at the lhc pp cross sections at the...
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Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross-sections at the LHC
Diffraction, saturation and pp cross sections at the LHC
Konstantin GoulianosThe Rockefeller University
Moriond QCD and High Energy InteractionsLa Thuile, March 20-27, 2011
(member of CDF and CMS)
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 2K. Goulianos
CONTENTS
Introduction
Diffractive cross sections
The total, elastic, and inelastic cross sections
Monte Carlo strategy for the LHC
Conclusions
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 3K. Goulianos
Two reasons: one fundamental
/ one practical.
fundamental
practical: underlying event (UE), triggers, calibrations
the UE affects all physics studies at the LHC
Why study diffraction?
σT
optical theoremIm fel (t=0)
dispersion relationsRe fel (t=0)
Diffraction
measure σT
& ρ-value at LHC:
check for violation of dispersion relations
sign for new physicsBourrely, C., Khuri, N.N., Martin, A.,Soffer, J., Wu, T.Thttp://en.scientificcommons.org/16731756
saturation σT
NEED ROBUST MC SIMULATION OF SOFT PHYSICS
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 4K. Goulianos
Pandora's box is an artifact
in Greek mythology, taken from the myth of Pandora's creation around line 60 of Hesiod's Works And Days. The "box" was actually a large jar (πιθος
pithos) given to Pandora
(Πανδώρα) ("all-gifted"), which contained all the evils
of the world. When Pandora opened the jar, the entire contents of the jar were released, but for one –
hope. Nikipedia
MC simulations: Pandora’s box was unlocked at the LHC!
Presently available MCs based on pre-LHC data were found to be inadequate for LHC
MC tunes: the “evils of the world” were released from Pandora’s box at the LHC
… but fortunately, hope remained in the box a good starting point for this talk
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 5K. Goulianos
Diffractive gaps definition: gaps not exponentially
suppressed
ξ1~
dξdσ
M
1~dM
dσconstantΔηddσ
220t
⇒⇒≈⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
=
p pX p
Particle production Rapidity gap
η
φ
-ln
ξln
MX2
ln
s
X
No rad
iation
Lpξ ⋅
sMξ
2x≈
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 6K. Goulianos
Diffractive pbar-p
studies @ CDF
η
φ
Elastic scattering Total cross section
SD DD DPE SDD=SD+DD
σT=Im
fel
(t=0)
OPTICALTHEOREM
η
φGAP
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 7K. Goulianos
Basic and combined diffractive processes
a 4-gap diffractive process
gap
SD
DD
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 8K. Goulianos
Regge
theory –
values of so & g?
Parameters:s0, s0' and g(t)set s0‘ = s0 (universal IP )determine s0 and gPPP – how?
KG-1995:
PLB 358, 379 (1995)
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 9K. Goulianos
A complication … Unitarity!
dσ/dt σsd grows faster than σt as s increasesunitarity violation at high s
(similarly for partial x-sections in impact parameter space)
the unitarity limit is already reached at √s ~ 2 TeV
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 10K. Goulianos
σTSD
vs
σT
(pp & pp)
Factor of ~8 (~5)suppression at √s = 1800 (540) GeV
KG, PLB 358, 379 (1995)
1800
GeV
540
GeV
Mξ,t
pp
p’
√s=22 GeV
RENORMALIZATION MODEL
CDF Run I results
σTσT
suppressed relative to Regge for √s>22 GeV
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 11K. Goulianos
Gap probability (re)normalize to unity
Single diffraction renormalized –
(1)
y′ΔyΔ
yt Δ,2 independent variables:
t
colorfactor 17.0
)0()(
≈=−−
−−
ppIP
IPIPIP tgβ
κ
( ){ } { }yo
ytp eetFC
yddtd ′ΔΔ′+ ⋅⋅⋅⋅=
Δεαε σκσ 22
2
)(gap probability sub-energy x-section
KG EDS 2009: http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1002/1002.3527v1.pdfKG CORFU-2001: hep-ph/0203141
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 12K. Goulianos
Single diffraction renormalized –
(2)
colorfactor 17.0
)0()(
≈=−−
−−
ppIP
IPIPIP tgβ
κ
Experimentally:KG&JM, PRD 59 (114017) 1999
18.03125.0
8175.0121f
11f 2 =×+×≈⎯⎯⎯ →⎯ =×+−
×= QNN c
qc
gκQCD:
104.0,02.017.0 =±==−
−− εβ
κpIP
IPIPIPg
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 13K. Goulianos
Single diffraction renormalized -
(3)
constsb
sssd ⇒
→⎯⎯ →⎯ ∞→
lnln~σ
set to unitydetermine so
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 14K. Goulianos
Single diffraction renormalized –
(4)
( ){ } { }yo
ytpgap eetFCN
yddtd ′ΔΔ′+ ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=
Δεαε σκσ 22
2
)(
ssCdtydtysN s
gaptygap ln),(P)(
2
,1
ε
⋅′⎯⎯ →⎯ΔΔ∫= ∞→Δ
−
[ ] tybsy eseCyddt
d )2()ln(2
0ln Δ′+−Δ ⋅′′=Δ
αεσ
Pumplin bound obeyed at all impact parametersgrows slower than sε
),(P tygap Δ
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 15K. Goulianos
M2
distribution: data
14 GeV (0.01 < ξ < 0.03)
20 GeV (0.01 < ξ < 0.03)
546 GeV (0.005 < ξ < 0.03)
1800 GeV (0.003 < ξ < 0.03)
1____
(M2)1+Δ.....
←_____ 546 GeV std.flux prediction
← 1800 GeV std.flux prediction
Δ = 0.05 ________→
Δ = 0.15 _________→
renorm. fluxprediction
_________→
std. and renorm.flux fits
|↑
KG&JM, PRD 59 (1999) 114017
ε≡Δ
factorization breaks down to ensure M2 scaling
ε12
2ε
2 )(Ms
dMdσ
+∝
Regge
1
Independent of s
over 6 orders of magnitude in M2
M2 scaling
dσ/dM2|t=-0.05 ~ independent of s over 6 orders of magnitude!
data
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 16K. Goulianos
Scale so
and triple-pom
coupling
Two free parameters: so and gPPPObtain product gPPP•so
ε / 2 from σSD
Renormalized Pomeron flux determines soGet unique solution for gPPP
Pomeron-proton x-section
)(sσξ)(t,fdtdξσd
p/pSD
2
ξ−⋅= IPIP
εos
)(s /2o tgPPP⋅−ε
Pomeron
flux: interpret as gap probabilityset to unity: determines gPPP and s0 KG, PLB 358 (1995) 379
So
=3.7±1.5 GeV2gPPP =0.69 mb-1/2=1.1 GeV
-1
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 17K. Goulianos
Saturation “glueball”
at ISR?
See M.G.Albrow, T.D. Goughlin, J.R. Forshaw, hep-ph>arXiv:1006.1289
Giant glueball
with f0
(980) and f0
(1500) superimposed, interfering destructively and manifesting as dips (???)
√so
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 18K. Goulianos
Multigap
cross sections, e.g. SDD
ssty ln/2~,ε
Δ∫Same suppressionas for single gap!
( ){ } ( ){ }2122
2-1i1
2
51
5
)( yyo
ytp
ii
eetFCdV
dii ′Δ+′Δ
=
Δ′+
−=
××= ∏∏εαε σκσ
Gap probability Sub-energy cross section(for regions with particles)
1y ′Δ 2y ′Δ1yΔ 2yΔ
1y ′ 2y
1t 21 yyy Δ+Δ=Δ5 independent variables2t color
factor
KG, hep-ph/0203141
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 19K. Goulianos
SDD in CDF: data vs
NBR MChttp://physics.rockefeller.edu/publications.html
Excellent agreement between data and NBR (MinBiasRockefeller) MC
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 20K. Goulianos
Multigaps: a 4-gap x-section
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 21K. Goulianos
The total x-section
√sF
=22 GeV
SUPERBALL MODEL
98 ±
8 mb
at 7 TeV109 ±12 mb
at 14 TeV
http://arxiv.org/
abs/1002.3527
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 22K. Goulianos
Total inelastic cross section
ATLAS measurementof the total inelastic x-section
Renormalization model
The σel is obtainedfrom σt and the ratio of el/tot
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 23K. Goulianos
σSD
and ratio of α'/ε
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 24K. Goulianos
Diffraction in PYTHIA -1
some comments:1/M2 dependence instead of (1/M2)1+ε
F-factors put “by hand” – next slideBdd contains a term added by hand - next slide
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 25K. Goulianos
Diffraction in PYTHIA -2
note:1/M2 dependencee4 factor
Fudge factors:suppression at kinematic
limit kill overlapping diffractive
systems in ddenhance low mass region
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 26K. Goulianos
CMS: observation of Diffraction at 7 TeVAn example of a beautiful data analysis and of MC inadequacies
•
No single MC describes the data in their entirety
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 27K. Goulianos
Monte Carlo Strategy for the LHC
σT from SUPERBALL modeloptical theorem Im fel(t=0)dispersion relations Re fel(t=0)σel
σinel
differential σSD from RENORMuse nesting of final states (FSs) for
pp collisions at the IP-p sub-energy √s' Strategy similar to that employed in the MBR (Minimum Bias Rockefeller) MC used in CDF based on multiplicities from: K. Goulianos, Phys. Lett. B 193 (1987) 151 pp“A new statistical description of hardonic
and e+e−
multiplicity distributions “
σT
optical theoremIm fel (t=0)
dispersion relationsRe fel (t=0)
MONTE CARLO STRATEGY
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 28K. Goulianos
Monte Carlo algorithm -
nesting
η'ct
Profile of a pp inelastic collision
Δy‘
< Δy'min
EXIT
Δy‘
> Δy'min
generate central gap
repeat until Δy' < Δy'min
ln
s' evolve every cluster similarly
gap gapno gap
final statefrom MC
w/no-gaps
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 29K. Goulianos
SUMMARY
Introduction
Diffractive cross sections
basic: SDp, SDp, DD, DPE
combined: multigap x-sections
ND no-gaps: final state from MC with no gaps
this is the only final state to be tuned
The total, elastic, and inelastic cross sections
Monte Carlo strategy for the LHC – use “nesting”
derived from NDand QCD color factors
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 30K. Goulianos
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 31K. Goulianos
RISING X-SECTIONS IN PARTON MODEL
(see E. Levin, An Introduction to Pomerons,Preprint
DESY 98-120)
εε σσσ ses oy
oT == ′Δ)(y
φ sy ln=′Δ
Emission spacing controlled by α-strongσΤ : power law rise with energy
∼1/αs
α’
reflects the size of the emitted cluster, which is controlled by 1 /αs
and thereby is related to ε
( ) ytel etsf Δ′+∝ αε),(Im
yφ sy ln=Δ
Forward elastic scattering amplitude
assume linear t-dependence
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 32K. Goulianos
Gap survival probability
10-1
1
103
sub-energy √s--, (GeV)
gap
frac
tion Δη
> 3
.0 CDF: one-gap/no-gapCDF: two-gap/one-gapRegge predictionRenorm-gap prediction
2-gap
1-gap
210
0.23GeV)(1800S gapgap/01gapgap/12 ≈−−
−−
0.29GeV)(630S gapgap/01gapgap/12 ≈−−
−−
S =
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 33K. Goulianos
Diffraction in MBR: dd
in CDFhttp://physics.rockefeller.edu/publications.html
renormalized
gap probability x-section
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 34K. Goulianos
Diffraction in MBR: DPE in CDFhttp://physics.rockefeller.edu/publications.html
Excellent agreement between data and MBR
low and high masses are correctly implemented
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 35K. Goulianos
Dijets
in γp
at HERA
from RENORM
Factor of ~3 suppressionexpected at W~200 GeV(just as in pp collisions)for both direct and resolved components
K. Goulianos, POS (DIFF2006) 055 (p. 8)
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 36K. Goulianos
Saturation at low Q2
and small-x
figure from a talk by Edmond Iancu
Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 37K. Goulianos