assignment air legislation 2

8/9/2019 Assignment Air Legislation 2

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Question: Define the term airworthy and how do you maintain the

airworthiness of the aircraft?

Airworthiness is defined as: The ability of an aircraft or other airborne equipment

or system to operate without significant hazard to aircrew, ground crew, passengers or

to the general public over which such airborne systems are flown. Airworthiness may

also be defined as the fitness of an aircraft for flight in all the environments and

circumstances for which it has been designedto be exposed.

An airworthy aeroplane is one which is fit to fly and safe all the time during its

operation.

Two conditions must be met before an aircraft can be considered airworthy:The

first condition is the aircraft must conform to its type certificate (TC); that is, when theaircraft configuration and the components installed are consistent with the drawing,

specifications, and other data that are part of the TC, and include any supplemental TC

and field-approved alterations incorporated into the aircraft.The other condition is the

aircraft must be in condition for safe operation; this refers to the condition of the aircraft

relative to wear and deterioration.

The connection between this condition of airworthiness and flight safe ty is an

obvious but complex. When the airworthiness of an aircraft is compromised by an error

in design, production or maintenance, the prospects of an accident outcome should be

almost eliminated by the existence and application of a comprehensive and effective

range of Regulatory processes which have been developed for that purpose. However,

this is not always the case and the desired condition of continued airworthiness for

operating aircraft is therefore not always achieved. A deficiency in the airworthiness of

an aircraft is a significant cause of loss of control accidents both directly and indirectly.

In order to maintain the airworthiness of an aircraft, there are few technical

requirements need to be followed by the owners of aircraft, aeronautical products, parts

and appliances.

Most important thing in ensuring the airworthiness of an aircraft is to know who

carry the responsibility in continuing the airworthiness for that aircraft. Based on the

Part M Section A Subpart B, the owner is responsible for the continuing airworthiness

of an aircraft. If the aircraft is leased, the responsibilities are transferred to the lessee.

There are responsibilities for the owner or the lessee to ensure. They need to

make sure that the aircraft stays in airworthy condition. They also need to ensure that


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the aircraft is correctly fitted with operational and emergency equipment and if it is

unserviceable, it must be clearly identified. The aircraft airworthiness certificate must

remain valid all the time. Lastly, the maintenance of the aircraft must be done in

accordance with the approved maintenance programme. For the maintenance on the

aircraft, any person or organization which perform the job shall responsible for the task

they are performed. Before the aircraft can fly, the pilot who in charge for the aircraft or

another qualified person must do the pre-flight inspection to make sure the aircraft in

satisfactory condition.

Even though the aircraft is maintained to be airworthy all the time, there are

always possibilities of an accident may happens. For in case of any identified condition of

an aircraft or component that hazards seriously the flight safety must be reported. Any

person or organization which responsible under the M.A.201 shall report the condition to

the State of Registry (National Aviation Authority [NAA] for example), the organization

responsible to the type design or the supplemental type design (the type certificate or

supplemental type certificate holder, eg: Boeing, Airbus) and the Member State of

Operator. The report must be sending immediately or within 72 hours for measure action

can be taken instantly.

Right now, the aircraft can be considered as airworthy to fly. The next step is to

make sure that the aircraft stays airworthy. To make sure the aircraft stays airworthy, a

list of tasks has been introduced. The first task is the accomplishment of pre -flight

inspections. Rectification of any defect and damage affecting the safety of operation

must be taken into account (MEL for C.A.T). The accomplishment of all maintenancetasksmust be in accordance with the approved aircraft maintenance programme.

Modifications and repairs are in according with the approved data.For non-mandatory

modifications and/or inspections and for all large aircraft or commercial air transport the

establishment of an embodiment policy. Lastly, a maintenance check flights are done

when necessary.

To maintain the airworthiness of the aircraft, the maintenance programme also

plays a big role. There are several regulation must be met by the maintenance

programme. Every aircraft must be maintained in according with a maintenance

programme approved by the competent authority. Under the Continuing Airworthiness

Maintenance Programme, the aircraft Maintenance Programme and its amendment may

be approved through indirect approval procedures. The programme must include a

reliability programme when the maintenance programme based on the Maintenance

Steering Group Logic or mainly on the condition monitoring. The maintenance

programme shall state all scheduled maintenance activities.For large aircraft, the aircraft


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maintenance programme shall include a reliability programme. The aircraft maintenance

programme shall be subject to periodic review and amended accordingly when necessary.

To maintain the airworthiness, the airworthiness directive must also be carried

out within the requirements of that airworthiness directive unless otherwise specified by

the agency. Any damage on the aircraft must be assessed and any modifications and

repairs must use the approved data by the agency or by an approved Part 21 design

organization. All the aircraft continuing airworthiness must have their record system. All

maintenance shall be recorded and entered into the airworthiness record system within

30 days after issuing of the CRS.The airworthiness record system shall include Engine,

prop, service limit parts (log-book); Flt time/cycle or landing; Status of Ads; Status of

mod and repairs; Status of compliance with the maintenance programme; Status of

service life limit components; Mass and balance report and List of deferred maintenance.

In the case of commercial air transport, an operator shall use an aircraft technical

log system containing information for each aircraft. The information in the operator

technical log are the information of each flight, the current CRS, the current

maintenance statement on aircraft maintenance status of what scheduled and out of

phase, the next due maintenance, the outstanding deferred defects and the guidance

instruction. The technical log has to be approved by competent authority and shall be

kept 3 years after last entry.

To achieve the airworthiness of an aircraft, there is some maintenance standards

to be followed. For the maintenance data, the person or organization maintaining an

aircraft shall have the access to and use the only applicable current maintenance data.

The maintenance data must be actual, valid and easy to access. What are the

maintenance data? The maintenance data is any applicable requirement, procedure,

standard or information issued by competent authority. The data is also any applicable

airworthiness directive which mandatory to comply. The data also the applicable

instruction for continuing airworthiness issued by TC, STC holders.

The performance of maintenance must be safe, reliable and good. All

maintenance shall be performed by qualify personnel, following the right methods,

standards, techniques and instructions which specified in the approved maintenance data.After that, the independent or double inspection must be carried out after every flight

safety sensitive main task. During the maintenance, the right tools and equipment must

be used. The tools and equipment must always be controlled and calibrated to an

officially recognized standard. The area (hangar) to perform the maintenance is carried

out shall be well organized and clean in respect of dirt and contamination. After


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maintenance is carried out, tools and external parts must be reorganized. FOD inspection

on the area must be done. After task is complete and satisfy, CRS can be issued.

In case of any defects on the aircraft which can hazards seriously the flight safety,

rectification must be done immediately before further flight. Only the authorized

certifying staff or Part.145 can decide, using approved maintenance data, whether an

aircraft defect hazards seriously the flight safety and therefore decide when and which

rectification action shall be taken before further flight and which defect rectification can

be deferred. However, this does not apply when MEL procedure, the aircraft competent

authority defines as being acceptable and all defects not being rectified must be

recorded in the technical log and in the aircraft life record.Any aircraft defect that would

not hazard seriously the flight safety shall be rectified as soon as practicable, after the

date the aircraft defect was first identified and within any limits specified in the

maintenance data.Any defect not rectified before flight shall be recorded in the aircraft

maintenance record system or operator's technical log system as applicable.

Another main aspect to maintain the airworthiness is component management.

There will be no component may be fitted to the aircraft unless it is in a satisfactory

condition (no damage, operatable and no any physical distortion). Prior to installation of

a component on an aircraft the person or approved maintenance organization shall

ensure that the particular component is eligible to be fitted when different modification

and/or airworthiness directive configurations may be applicable. The aircraft component

also needs to be maintained. The maintenance of components shall be performed by

appropriately approved Subpart F or Part-145 maintenance organizations. Must alwaystake notes to the service life limited components. The installed service life limited

components shall not exceed the approved service life limit as specified in the approved

maintenance programme and airworthiness directives. For the unserviceable component

must be controlled. Component shall be considered as unserviceable when the

components service life has expired or, non-compliance with the applicable airworthiness

directives or, absence of the EASA Form 1 or, evidence of defects or malfunction or,

involvement in an incident or accident likely to affect its serviceability.

An airline is making money by flying their aircraft. But in order for an aircraft to

fly, they need to be fit to fly. The aircraft must be in good shape, safe along the flight

free from any damage that hazard seriously flight safety. In other word, the aircraft

need to be airworthy. Most airlines are aiming to get a maximum revenue and

minimum operational cost. In order to maintain a minimum operational cost, the airline

needs to make sure the aircraft stays airworthy all the time. To make the aircraft

airworthy and continue airworthy, all the above regulations must be met.

assignment air legislation 2

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