assessment of krodha (anger) with ‘novaco anger …
TRANSCRIPT
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ASSESSMENT OF KRODHA (ANGER) WITH ‘NOVACO ANGER
SCALE’ AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AND ITS RELATION
WITH DIFFERENT DEHA-MANAS PRAKRITI”
1*Dr. Madhura Subhash Mutyalwar,
2Dr. Ravindra S. Dhimdhime and
3Dr. Shilpa K. Ingle
1PG Scholar, Department of Kriya Sharir, Govrnmet Ayurved College, Osmanabad.
2Head of Department, Department of Kriya Sharir, Govrnmet Ayurved College, Osmanabad.
3Assistant Professor, Department of Kriya Sharir, Govrnmet Ayurved College, Nanded.
ABSTRACT
Prakriti is an important concept in Ayurveda to understand the nature
and severity of disease, reaction of body to the drugs
(pharmacogenomics), selection of drugs and their doses, prognosis of
the disease and preventive measures such as diet, diurnal and seasonal
regimes. Anger is one of the most prevalent behavioral problems
among the adolescents. The increasing crime rates and violent
activities of youth in India have made the researcher to focus on
aggression and anger among adolescent children. There is a need of the
proper study assessments of anger and development of prevention and
intervention modules for adolescent children. The present study is
selected because of lack of research in Ayurveda on this topic and
Anger is one of the major issue among adolescent children. If we know
that any Prakriti has certain relation with anger then we can improve the behavior of children
and anger management can be done with various types of meditation, yoga and through
specific diet also.
KEYWORDS: Krodha, Anger, Deha Prakriti, Manas Prakriti, Novaco Anger Scale.
INTRODUCTION
Ayurveda is ancient medical science dispensing knowledge of status of living body and
measure of span of life and it engross the care of physical, mental and spiritual health of
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8.084
Volume 10, Issue 2, 726-738. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105
*Corresponding Author
Dr. Madhura Subhash
Mutyalwar
PG Scholar, Department of
Kriya Sharir, Govrnmet
Ayurved College,
Osmanabad.
Article Received on
11 Dec. 2020,
Revised on 01 Jan. 2021,
Accepted on 21 Jan. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UKHBD
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human beings. Ayurveda is not only limited to body or physical health but also gives a
comprehensive knowledge about spiritual, mental and social health. Thus Ayurveda is a
qualitative, holistic science of health and longevity, a philosophy and system of therapeutic
that curing the body as well as mind. The two principle objectives of Ayurveda are
maintenance of health in healthy individual and cure of disease in diseased persons.
There are numerous fundamental principles, over which the whole science of Ayurveda
stands. Ayurveda believes that creation of universe is derived from the Prakriti or Avyakta. It
reveals that Prakriti is a principal factor for the origin of the universe. Prakriti means
individual human constitution which is decided in the womb of the mother and is formed by
the peculiarity of three Doshas i.e. Vata, Pitta & Kapha. Each Dosha is having specific effect
on anatomical, physiological and mental activities of an individual. And such effects of
qualities of Doshas may vary from person to person. The Dosha which is having more
qualities is supposed to be predominant in that particular individual. Prakriti plays very
important role in health, emotions, disease and every aspect of life. According to Ayurveda
every individual is unique. Not only each individual has different size and shape, it‟s
physiological and even psychological characters are different.
Modern Physiology is study of functions of various systems, while Ayurveda Kriya-Sharir is
study of three major biological gears of living body, namely Dhosha, Dhatu and Mala. They
together constitute living body. Each group has its own characteristics and has different role
in the homeostasis of body physiology as well as in the origination of disease.
In Kriya-Sharir one of the basic fundaments is Prakriti. It is an inherent nature of an
individual determined at the time of your birth, which cannot be changed during your whole
life. It is basic constitution of your body and mind formed by the unique combination of three
Doshas. This Prakriti of an individual is determined by following factors.
Prakriti of sperm and ovum.
Season and condition of uterus.
Food and regimes of mother.
Role of Mahabhuta comprising fetus.
Prakriti is of two types Sharirik and Manasik. Sharirik Prakriti also known as Deha Prakriti
or Doshaja Prakriti, it is due to predominance of three Doshas i.e. Vata, Pitta and Kapha
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mainly related to physical characteristics. Manasik Prakriti also known as Gunaja Prakriti it
is due to reflection of psychological effect of three Gunas i.e. Satva, Raja and Tama.
Prakriti cannot be changed during our lifetime but a lot of variability is observed in an
individual during his lifetime. This is because of Genetic (Prakrita) Doshas and Gunas which
remain constant but Vaikrita Doshas are variable as they dependent on diet, environment and
behavior of an individual.
In Prakriti analysis there are many components out of which one is Krodha (Anger).
According to Ayurved Samhita, Vata Prakriti individuals react quickly, Pitta Prakriti
individuals are very short tempered and Kapha Prakriti individuals are with less in anger.
In present fast paced life Krodha is increasingly becoming contributory factors for ill health.
Ayurveda has explained Anger as Dharneeya Vega (suppressible urge) and its importance.
According to Ayurveda, Anger is guna of Rajas and when Rajas is predominant gives rise to
emotions like Anger. In Charaka Samhitha it is mentioned that indulgence in Kama (lust),
Krodha (anger), Lobha (avarice), Irsya (jealousy), Mana (pride), Mada (vanity), Shoka
(grieve), Chinta (anxiety), Udvega (agitation), Harsha (exhilaration) causes the vitiation of
Manasik Doshas (satva, Rajas, tamas) these in turn vitiate Sharirik Doshas and cause
diseases like Jwara (fever), Atisara (diarrhea), Shosha (emaciation), Meha (diabetes) and
Kustha (skin disorders) etc.
Anger is a compounded incident. It has dispositional properties, expressive and motivational
components, situational and individual variations, cognitive and excitatory interdependent
manifestations and psycho physiological (especially neuroendocrine) aspects.
As per modern science Anger is an emotional reaction that impacts the body. A person
experience physical conditions, such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure and
increased levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Psychologist point out that an angry person
can very well be mistaken because anger cause a loss in self-monitoring capacity and
objective observability.
Anger can be defined as a part of the fight or flight brain response to the perceived threat of
pain. It is an aversive, unpleasant emotion. It is intended to generate action in order to
eradicate this uncomfortable sensation. It is coupled with physiological arousal. But it is not
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clear whether action diminishes anger or anger is used up in action. Anger is induced by
numerous factors. It is almost a universal reaction. Any threat to one's welfare (physical,
emotional, social, financial, or mental) is met with anger.
AIMS - To assess the Krodha (Anger) and its relation with different Deha and Manas
Prakriti.
OBJECTIVES
To study relation between Krodha (Anger) and deha – manas prakriti.
To assess Deha Manas prakriti along with Anger.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Type of study design
Present study is „Observational‟ type of Study.
Data collection
Permission was obtained from Respected Dean of our study Institute. One school is selected
for study by random sampling method. The School principle was approached for permission.
All the 9th
and 10th
class students were briefed about the study and informed consent form
was signed by students who are interested in this study. These students were considered for
the study. Then Deha and Manas Prakriti questionnaire along with NOVACO Anger Scale
were distributed to all the 9th
and 10th
Class students who are interested in this study.
Sample size
n = 300. Out of 300 populations, after screening, if there is any population not fulfilling the
inclusion criteria will be excluded and remaining population will be the final sample size.
Sampling technique
Purposive sampling or Judgmental sampling which comes under the type of non-probability
sampling.
Criteria for selection of study
Inclusion criteria
Apparently healthy high school students.
Adolescent Students aged between years 13 to 16 years of either sex.
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Exclusion criteria
Students with any major illness or psychological problems.
Those with age less than 13 years and more than 16 years will be excluded.
History of any psychiatric or physical illness.
Under the influence of psychotropic drugs or substance abuse.
Withdrawal criteria
Those who are not willing for participation in this study at any stage while filling the
questionnaires.
Study Instrument
1) Case report form for determination of Deha-Prakriti (Annexure-I) by „CENTRAL
COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDA AND SIDDHA‟ was used in this study for
the Assessment of Deha Prakriti.
2) Standard Manas Prakriti Assessment Questionnaire - designed and validated by
„Department of Kriya Sharir, SDM college of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan‟ was used
for Manas Prakriti determination.
3) For Assessment of Anger „NOVACO Anger Scale‟ was used. This scale consist 25 items
which identifies the kind of situation that induce anger in particular individuals.
NOVACO anger scale (provocation inventory) in conjunction with its publication by
Western Psychology Services (WPS). The PI assesses self-reported anger intensity in
response to provoking situations. This instrument was developed and validated for use
with mentally disordered and normal populations.
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OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
Deha prakriti wise distribution.
Vaat-Pitta 25%
Pitta- Vaat 27%
Pitta- Kapha 16%
Kapha- Pitta 11%
Kapha- Vaat 10%
Vata- Kapha 11% Deha Prakruti
Fig no. 7
Table no: 7 Dehaprakriti wise distrubution.
DehaPrakriti Frequency Percentage
Vaat-Pitta 76 25.33%
Pitta- Vaat 81 27%
Pitta- Kapha 46 15.33%
Kapha- Pitta 32 10.67%
Kapha- Vaat 31 10.33%
Vata- Kapha 34 11.33%
Total 300 100%
The present study shows that maximum number of students i.e. 81 (27%) were Pitta- Vaat
Prakriti while 76 (25.33%) were having Vaat-Pitta Prakriti, 46 (15.33%) were having Pitta-
Kapha Prakriti;34 (11.33 %) were having Vaat-Kapha Prakriti. 32 (10.67%) were having
Kapha-Pitta Prakriti and 31 (10.33%) were having Kapha-Vaat Prakriti.
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Manas prakriti wise distribution.
Satvik 13%
Rajasik 42%
Tamasik 45%
Manas Prakruti
Fig no. 8
Table no: 8 Manas prakriti wise distrubution.
ManasPrakriti Frequency Percentage
Satvik 39 13%
Rajasik 125 41.67%
Tamasik 136 45.33%
Total 300 100%
The present study shows that maximum number of students i.e. 136 (45.33%) were Tamasik
Prakriti while 125 (41.67%) were having Rajasik Prakriti; 39 (13%) were having Satvik
Prakriti.
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Anger level wise distribution.
High 30%
Moderate 46%
Mild 24%
Anger Level
Fig no. 9
Table no: 9 Anger level wise distribution.
Anger Level Frequency Percentage
High 90 30%
Moderate 138 46%
Mild 72 24%
Total 300 100%
The present study shows that maximum number of students i.e. 138 (46%) were having
moderate anger level while 90 (30%) were having high anger level; 72 (24%) were having
mild anger level.
DISSCUSSION
Correlation of deha prakriti and anger.
As value of p was less than 0.05, significant difference was observed between the Anger
Levelwith the DehaPrakriti. So it was concluded that statistically there is significant
Anger Level
DehaPrakriti
Total Vata-
Pitta
Vata-
Kapha
Pitta-
Kapha
Pitta-
Vata
Kapha
- Pitta
Kapha-
Vata
High 36 3 8 36 4 3 90
Moderate 29 22 25 32 17 13 138
Mild 11 9 13 13 11 15 72
Total 76 34 46 81 32 31 300
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association found between Anger Level with the DehaPrakriti. So Vata- Pitta DehaPrakriti
and Pitta-VataDehaPrakriti is strongly associated with High Anger Level.
In Ayurvedic ancient texts information has been quoted by various acharyas about Deha
Prakriti lakshanas related with Anger as following.
1. In Vaat Prakriti- Charaka Aacharya mention Vaat Prakriti Individuals are having
Shighra Raagviraag (easily gets Angry and easily calm down) due to Shighra Guna of
Vaat Dosha, Sushruta Aacharya quoted that people having Vaat Prakriti are Krathi or
Krodhai (Angry) and according to Ashtanga Samgraha Vaat Prakriti individuals are
Shighra Kshobh (easily gets Angry).
2. In Pitta Prakriti- Sushruta Aacharya explain Pitta Prakriti persons are having Kshipra
Prakop (Short Temper), according to Ashtang Hridyam Pitta Prakriti Persons are
Krodhai (Angry) and have lakshana Krodhaen ragamvilochnani (eyes turns red due to
Anger), Ashtanga Samgraha mention Pitta Prakriti individuals have Tikshna Krodha
(intense Anger), and in Bhel Samhita Pitta Prakriti persons refer as they have Krodha
(Anger).
3. In Kapha Prakriti- Aacharya Charaka quoted Kapha Prakriti lakshana as Ashighra
kshobh (does not gets Angry easily) and Aalpa Santap (have less Anger), Ashtanga
Hrudaya mention Kapha Prakriti persons are having Alpa Krodha (less Anger), same as
Ashtang Samgraha.
In this present study it is proved statistically that Pitta-Vaata and Vaata-Pitta students show
high anger level. So literary and practically observations are same.
Thus according to above data, Persons having Vaat-Pitta and Pitta-Vata Prakriti are of High
Anger level and Kapha-Vaata Prakriti having students are of mild Anger level shows
observed result establish correct.
14. Correlation of manas prakriti and anger.
Anger Level ManasPrakriti
Total Satvik Rajasik Tamsik
High 1 63 26 90
Moderate 11 42 85 138
Mild 28 19 25 72
Total 40 124 136 300
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After applying Chi-Square test, value of p was less than 0.05, so significant difference was
observed between the Anger levels with the Manas Prakriti. So it was concluded that
statistically there is significant association found between Anger Level with the Manas
Prakriti. So Rajasik Prakriti strongly associated with High Anger Level, while Tamasik
Prakriti is associated with Moderate Anger Level and Satvik Prakriti is associated with Mild
Anger Level.
In Ayurvedic ancient texts information has been quoted about Manas Prakriti, that person
having Satvik Prakriti has control over Anger because of satva guna lakshana (Dharma,
Aastikya, Dnyaan, Buddhi, Medha, Smruti e.t.c.), person having Rajas Prakriti have intense
Anger because of Raja Dosha lakshana (Dukhabahula, Ahamkar, Dambha, Mana, Harsha,
Kaam, Krodha e.t.c.), and in Tamas Prakriti the person becomes occasionally angery because
of Tama Dosha (Vishaditva, Naastikya, Adnyan, Durdharma e.t.c.).
CONCLUSION
The present study entitled as “ASSESSMENT OF KRODHA (ANGER) WITH „NOVACO
ANGER SCALE‟ AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH
DIFFERENT DEHA-MANAS PRAKRITI” was undertaken to determine the exact relation
between Deha-Manas Prakriti and Krodha in detail. After going through a cautious practical
and theoretical study and detail conceptual literature, statistical analysis and discussion
following conclusion are drown from the study which can be categorize in two headings.
I. Conclusion from the conceptual study:
Pitta Prakriti laksanas includes (Klesa asahsinuta) Intolerance to distressing Conditions,
(Ksipra Kopa) Gets angry easily (Usna-tiksna-gunavan) Hot and sharp temperament.
Kapha Prakriti laksanas consist of (Klesa-sahishnu) Tolerant to distressing situation,
(Alpa Santapa) Not easily prone to Krodha and (Asighra Ksobha) Does not get a irritated
easily.
Vata Prakriti laksanas includes (Krathi / Krodhi) Angry (Seeghra Samarambha-
Kshodha-Vikara) Get disturbed and pleased easily.
Charaka and Sushrut Samhita quoted Vata Prakriti person is short temper but easily get
rid of anger. Pitta Prakriti has more anger according to Sushrut and Vagbhata acharya.
And in Kapha Prakriti person they enclose less anger according to Charaka and
Vagbhata Acharya.
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In Manas Prakriti, person having Satvik Prakriti has control over Anger, person having
Rajas Prakriti have intense Anger, and in Tamas Prakriti the person always in anger.
Bramha Prakriti subtype of Satvik Prakriti people have qualities like successful in
keeping away from Krodha.
Asura Prakriti Subtype of Rajas Prakriti having qualities like (Chandam) that means
intense Angry. The Asura Prakriti person is angry in nature.
Matsya satva subtype of Tamas Prakriti having qualities like (Anushkta Kama-Krodha)
means having anger (wrathful) all time.
II. Conclusion from the statically study:
In present study, statistically there is significant association found between Anger Level
with the Deha and Manas Prakriti.
In dvindwaj Prakriti Vataj-Pitta and Pittaj-Vata Deha Prakriti is strongly associated with
High Anger Level.
In Pradhantam Prakriti, Pittaj Prakriti has been strongly associated with High Anger
Level; Vataj Prakriti associated with Moderate Anger Level while Kaphaj Prakriti
associated with Low Anger Level.
In Manas Prakriti, Satvik Prakriti associated with Low Anger Level; Tamasik Prakriti
associated with Moderate Anger level and Rajasik Prakriti strongly associated with High
Anger Level.
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