ASHLEY DAVISASHLEY DAVIS

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Chapter 13Chapter 13

Two Golden Ages of China

The Han dynasty collapsed in 220, leaving china to remain divided for nearly 400 years

Various dynasties rose and fell in South China

The emperor of the Sui dynasty[589-618] reunited Northern and Southern China

Tang Dynasty was established in 618 taking power

Chapter 13

Spread of Civilizations in East Asia500-1650

Tang Dynasty Achievements

Rebuilt bureaurcracy and enlarged the civil service system

Set up schools Strengthened the central government Encouraged internal trade and

transportation In 907 the Tang Dynasty declined

The Tang Dynasty Tang rulers of the Tang Dynasty carried

empire building to new heights, conquering territories deep into Central Asia, allowing many students from around the world to come to the Tang Dynasty capital to study law and the arts. Tang rulers such as an early Empress Wu Zhao helped restore the system of the uniform government through out China. Tang emperors also instituted the system of land reforms, which allowed many peasants a chance at living.

Song Dynasty

In 960 the Song Dynasty was founded and ruled for 319 years

Chinese wealth dominated East Asia during this time

Chinese economy expanded Foreign trade flourished Many new irrigation systems were

formed

Chinese Society China’s two main social classes were

the gentry and peasants Gentry- valued learning and the

Confucian thought. Mostly consisted of scholar officials of the court or wealthy landowning class

Peasants- most of the Chinese people who worked the land, living on what they produced.

Chinese Society Conti.

• Merchants-acquired vast wealth but were looked down at by the Confucian people who thought they lived off their labor because of greed.

• Status of women- were higher than the time of the Song and Tang Dynasty. Women had authority over their children and helpers. But some women had to undergo the painful custom of foot binding. The Chinese people would bind the feet of women so they would stay small. It became a symbol of beauty and nobility when a women had small feet.

Arts and LiteratureArts and Literature

Buddhist themes dominated sculpture and Buddhist themes dominated sculpture and influenced Chinese architectureinfluenced Chinese architecture

Chinese perfected porcelain, developed Chinese perfected porcelain, developed beautiful glazes to decorate vases, tea beautiful glazes to decorate vases, tea cups. Etccups. Etc

Prose and poetry flowed through the Prose and poetry flowed through the writers of Chinawriters of China

The greatest poet was Li Bo, a zestful lover The greatest poet was Li Bo, a zestful lover of life and freedomof life and freedom

TermsTerms

Usurp- illegally taking ones position Usurp- illegally taking ones position or rankor rank

Tributary States- states that sent Tributary States- states that sent regular tributes to one countryregular tributes to one country

Land reform-the breaking up of lad Land reform-the breaking up of lad or agriculture and redistributing it or agriculture and redistributing it among other peopleamong other people

Gentry- wealthy landowning classGentry- wealthy landowning class Pagoda- a temple that curves up at Pagoda- a temple that curves up at

the cornersthe corners

The Mongol and Ming EmpireThe Mongol and Ming Empire

• Mongols were nomadic people• Under the leadership of Genghiz Mongol forces won

many victories• Mongol forces conquered Asian steppes• Mongols ruled with toleration and justice• Trade flourished in Eurasia• Exported: food, tools, new inventions and ideas• Mongol empire continued to prosper contacts between

Europe and Asia

Government

Under the rule of Kublai Khan jobs were only given to non- Chinese officials

Khan rebuilt and extended the great Canal Allowed Chinese to rule provinces Mongol empire prospered under his rule The Ming Dynasty took over and wanted to

assert Chinese rule once more The Ming Dynasty was very productive and

flourished Had many new ideas for art and influenced

many other countries

Korea and Its Traditions

70 percent of Korea is covered by mountainsKorea has a 5400mile coastline with hundreds of harborsBetween 300-600 A.D three separate Kingdoms were built, North Korea, Southwest Korea, and Southeast Korea The three kingdoms warred with each other over many yearsThey were mostly influenced by the Chinese to some extent

Ming rulers sent Chinese fleets into distant waters. The most memorable venture was that of the admiral Zheng He

In 1405 Zheng He commanded the first expedition of China

The goal of the expedition was to promote trade and collect tribute from lesser powers

Between 1405 and 1433 Zheng He had traveled to the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and East Africa, because of the expedition many other countries saw the power of the Middle Kingdom

QuestionsQuestions

1.The Mongols played a significant role in 1.The Mongols played a significant role in Russian history by:Russian history by:

1. supporting Czar Nicholas II during the 1. supporting Czar Nicholas II during the Russian Revolution Russian Revolution

 2. supporting the rule of Ivan the Terrible  2. supporting the rule of Ivan the Terrible

 3. ending the reign of Catherine the Great  3. ending the reign of Catherine the Great

 4. isolating Russia from Western Europe  4. isolating Russia from Western Europe during the early Renaissance during the early Renaissance

The longest Dynasty

The longest dynasty was Choson The Dynasty reduced Buddhist

influenced and set up a government based on Confucianism

Korea and Japan• While maintaining its own identity,

Korea served as a cultural bridge, connecting China and Japan

• The ocean allowed Japan to preserved its distinct culture while allowing it to select religious, political, and artistic traditions from China

• Japan created a feudal society that was ruled by Lords

2.Korea greatly influenced the development of early Japan by:

 1. acting as a bridge for ideas from China

 2. providing Japan with the technology for industrialization

 3. serving as a barrier against Chinese aggression

 4. protecting Japan from early European exploration

3. Japan between 1603 and 1868, the 3. Japan between 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was theTokugawa Shogunate was the

1.military conquest of China 1.military conquest of China

2.development of extensive trade with 2.development of extensive trade with the Americas the Americas

3.formation of cultural links with Europe 3.formation of cultural links with Europe

4.virtual isolation of the country from 4.virtual isolation of the country from the outside world the outside world

4.The code of bushido of the Japanese samurai is most similar to

1.belief in reincarnation and karma of Hindus

2.practice of chivalry by European knights

3.teachings of Judaism

4.theory of natural rights of the Enlightenment writers

5.Feudal societies are generally characterized by

1an emphasis on social order

2.a representative government

3.many economic opportunities

4.the protection of political rights

AnswersAnswers

Answer to question 1 is 4Answer to question 1 is 4 Answer to question 2 is 1Answer to question 2 is 1 Answer to question 3 is 4Answer to question 3 is 4 Answer to question 4 is 2Answer to question 4 is 2 Answer to question 5 is 1 Answer to question 5 is 1

Use of Topical Archive Multiple-Choice Use of Topical Archive Multiple-Choice QuestionsQuestions Regents Examination Regents Examination