aspergers syndrome
TRANSCRIPT
Aspergers Syndrome
By Kimmer Collison-Ris
MSN FNP-C WOCNImages by Bing amp Google Images
ldquoIndividuals with autism also have gifts The gifts of autism occur as a result of the strong visual abilities attention to minute details unusual interests and amazing memory Other common traits such as honesty naivetegrave gentleness compliance and perfectionism are exceedingly refreshing and unexpected in this increasingly cynical worldrdquo
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Aspergers Syndrome Autism Spectrum Disorders include autistic disorder aspergers
childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (usually referred to as PDD-NOS)
Aspergers is a neurological difference that (mainly) affects social interaction It hinders or alters emotional processing and a persons ability to read facial cues and body language Social convention the unspoken social rules of conduct all these confuse them Its as if everyone else has GPS while they themselves barely have a compass
Sensory issues also figure highly in the AS experience sight sound taste smell and touch Reactions to sensory aversions or overload can include tics withdrawal and soothing behaviors
Is a type of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) that is similar to autism Individuals wAspergers typically function better than those
with autism
symptoms vary from mild to severe
generally have normal intelligence
have near-normal language development
may develop problems communicating wincreased age
Are at risk for developing other conditions depression
ADHD
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Aspergers
Experts estimate that as many as 1 in 88 children age 8 will have an autism spectrum disorder
Often symptoms of Aspergers are confused with other behavioral diagnoses involving attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
many persons affected by Aspergers are initially diagnosed with ADHD until it becomes obvious that their difficulties originate from an inability to socialize verses an inability to focus their attention
Diagnosis Present from infancy or early childhood Severity of communication amp behavioral deficits Variable degree of disability may respond to sensory aspects of their environment with
unusual indifference or excessive interest
Aspergershellip
Often-lack the ability to ldquosee thingsrdquo from the other personrsquos perspective-have an inability to understand the intent behind another personrsquos actions words amp behaviors-may miss humor amp other implications-may not instinctually respond to ldquouniversalrdquo nonverbal cues --ie smile frown or ldquocome hererdquo motion--might speak too loudly when entering a church service or a room with a sleeping baby ndash and not understand when ldquoshushedrdquo ldquoThe major source of stress in life for
the person with Aspergers Syndrome is social contact and increased stress generally leads to anxiety disorders and depressionrdquo
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148
Asperger Sx
Pasted from lthttpwwwbingcomimagessearchq=Autism+Spectrum+Disorders+ListampForm=IQFRDRgt
Symptoms list
Environmental factors likely to cause ASD Gut dysbiosis
especially in combination with vaccines and their additives like mercury (thimerosal) aluminum and others which are known to damage your mitochondriamdashthe powerhouses in your bodys cells that produce energy
Vitamin D deficiency The link between vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and the proportionate jump in autism
has been highlighted by Dr John Cannell Vitamin D receptors appear in a wide variety of brain tissue early in the fetal development and
activated vitamin D receptors increase nerve growth in your brain ldquoI believe vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a MAJOR contributing factor to autism
especially when you consider that vitamin D also helps in the detoxification of mercuryrdquo Without sufficient amounts of vitamin D any subsequent toxic assaultsmdashregardless of the
sourcemdashwill be further magnified
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from cell phones cell towers Wi-Fi devices which can trap heavy metals inside of nerve cells
accelerate heavy metal toxicity and hinder natural detoxification processes
Microbial toxins such as mold Children with autism not only have overwhelmed detoxification pathways and often heavy metal toxicity but according to Dr Klinghardt their bodies are also frequently beset by toxic microbes
Causes
Causeshellip
Gender Differences
httpadasperdownblogspotcom201102aspergers-and-girls-girls-withhtml
Characteristics
httpwwwaspergerslivingcomaspergers-diagnosis-gillberg
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
ldquoIndividuals with autism also have gifts The gifts of autism occur as a result of the strong visual abilities attention to minute details unusual interests and amazing memory Other common traits such as honesty naivetegrave gentleness compliance and perfectionism are exceedingly refreshing and unexpected in this increasingly cynical worldrdquo
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Aspergers Syndrome Autism Spectrum Disorders include autistic disorder aspergers
childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (usually referred to as PDD-NOS)
Aspergers is a neurological difference that (mainly) affects social interaction It hinders or alters emotional processing and a persons ability to read facial cues and body language Social convention the unspoken social rules of conduct all these confuse them Its as if everyone else has GPS while they themselves barely have a compass
Sensory issues also figure highly in the AS experience sight sound taste smell and touch Reactions to sensory aversions or overload can include tics withdrawal and soothing behaviors
Is a type of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) that is similar to autism Individuals wAspergers typically function better than those
with autism
symptoms vary from mild to severe
generally have normal intelligence
have near-normal language development
may develop problems communicating wincreased age
Are at risk for developing other conditions depression
ADHD
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Aspergers
Experts estimate that as many as 1 in 88 children age 8 will have an autism spectrum disorder
Often symptoms of Aspergers are confused with other behavioral diagnoses involving attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
many persons affected by Aspergers are initially diagnosed with ADHD until it becomes obvious that their difficulties originate from an inability to socialize verses an inability to focus their attention
Diagnosis Present from infancy or early childhood Severity of communication amp behavioral deficits Variable degree of disability may respond to sensory aspects of their environment with
unusual indifference or excessive interest
Aspergershellip
Often-lack the ability to ldquosee thingsrdquo from the other personrsquos perspective-have an inability to understand the intent behind another personrsquos actions words amp behaviors-may miss humor amp other implications-may not instinctually respond to ldquouniversalrdquo nonverbal cues --ie smile frown or ldquocome hererdquo motion--might speak too loudly when entering a church service or a room with a sleeping baby ndash and not understand when ldquoshushedrdquo ldquoThe major source of stress in life for
the person with Aspergers Syndrome is social contact and increased stress generally leads to anxiety disorders and depressionrdquo
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148
Asperger Sx
Pasted from lthttpwwwbingcomimagessearchq=Autism+Spectrum+Disorders+ListampForm=IQFRDRgt
Symptoms list
Environmental factors likely to cause ASD Gut dysbiosis
especially in combination with vaccines and their additives like mercury (thimerosal) aluminum and others which are known to damage your mitochondriamdashthe powerhouses in your bodys cells that produce energy
Vitamin D deficiency The link between vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and the proportionate jump in autism
has been highlighted by Dr John Cannell Vitamin D receptors appear in a wide variety of brain tissue early in the fetal development and
activated vitamin D receptors increase nerve growth in your brain ldquoI believe vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a MAJOR contributing factor to autism
especially when you consider that vitamin D also helps in the detoxification of mercuryrdquo Without sufficient amounts of vitamin D any subsequent toxic assaultsmdashregardless of the
sourcemdashwill be further magnified
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from cell phones cell towers Wi-Fi devices which can trap heavy metals inside of nerve cells
accelerate heavy metal toxicity and hinder natural detoxification processes
Microbial toxins such as mold Children with autism not only have overwhelmed detoxification pathways and often heavy metal toxicity but according to Dr Klinghardt their bodies are also frequently beset by toxic microbes
Causes
Causeshellip
Gender Differences
httpadasperdownblogspotcom201102aspergers-and-girls-girls-withhtml
Characteristics
httpwwwaspergerslivingcomaspergers-diagnosis-gillberg
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Aspergers Syndrome Autism Spectrum Disorders include autistic disorder aspergers
childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (usually referred to as PDD-NOS)
Aspergers is a neurological difference that (mainly) affects social interaction It hinders or alters emotional processing and a persons ability to read facial cues and body language Social convention the unspoken social rules of conduct all these confuse them Its as if everyone else has GPS while they themselves barely have a compass
Sensory issues also figure highly in the AS experience sight sound taste smell and touch Reactions to sensory aversions or overload can include tics withdrawal and soothing behaviors
Is a type of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) that is similar to autism Individuals wAspergers typically function better than those
with autism
symptoms vary from mild to severe
generally have normal intelligence
have near-normal language development
may develop problems communicating wincreased age
Are at risk for developing other conditions depression
ADHD
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Aspergers
Experts estimate that as many as 1 in 88 children age 8 will have an autism spectrum disorder
Often symptoms of Aspergers are confused with other behavioral diagnoses involving attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
many persons affected by Aspergers are initially diagnosed with ADHD until it becomes obvious that their difficulties originate from an inability to socialize verses an inability to focus their attention
Diagnosis Present from infancy or early childhood Severity of communication amp behavioral deficits Variable degree of disability may respond to sensory aspects of their environment with
unusual indifference or excessive interest
Aspergershellip
Often-lack the ability to ldquosee thingsrdquo from the other personrsquos perspective-have an inability to understand the intent behind another personrsquos actions words amp behaviors-may miss humor amp other implications-may not instinctually respond to ldquouniversalrdquo nonverbal cues --ie smile frown or ldquocome hererdquo motion--might speak too loudly when entering a church service or a room with a sleeping baby ndash and not understand when ldquoshushedrdquo ldquoThe major source of stress in life for
the person with Aspergers Syndrome is social contact and increased stress generally leads to anxiety disorders and depressionrdquo
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148
Asperger Sx
Pasted from lthttpwwwbingcomimagessearchq=Autism+Spectrum+Disorders+ListampForm=IQFRDRgt
Symptoms list
Environmental factors likely to cause ASD Gut dysbiosis
especially in combination with vaccines and their additives like mercury (thimerosal) aluminum and others which are known to damage your mitochondriamdashthe powerhouses in your bodys cells that produce energy
Vitamin D deficiency The link between vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and the proportionate jump in autism
has been highlighted by Dr John Cannell Vitamin D receptors appear in a wide variety of brain tissue early in the fetal development and
activated vitamin D receptors increase nerve growth in your brain ldquoI believe vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a MAJOR contributing factor to autism
especially when you consider that vitamin D also helps in the detoxification of mercuryrdquo Without sufficient amounts of vitamin D any subsequent toxic assaultsmdashregardless of the
sourcemdashwill be further magnified
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from cell phones cell towers Wi-Fi devices which can trap heavy metals inside of nerve cells
accelerate heavy metal toxicity and hinder natural detoxification processes
Microbial toxins such as mold Children with autism not only have overwhelmed detoxification pathways and often heavy metal toxicity but according to Dr Klinghardt their bodies are also frequently beset by toxic microbes
Causes
Causeshellip
Gender Differences
httpadasperdownblogspotcom201102aspergers-and-girls-girls-withhtml
Characteristics
httpwwwaspergerslivingcomaspergers-diagnosis-gillberg
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Is a type of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) that is similar to autism Individuals wAspergers typically function better than those
with autism
symptoms vary from mild to severe
generally have normal intelligence
have near-normal language development
may develop problems communicating wincreased age
Are at risk for developing other conditions depression
ADHD
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Aspergers
Experts estimate that as many as 1 in 88 children age 8 will have an autism spectrum disorder
Often symptoms of Aspergers are confused with other behavioral diagnoses involving attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
many persons affected by Aspergers are initially diagnosed with ADHD until it becomes obvious that their difficulties originate from an inability to socialize verses an inability to focus their attention
Diagnosis Present from infancy or early childhood Severity of communication amp behavioral deficits Variable degree of disability may respond to sensory aspects of their environment with
unusual indifference or excessive interest
Aspergershellip
Often-lack the ability to ldquosee thingsrdquo from the other personrsquos perspective-have an inability to understand the intent behind another personrsquos actions words amp behaviors-may miss humor amp other implications-may not instinctually respond to ldquouniversalrdquo nonverbal cues --ie smile frown or ldquocome hererdquo motion--might speak too loudly when entering a church service or a room with a sleeping baby ndash and not understand when ldquoshushedrdquo ldquoThe major source of stress in life for
the person with Aspergers Syndrome is social contact and increased stress generally leads to anxiety disorders and depressionrdquo
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148
Asperger Sx
Pasted from lthttpwwwbingcomimagessearchq=Autism+Spectrum+Disorders+ListampForm=IQFRDRgt
Symptoms list
Environmental factors likely to cause ASD Gut dysbiosis
especially in combination with vaccines and their additives like mercury (thimerosal) aluminum and others which are known to damage your mitochondriamdashthe powerhouses in your bodys cells that produce energy
Vitamin D deficiency The link between vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and the proportionate jump in autism
has been highlighted by Dr John Cannell Vitamin D receptors appear in a wide variety of brain tissue early in the fetal development and
activated vitamin D receptors increase nerve growth in your brain ldquoI believe vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a MAJOR contributing factor to autism
especially when you consider that vitamin D also helps in the detoxification of mercuryrdquo Without sufficient amounts of vitamin D any subsequent toxic assaultsmdashregardless of the
sourcemdashwill be further magnified
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from cell phones cell towers Wi-Fi devices which can trap heavy metals inside of nerve cells
accelerate heavy metal toxicity and hinder natural detoxification processes
Microbial toxins such as mold Children with autism not only have overwhelmed detoxification pathways and often heavy metal toxicity but according to Dr Klinghardt their bodies are also frequently beset by toxic microbes
Causes
Causeshellip
Gender Differences
httpadasperdownblogspotcom201102aspergers-and-girls-girls-withhtml
Characteristics
httpwwwaspergerslivingcomaspergers-diagnosis-gillberg
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Experts estimate that as many as 1 in 88 children age 8 will have an autism spectrum disorder
Often symptoms of Aspergers are confused with other behavioral diagnoses involving attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
many persons affected by Aspergers are initially diagnosed with ADHD until it becomes obvious that their difficulties originate from an inability to socialize verses an inability to focus their attention
Diagnosis Present from infancy or early childhood Severity of communication amp behavioral deficits Variable degree of disability may respond to sensory aspects of their environment with
unusual indifference or excessive interest
Aspergershellip
Often-lack the ability to ldquosee thingsrdquo from the other personrsquos perspective-have an inability to understand the intent behind another personrsquos actions words amp behaviors-may miss humor amp other implications-may not instinctually respond to ldquouniversalrdquo nonverbal cues --ie smile frown or ldquocome hererdquo motion--might speak too loudly when entering a church service or a room with a sleeping baby ndash and not understand when ldquoshushedrdquo ldquoThe major source of stress in life for
the person with Aspergers Syndrome is social contact and increased stress generally leads to anxiety disorders and depressionrdquo
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148
Asperger Sx
Pasted from lthttpwwwbingcomimagessearchq=Autism+Spectrum+Disorders+ListampForm=IQFRDRgt
Symptoms list
Environmental factors likely to cause ASD Gut dysbiosis
especially in combination with vaccines and their additives like mercury (thimerosal) aluminum and others which are known to damage your mitochondriamdashthe powerhouses in your bodys cells that produce energy
Vitamin D deficiency The link between vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and the proportionate jump in autism
has been highlighted by Dr John Cannell Vitamin D receptors appear in a wide variety of brain tissue early in the fetal development and
activated vitamin D receptors increase nerve growth in your brain ldquoI believe vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a MAJOR contributing factor to autism
especially when you consider that vitamin D also helps in the detoxification of mercuryrdquo Without sufficient amounts of vitamin D any subsequent toxic assaultsmdashregardless of the
sourcemdashwill be further magnified
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from cell phones cell towers Wi-Fi devices which can trap heavy metals inside of nerve cells
accelerate heavy metal toxicity and hinder natural detoxification processes
Microbial toxins such as mold Children with autism not only have overwhelmed detoxification pathways and often heavy metal toxicity but according to Dr Klinghardt their bodies are also frequently beset by toxic microbes
Causes
Causeshellip
Gender Differences
httpadasperdownblogspotcom201102aspergers-and-girls-girls-withhtml
Characteristics
httpwwwaspergerslivingcomaspergers-diagnosis-gillberg
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Often-lack the ability to ldquosee thingsrdquo from the other personrsquos perspective-have an inability to understand the intent behind another personrsquos actions words amp behaviors-may miss humor amp other implications-may not instinctually respond to ldquouniversalrdquo nonverbal cues --ie smile frown or ldquocome hererdquo motion--might speak too loudly when entering a church service or a room with a sleeping baby ndash and not understand when ldquoshushedrdquo ldquoThe major source of stress in life for
the person with Aspergers Syndrome is social contact and increased stress generally leads to anxiety disorders and depressionrdquo
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148
Asperger Sx
Pasted from lthttpwwwbingcomimagessearchq=Autism+Spectrum+Disorders+ListampForm=IQFRDRgt
Symptoms list
Environmental factors likely to cause ASD Gut dysbiosis
especially in combination with vaccines and their additives like mercury (thimerosal) aluminum and others which are known to damage your mitochondriamdashthe powerhouses in your bodys cells that produce energy
Vitamin D deficiency The link between vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and the proportionate jump in autism
has been highlighted by Dr John Cannell Vitamin D receptors appear in a wide variety of brain tissue early in the fetal development and
activated vitamin D receptors increase nerve growth in your brain ldquoI believe vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a MAJOR contributing factor to autism
especially when you consider that vitamin D also helps in the detoxification of mercuryrdquo Without sufficient amounts of vitamin D any subsequent toxic assaultsmdashregardless of the
sourcemdashwill be further magnified
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from cell phones cell towers Wi-Fi devices which can trap heavy metals inside of nerve cells
accelerate heavy metal toxicity and hinder natural detoxification processes
Microbial toxins such as mold Children with autism not only have overwhelmed detoxification pathways and often heavy metal toxicity but according to Dr Klinghardt their bodies are also frequently beset by toxic microbes
Causes
Causeshellip
Gender Differences
httpadasperdownblogspotcom201102aspergers-and-girls-girls-withhtml
Characteristics
httpwwwaspergerslivingcomaspergers-diagnosis-gillberg
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Symptoms list
Environmental factors likely to cause ASD Gut dysbiosis
especially in combination with vaccines and their additives like mercury (thimerosal) aluminum and others which are known to damage your mitochondriamdashthe powerhouses in your bodys cells that produce energy
Vitamin D deficiency The link between vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and the proportionate jump in autism
has been highlighted by Dr John Cannell Vitamin D receptors appear in a wide variety of brain tissue early in the fetal development and
activated vitamin D receptors increase nerve growth in your brain ldquoI believe vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a MAJOR contributing factor to autism
especially when you consider that vitamin D also helps in the detoxification of mercuryrdquo Without sufficient amounts of vitamin D any subsequent toxic assaultsmdashregardless of the
sourcemdashwill be further magnified
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from cell phones cell towers Wi-Fi devices which can trap heavy metals inside of nerve cells
accelerate heavy metal toxicity and hinder natural detoxification processes
Microbial toxins such as mold Children with autism not only have overwhelmed detoxification pathways and often heavy metal toxicity but according to Dr Klinghardt their bodies are also frequently beset by toxic microbes
Causes
Causeshellip
Gender Differences
httpadasperdownblogspotcom201102aspergers-and-girls-girls-withhtml
Characteristics
httpwwwaspergerslivingcomaspergers-diagnosis-gillberg
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Environmental factors likely to cause ASD Gut dysbiosis
especially in combination with vaccines and their additives like mercury (thimerosal) aluminum and others which are known to damage your mitochondriamdashthe powerhouses in your bodys cells that produce energy
Vitamin D deficiency The link between vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and the proportionate jump in autism
has been highlighted by Dr John Cannell Vitamin D receptors appear in a wide variety of brain tissue early in the fetal development and
activated vitamin D receptors increase nerve growth in your brain ldquoI believe vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a MAJOR contributing factor to autism
especially when you consider that vitamin D also helps in the detoxification of mercuryrdquo Without sufficient amounts of vitamin D any subsequent toxic assaultsmdashregardless of the
sourcemdashwill be further magnified
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from cell phones cell towers Wi-Fi devices which can trap heavy metals inside of nerve cells
accelerate heavy metal toxicity and hinder natural detoxification processes
Microbial toxins such as mold Children with autism not only have overwhelmed detoxification pathways and often heavy metal toxicity but according to Dr Klinghardt their bodies are also frequently beset by toxic microbes
Causes
Causeshellip
Gender Differences
httpadasperdownblogspotcom201102aspergers-and-girls-girls-withhtml
Characteristics
httpwwwaspergerslivingcomaspergers-diagnosis-gillberg
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Causeshellip
Gender Differences
httpadasperdownblogspotcom201102aspergers-and-girls-girls-withhtml
Characteristics
httpwwwaspergerslivingcomaspergers-diagnosis-gillberg
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Gender Differences
httpadasperdownblogspotcom201102aspergers-and-girls-girls-withhtml
Characteristics
httpwwwaspergerslivingcomaspergers-diagnosis-gillberg
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Characteristics
httpwwwaspergerslivingcomaspergers-diagnosis-gillberg
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Recently Aspergers was taken out of the American Psychiatric Institutes Manual theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) It was subsumed in the criteria for autism Here is thatAutism Spectrum Disorder 29900 (F840)
A Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging for example from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests emotions or affect to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
2 Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging for example from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3 Deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging for example from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative paly or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
B Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following currently or by history (examples are illustrative not exhaustive see text) 1 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements use of objects or speech (eg simple motor stereotypies lining up toys or flipping objects echolalia idiosyncratic phrases)
2 Insistence on sameness inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior (eg extreme distress at small changes difficulties with transitions rigid thinking patterns greeting rituals need to take same route or eat food every day)
DSM-V Criteria
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
3 Highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (eg strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest)
4 Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment (eg apparent indifference to paintemperature adverse response to specific sounds or textures excessive smelling or touching of objects visual fascination with lights or movement)
Specify current severity
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior (see Table 2)
C Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities or may be masked by learned strategies in later life)
D Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational or other important areas of current functioning
E These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level
Note Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder Aspergerrsquos disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder
DSM-V Criteriahellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
The social communication deficits in highly functioning persons with Asperger syndrome include
lack of the normal back and forth conversation
lack of typical eye contact body language amp facial expression
trouble maintaining relationships
fixated interests
repetitive behaviors include
repetitive use of objects or phrases
stereotyped movements
excessive attachment to routines objects or interests
Behaviorshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Speech marked by
lack of rhythm
an odd inflection
or a monotone pitch
often lack ability to modulate voice volume to match surroundings
Behaviorshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
In addition to the core symptoms children often exhibit other problem behaviors which can contribute overall impairment amp become the focus of clinical attention re
aggression
hyperactivity
anxiety
May approach others but make normal conversation difficult w
eccentric behaviors or
exclusively talking about their singular interest
are often awkward amp poorly coordinated with walk appearing stilted or bouncy
AS children are
easily overwhelmed
highly sensitive
often engage in rituals
often anxiousworried
Common Behaviors
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Language Useage bull Rote skills are strong
bull Prosody-speech volume intonation inflection rate-is frequently deficient or unusualbull Excessively formal or pedantic languagebull Misused or not used cultural slang or social idiomsbull Concrete language rather than abstractbull Weak pragmatic-conversational-skillsbull Problems with taking turns in conversationsbull Typically revert to favorite topic area bull Difficulty understanding humorbull Laugh at ldquowrong timerdquo with jokes or interactionsbull Many have good sense of humorbull Usually like word games and punsbull Hyper-verbal (highly developed vocabularies)bull Early years repetitive phrases or language or stock phrases from memorized materialbull Some have normal or early language development others have speech delays then rapidly catch up making diagnosis between AS autism and speech disorders difficult
Behaviorshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
ldquoChildren evidence more co-occurring maladaptive behaviors than their typically developing peers and peers with intellectual disability because of other etiologiesrdquo
Maladaptive behaviors restricted activities and interests repetitive thoughts and behaviors social and behavioral abnormalities self-injury attack against others destruction of property aggression hyperactivity withdrawal
Poor Social SkillsSocialization Social withdrawl language and coding problems cognitive deficit Low social competency inattention impaired communication skills comprehension problems lower conversation skills Impaired social relatedness
Common Behaviorshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Asperger children are isolated because 2ir poor social skills amp narrow interests
primary feature of Aspergers is passion of favorite topic or special interests
Tend to gather enormous amounts of factual information about favorite subject
will talk incessantly about subject
conversation may appear as random collection of factsstatistics wo focal point or conclusion
Areas typically include- math- science- reading - history - geography- social studies- meteorology- astronomy- extraterrestrials- weather- music- machines or machinery- trains- dinosaurs- maps- space travel
Interests
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Sleep disorders are more common in persons wASD
Studies have shown that some children with autism dont release melatonin at the correct times of day Instead they have high levels of melatonin during the daytime and lower levels at night This is often due to low tryptophan levels which help produce melanin
Research demonstrates a connection between lack of sleep and these characteristics
Aggression
Depression
Hyperactivity
Increased behavioral problems
Irritability
Poor learning and cognitive performance
Common Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep
Inconsistent sleep routines
Restlessness or poor sleep quality
Waking early and waking frequently abruptly
increased sensitivity to outside stimuli such as touch or sound
Other causes
Anxiety can adversely affect sleep
Children with ASD tend to test higher than other children for anxiety
Sleep Disorders
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
DSM codes
Autistic disorder 29900
Aspergerrsquos disorder 29980
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 30002
Other conditions often co-existing with Asperger syndrome are
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
tic disorders (ieTourette syndrome)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Diagnoses amp Common Codes
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Ando H and Yoshimura I (1979)Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders March 1979 Volume 9 Issue 1 pp 83-93 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101007BF01531295
Attwood T Aspergers Syndrome A Guide for Parents and Professionals 1998 p 148 Hartley SL Sikora DM and McCoy R (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of maladaptive
behaviour in young children with Autistic Disorder Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 52 Issue 10 pages 819ndash829 October 2008 DOI 101111j1365-2788200801065x Retrieved from httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1365-2788200801065xabstractdeniedAccessCustomisedMessage=ampuserIsAuthenticated=false
Janzen J E (1999) Autism Facts and strategies for Parents p 151 Kraijer K (2000) Review of Adaptive Behavior Studies in Mentally Retarded Persons
with AutismPervasive Developmental Disorder Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 2000 Volume 30 Issue 1 pp 39-47 Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle101023A1005460027636
McDougle CJ Naylor ST Cohen DJ Volkmar FR Heninger GR Price LH (1996) A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in Adults With Autistic Disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 199653(11)1001-1008 doi101001archpsyc199601830110037005 Retrieved from httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=497673
Mercolacom (2014) Environmental Toxins linked to rise in autism Retrieved from httparticlesmercolacomsitesarticlesarchive20140402environmental-toxin-exposureaspx
References
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
NIH (2014) What is Aspergers Retrieved from httpwwwnindsnihgovdisordersaspergerdetail_aspergerhtm
httpnymagcomnewsfeaturesautism-spectrum-2012-11 httpwwwsoundpsychcomasp2html Sukhodolsky DG Scahill L Gadow KD Arnold LE Aman MG
McDougle CJ McCracken JT Tierney E White SW Lecavalier L and Vitiello B (2008) Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology January 2008 Volume 36 Issue 1 pp 117-128
Retrieved from httplinkspringercomarticle10100 WebMD (2014) Aspergers Retrieved from
httpwwwwebmdcombrainautismmental-health-aspergers-syndrome
Williams K (1995) Understanding the student with Aspergers Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers Focus on Autistic Behavior Vol 10 2
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip
Help4aspergers (2014) What is Aspergers Syndrome Retrieved from httpwwwhelp4aspergerscompbwp_b5b62f86wp_b5b62f86html
Referenceshellip