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20TH CENTURY ART OF ENGLAND AND MEXICO MOST NOTED ARTISTS

Mexico has had a history of political unrest ever since its war for independence in 1810-1821. From 1821-1857, 50 different governments were in power. After 1857, the government continued to be unstable as liberals and conservatives fought for power. It was not until the 1940s that uprisings ended and the republic gained more strength. The events since 1810 led to a time of great turmoil, experienced by the artists and therefore reflected in their art.

MEXICO – Introduction

1810-1821: Declaration and war for independence1846: Mexican-American war1848: Loss of Texas and part of California to the US1853: US purchases land on the border1858: Benito Juarez takes power in a liberal reform period

MEXICO – Timeline (1810-1860)

1862: the Battle of Puebla and the French take control of Mexico1867: Assassination of the Archduke and end of French control. 1877: The Porfiriato (Porfirio Diaz takes complete control after election)1910-1920: Mexican Revolution

MEXICO – Timeline (1860-1910)

Important leaders:1911: Porfirio Diaz (exiled), Francisco Madero (assassinated)1913: Francisco León de la Barra, Pedro Lascuráin, Victoriano Huerta (arrested)1914: Francisco Carbajal, Eulalio Gutiérrez, Roque González Garza, Venustiano Carranza1915: Francisco Chazaro, Venustiano Carranza 1917: Creation of the modern constitution1919: Assassination of Emiliano Zapata

MEXICO – Timeline (1910-1920)

Frida Kahlo - Mexico Mexican painter Married to artist

Diego Rivera Suffered from

illnesses including polio

Active communist Paintings

represented her pain and suffering in life

Diego en Mi Pensamiento (Diego in

My Thoughts), 1943

Diego Rivera - Mexico Mexican

muralist Married to

artist Frida Kahlo

Active communist

Painted murals in many locations including the US

Part of the mural La Gran Tenochtitlan, (The Great

Tenochtitlan) 1945

José Clemente Orozco - Mexico Mexican

painter Promoted

politics through art

Most common theme was human suffering

Illustrated The Pearl by John Steinbeck

Zapata, 1930

Rufino Tamayo - Mexico One of the few

Mexican artists who did not paint to support politics

Painted “the real Mexico”

Known for his individuality and unique style Dos Hermanos (Two Brothers),

1987

In contrast to Mexico’s history full of political issues, England’s history from 1810-1920 was concentrated on the industrial revolution and the advancement of technology to improve lives. While England did participate in several wars including World War I, the government was stable. England had six kings and queens during this time period. Instead of reflecting politics, there would be a whole new theme to the art produced at this time.

ENGLAND – Introduction

1812-1815 – War of 1812 (US, France)1837 – Queen Victoria assumes the throne1845 – Irish Potato Famine and immigration to the US1851 – The Great Exhibition (A fair displaying the products of the continuing industrial revolution)1854-1856 – Crimean War with Russia

ENGLAND – Timeline (1810-1860)

1860 – First public toilet (movement for sanitary conditions in cities)1863 – Opening of the Underground1868 – Discovery of disinfectants1876 – Elementary education required1877 – First public electric lighting1883 – First electric railway system1902 – Boer War with Dutch in Africa

ENGLAND – Timeline (1860-1910)

1914 – Beginning of World War I1918 – End of World War I1920 – Ireland gains independence

ENGLAND – Timeline (1910-1920)

Ben Nicholson - England British abstract

painter First artwork was

a Peter Pan poster for J. M. Barrie

Met Picasso A famous work is

the White Relief, painted wood with circles and right angles

White Relief, 1933

Henry Moore - England British sculptor

and artist Best known for

abstract sculptures of humans, usually lying down

One of the key people who started English modernism

Reclining Figure, 1939

Francis Bacon - England Irish painter Used bold

colors and graphics to show human suffering

Controversial for themes of torture and death Figure in Frame, 1950