounds, they were from yellow fever. New overseas territories gave more bases for the U.S. That was when, the United States was moved into the ranks of imperialist nations. As you can see, Cuba didn’t exactly go to war, the U.S. helped them fight because of serious situations like “The Maine”, the de Lome Letter, the Battle of San Juan Hill and much more. After researching this important subject, I am glad this all happened. Not because I think Spain deserved it, but because things probably would not be the same. Such as, not owning Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba, etc.

3

Journey to Build the Panama Canal By Alex Grell

CO-editor Javier Rosas The problems that occurred with the Panama Canal are territory, financial problems, and construction. The first problem that occurred was getting the land to put the canal in. They had to find the money to buy the land. In 1902 the United States bought the rights to the French Canal property and equipment. Then through negotiations with Columbia in 1903, a treaty was formed but Columbia's senate who refused to ratify the canal. Before the United States built the canal the French attempted to build it on their own. The French spent 287 million dollars on their attempt to build the canal. They could not complete the canal because of all the diseases and they did not pick an ideal place to put the canal. Eventually the French went bankrupt and the U.S. had to take over. The canal was built over a 50-mile stretch of land called “The Canal Zone”. Roosevelt went through three engineers, but the last engineer named George Goethals finished the job and got the credit for building it. The final cost for the canal was 352 million dollars which is equal to 7.5 billion dollars today. There were also many problems with all the workers. There was an outbreak of Yellow Fever which drastically slowed down production. Another problem was electricity shortages which did not allow them to work at night or run machinery all the time. The largest problem that affected production was mosquitoes. They carried many types of diseases, such as, malaria and yellow fever. To get rid of the mosquitoes they cleared vegetation, drained swamps, and put oil everywhere so the mosquitoes struggled to lay eggs. Though there were many problems in building the Panama Canal the struggles were well worth conquering.

4

Imperialism in Japan and China

By Ryan Bryant

Beginning in 1898, groups of peasants in northern China began to band together into a secret society known as I-ho ch'üan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists”), called the “Boxers” by Western press. Members of the secret society practiced boxing and calisthenic rituals (hence the nickname, the “Boxers”) which they believed would make them impervious to bullets.

Imperialism in Japan and China (cont.)

The U.S. looked for land in other countries. The U.S. looked for land in china and japan. So they could expand the U.S. territory. The U.S. also started going into Asia to take land from them at the same time England, France, Germany and Russia were also trying to get land in Asia. Japan forcefully acquired three major foreign territories.

Hawaiian Annexation By Brady Neyrinck co-editor: Mackie

Schoenfelder Did you know that Hawaii did not want to join the United States until they were forced to? Hawaii was not cooperative with the United States so the Hawaiian League was formed to overthrow monarchy and gain democracy in Hawaii. The Bayonet Constitution was signed and Hawaii was forced to give the U.S. Pearl Harbor. Hawaii was later annexed into the United States when the U.S. became imperialists, the U.S. was interested in Hawaii because of fruit and sugar which were major imports, but Hawaii wasn’t cooperative. When more and more people came to Hawaii the Sugar industry gained power and foreign workers poured into Hawaii and planters grew rich. Sugar growers were later undersold to the U.S. and depression swept the islands. The turning point between Hawaii and the U.S. was the McKinley Tariff act which increased rates for foreign sugar. Sugar growers knew that if Hawaii was annexed into the United States then the Tariff problem would go away. Hawaii still was not cooperative all the way with the U.S. In 1901 James Dole began growing pineapples and by the 1930’s ninety percent of the worlds pineapples came from Dole. In 1907 James Dole started advertising his pineapples in magazines and eventually the demand for pineapples sky-rocketed. Then, in 1913, James Dole bought a Ginaca Machine which made the process easier by peeling 35 pineapples every minute! Finally in 1922 Dole made the Dole Plantation which was an 800 acre pineapple farm.

Queen Liluokalani Leader of Hawaiian

Nation

James Dole

Hawaiian Annexation (cont.)

The Hawaiian League tried to overthrow monarchy and gain democracy in Hawaii which caused the Bayonet Constitution. The Bayonet Constitution was a result to King Kalakaua not allowing the United States to take Hawaii so the Hawaiian League was formed to overthrow his monarchy. The Hawaiian League finally formed the Bayonet Constitution by literally forcing the king to sign a constitution that gave Hawaii to the U.S. The U.S. gained military strongholds like the Port of Pearl Harbor and Hawaii was eventually annexed as a state after the Bayonet Constitution. Hawaii was annexed on August 21, 1959 after being a U.S. territory for 65 years. Hawaii being annexed was good because the U.S. gained exports like fruit and sugar and also Military strongholds. Today some Hawaiian people still think that what the U.S. did by forcefully taking the islands is wrong and Hawaii should not be part of the United States.

King Kalakaua

of the Hawaiian

Nation

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony at the Lolani Palce

Mexican Revolution By: Mackie Schoenfelder

• Did you know that the Mexicans and the Americans almost had a war? They almost did back in 1917. The Mexicans had just had there civil war and brought America into it. I think United States should've Intervened because of the Tampico incident, Occupying Vera Cruz, Pursuing Pancho Villa.

Mexican Revolution (cont.)

On April 9th 1919, nine crew members of the USS Dolphin went under custody of the Mexican army while boarding Mexican shores. Prisoners were quickly released by and unharmed.The United States wanted more than that. The Mexican army refused these silly demands. The U.S. asked Congress for war, but the Mexicans moved faster. Wilson ordered 10,000 united states troops to hunt Pancho Villa, but they could never find him. The United States became more involved with World War 1. Wilson withdrew his troops. The United States and the Mexicans still had strained connections.

Mexican Revolution (cont.)

• After doing all this the Mexicans and the Americans still never got in a war. I believed America should’ve intervened deeper and conquer Mexico if they were so worried about getting land.

Annexation of the Philippines

by: Karrisa Romer co- editor: Brady Neyrinck

Philippine–American War was also known as the Philippine War of Independence or the Philippine Insurrection. In 1899, the United States annexed the Philippines after a short yet bloody war with Spain. These rich islands full of resources were in great demand. After defeating Spain in Cuba and in the Philippines in 1898, the U.S. purchased the Philippines, Puerto Rico and several other islands from the Spanish. However, the Filipinos had been fighting a bloody revolution against Spain since 1896, and had no intention of becoming a colony of another imperialist power. On the evening of February 4, 1899, Private William Grayson fired the first shot in what would turn out to be a very bloody war. Grayson shot at a group of Filipinos approaching his position, provoking an armed response. The shooting soon spread up and down the ten-mile U.S. Filipino lines, causing hundreds of deaths. President McKinley’s argument for annexation was very intimidating. He stated the the Filipinos were unfit for self-government, their independence would bring anarchy, and other European powers would try to seize the island anyway. The United States of America annexing the Philippines was a big mistake, it never should have happened. It was a waste of money, hypocritical, and in the end America’s hands were just as bloody as Spain’s. The Philippines did not gain complete independence until 1946. Trying to control another nation never ends well for either side. But those who don’t learn from history are doomed to repeat it.

Bibligraphy

• Mackie S.

• 1.) ttp://www.mexonline.com/revolution.htm http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/2824-the-mexican-revolution-1910 2.) Ayers, Edward L., Jesús De La Teja, Deborah Gray White, and Robert

Schulzinger.American Anthem Modern American History. Holt. Print.

• Alex Grell

• 1.) Calore, Paul. "Panama Canal History - Cost To Build The Panama Canal | What It Costs."Historical | What It Costs. Web. 26 Jan. 2012. <http://historical.whatitcosts.com/facts-panama-canal-pg2.htm>. 2.) Ayers, Edward L., and Samuel S. Wineburg. American Anthem: Modern American History. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2007. Print.

• Ryan B

• http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h908.html

• Javier Rosas

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War

• http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3617.html

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War

Bibliography

• Krarisa

• Digital History. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=191>.

• Philippines, Taking The. "What Are the Pros and the Cons of the Phillipines Annexation by the US? - History - Questions & Answers." ENotes - Literature Study Guides, Lesson Plans, and More. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.enotes.com/history/q-and-a/what-pros-cons-phillipines-annexation-by-us-243437>.

• Wilbury, Cletus. "Newsvine - The Great Hypocrisy –Imperialism versus Anti-imperialist Movement on the Issue of Annexation of the Philippines."Cletuswilbury.newsvine.com - Cletus Wilbury. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://cletuswilbury.newsvine.com/_news/2009/04/18/2699557-the-great-hypocrisy-imperialism-versus-anti-imperialist-movement-on-the-issue-of-annexation-of-the-philippines>.

Brady

• http://www.ushistory.org/us/44b.asp

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii

• http://www.hawaii-nation.org/betrayal.html