assignment: e-brain exercise

Name: _________________________________ Section Day & Time: _____________________

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Gross Anatomy, EBrain Interactive Tutorial PSYC 3120, Fall 2016 I. Purpose The purpose of this practicum is to learn gross anatomy of the brain. The sheep brain is a good model for learning how to handle the brain tissue, and it is close enough in comparative anatomy to provide a good understanding of basic human brain structure. To begin, you will work with an interactive sheep brain dissection simulation, in preparation for the sheep brain dissection exercise. II. Specific Objectives

A. Review important neuroanatomical terminology and embryonic divisions of the brain. B. Examine sheep brain structures visible from sagittal, horizontal, and coronal cuts. C. Examine anatomy of human brain by identifying structures via online brain atlas.

A. Neuroanatomical Terminology and Embryological Divisions: Select Ebrain Module 1: The Basics. Work through each slide of the following tutorials by clicking the small forward key in the top right corner of the ebrain screen. Be sure to click on the magnifying glass to enlarge all small images and diagrams.

a. Module 1A: Nervous System Organization b. Module 1B: Anatomical Orientation

Label the Planes of Dissection:

Identify the Directional Orientation in Sheep (Quadrupeds):

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Identify the Directional Orientation in Humans (Bipeds):

c. Module 1C: Terminology Conventions

d. Pin Quiz on Anatomical Orientation

Module 1 The Basics Review – Fill in the Boxes Identifying the Direction or View:

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Frontal Lobe: Mediates motor processes & responsible for executive functions (human) such as cognition, language, planning, & judgment Temporal Lobe: Audition, memory, speech Occipital Lobe: Vision Parietal Lobe: Somatosensory (body sensation), processing, attention, spatial awareness, proprioception & language comprehension.

*Note: in most cases, there is not a clear anatomical distinction among the various regions; although in some cases borders fall along major gyri. The division into lobes is primarily a functional one.

Depressions or fissures Convolutions

or raised portions of

tissue

Long fissure dividing cerebral

hemispheres

B. Sheep Brain Anatomy:

a. Select Module 2: The Meninges. i. Dissection Anatomy: Introduction, Layers, Folds, Dissection

ii. Video: The Meninges

b. Select Module 3: Dorsal View. i. Anatomy: Introduction, Divisions, Convolutions, Lobes

Label the Divisions, Convolutions & Lobes:

Convolutions: Divisions:

Lobes (Anatomy & Function):

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ii. Anatomy Pin Quiz Module 3 Dorsal View Review – Label the Structures:

c. Select Module 4: Lateral View. i. Anatomy: Introduction, Lobes, Structures

ii. Anatomy Pin Quiz Module 4 Lateral View Review – Label the Structures:

d. Select Module 5: The Cerebellum. i. Anatomy, Dissection: Introduction, Anatomy, Sagittal View, Peduncles

ii. Anatomy Pin Quiz Module 5: The Cerebellum Review:

• Critical for coordination & motor control. • Recent discoveries suggest it is also involved in higher cognitive function, by helping to

integrate & coordinate function of many diverse structures in the cerebrum. o i.e., learning & motor memory, novelty and shifting & orienting attention.

This structure’s name means “little brain.” Mediates coordination & motor control.

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Portion of the limbic system & are believed to play a role in

memory.

Channel that connects pituitary w/ hypothalamus.

e. Select Module 6: Cranial Nerves

i. Anatomy: Introduction, Cranial Nerves, Cranial Nerve I, Cranial Nerve II & III

Module 6 Cranial Nerves Review – Label the Structures:

f. Select Module 7: Ventral View. i. Anatomy: Introduction, Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mes, Met,

Myencephalon ii. Anatomy Pin Quiz

Module 7 Ventral View Review – Label the Structures:

Controls eye movement.

Portion of visual info. from eye crosses over to

opposite hemisphere.

Large fiber tracts that travel between cerebral cortex & spinal column. Conveys motor info. to

the spinal cord.

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Part of the limbic system, important for emotion & memory.

Collectively, these structures are known

as the tectum.

Important for audition.

Fiber tract. Carries info. from the hippocampus to

mammillary bodies.

Sensory relay

station.

Inside the ventricle, you will find choroid plexus (where CSF is produced). **

g. Select Module 8: Sagittal View. i. Dissection Anatomy: Introduction, Telencephalon, Diencephalon,

Mesencephalon, Met-/Myelencephalon, Commissures, Parasagittal ii. DISSECTION VIDEO

iii. Anatomy Pin Quiz: Midsagittal Module 8 Sagittal View Review – Label the Structures:

Midsagittal

** Membrane across the face of the ventricle is called the septum pellucidum & serves to separate the two lateral ventricles. Flow of CSF: CSF from the lateral ventricles empties into the third ventricle then travels through the cerebral aqueduct down to the fourth ventricle (which sits below the cerebellum).

This view allows you to distinguish between the gray & white matter in this structure. Note the branching pattern created by white matter in

this region (this is called arbor vitae, literally, “tree of life”).

Important for vision.

Involved in regulatory behaviors & homeostatic function.

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Largest commissure. Band of fibers connecting

the two hemispheres.

This structure + the caudate form a part of the basal ganglia known as the striatum,

which is involved in motor control.

Parasagittal

h. Select Module 9: Horizontal View. i. Dissection Anatomy: just watch DISSECTION VIDEO

i. Select Module 10: Coronal View.

i. Dissection Anatomy: Introduction, Coronal 1 and Coronal 7 ii. DISSECTION VIDEO

iii. Anatomy pin quiz: Coronal 1 and Coronal 7 Module 10 Coronal View Review – Label the Structures:

Coronal 1

Area of white matter that appears fibrous & diffuse.

Contains many fibers connecting the cerebral cortex

with the basal ganglia.

This structure + the putamen form a part of the basal ganglia known as the striatum, which is involved in motor control.

Gray matter

White matter

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Coronal 7

C. For the last section of the lab (or to be completed at home if there is not enough lab time), we'd like you to identify some of the same regions you just learned about in the sheep brain, but from MRI & PET images of the living human brain. 1. Identify surface structures of the human brain at this site. http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/NEURANAT/NEURANCA.html#3 or 2. Use this site to identify internal structures of the brain: http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html -Go to “Normal Anatomy in 3-D with MRI/PET” -Select “show pointers” and “show labels” below the photographs -Select “Brain-hemispheric,” “brain-axial,” or “CSF-vascular” in the top pull-down menu. This determines what anatomical regions will be listed in the pull-down menu below it. -Select the brain region you wish to view from the lower pull-down menu. Alternatively, you can click anywhere on any photo to pull up a label for that region and see the same region from different views (i.e., simultaneously transaxial, sagittal, & coronal.)

Critical structure for memory.

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Brain Anatomy Quiz: Your assignment from this section is to review the sheep brain structures a few more times. You will have a quiz next week. In this quiz, you will be asked to identify some of the structures listed below from pins in sheep brains. We won't require you to know in-depth info about the structures, but some questions may require knowledge of very basic functions (all covered in this handout). You can use this worksheet & the following websites to practice identifying structures in the sheep brain: http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/brain/brshpx.htm http://academic.uofs.edu/department/psych/sheep/framerow.html List of Terms and Structures: Dorsal, Ventral Rostral, Caudal Superior, Inferior Anterior, Posterior Medial, Lateral Sagittal, Coronal, Horizontal Frontal, Temporal, Parietal and Occipital lobes Sulcus, Gyrus White matter, Gray matter Longitudinal fissure Corpus callosum Cerebellum Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus Tectum (a.k.a corpora quadrigemina. Consists of superior & inferior colliculi). Olfactory bulbs Optic nerves Optic chiasm Optic tract Infundibulum (a.k.a Pituitary stalk) Mamillary bodies Pons Medulla Pyramidal tract / Pyramids Cingulate gyrus Lateral ventricles Third ventricle Cerebral aqueduct Fourth ventricle Fornix (a.k.a. Fimbria) Pineal gland Thalamus (Masa intermedia), Hypothalamus Caudate, Putamen Striatum (dorsal striatum = caudate + putamen; striatum is part of the basal ganglia) External capsule Hippocampus

assignment: e-brain exercise

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