arunas project

8/2/2019 Arunas Project

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Intelligent Ambulance with Automatic Traffic

Control

INTRODUCTION

In todays world health hazards are a major concern. Especially people in the older age

group are the victims, and moreover the traffic conditions are worsening day by day, which

results in traffic jams.

Many important jobs get delayed due to these trafic jams.Ambulance service is one of the

major services which gets affected by traffic jams. To solve this problem we have come up

with the solution of Intelligent ambulance with automatic traffic control.

Here we are tracking the patients health conditions. The health parameters such as Heart

rate, body temperature, Blood pressure and Blood level are sent to the hospital using the

on board GSM unit. All these parameters are displayed in the hospital unit on a pc with the

help of visual basic s/w.

Simultaneously if at all the Ambulance encounters the taffic jam in the route, the driver is

provided with the remote to control the traffic signals.The particular signal is made Green

for some time and after the ambulance passes by,it again regains its original flow of

sequence of signaling.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Previous work on home vital signs monitors can be seen in the current models that are in

hospitals and homes. There are many different types and brands of vital signs monitors

available today. They range in size, function, and price. Most are very expensive, costing

patients or healthcare providers upwards of $2,500 per system


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Explanation of Logical Block Diagram

As we can observe there is a chowk shown in the diagram, consisting of four different

lanes. An ambulance is going from lane1. The patient is carried in the cardiac van,whose

various parameters are being measured by the sensory units inside the van. These

parameters are constantly being sent to the hospital unit via GSM transreciever,in the form

of a message of data (SMS).

The hospital you can see is at the side of road and it is receiving these SMSs via a

dedicated mobile phone. The information is shown on the pc connected to this mobile

phone via data cable.The s/w used here is a very user friendly and front end s/w, i.e Visual

basics.

At the same time, ambulance is also making the lane 1s signal green and all other signals

as red,due to traffic. This is achieved by RF link via TX 433 and RX 433

pair.Microcontroller timers and counters are used for controlling

Logical block diagram provides logic behind the project and gives complete overview of

project. It shows logical flow behind the project. In this all 3 units that is Ambulance ,

Hospital and Traffic sigal units are shown .Here the driver selects the lane number, and

then the particular signal is made Green.


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So logical block diagram is all about logical flow of the project.

BLOCK DIAGRAM : AMBULANCE UNIT

Explanation of Ambulance Unit :

As you can see in the block diagram, there are four main things-

1. Patients parameters

2. PIC Microcontroller

3. MAX 232,GSM Tx Rx

4. HT12E,TX43

One by one we will discuss these blocks-

1. Patients parameters- We are going to measure four parameters of patient-

Heart rate

Body temperature


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Blood level

Blood pressure

Heart rate is the first parameter which is very important for our discussion. It is being

monitored by the sensing circuit which uses L14F1 and LM35. The heart rate is then

interfaced with PIC. Similarly regarding the temperature of patient we are using LM35 as

the sensing unit . It does not require any signal conditioning unit as it gives the output in

adequate form with respect to amplitude and accuracy.

Next is the blood level.This parameter requiesrs a small circuit. It just require an IR TX/RX

pair and it also gives an adequate output and hence doesnt require a signal conditioning

circuit. Blood level only detects whether the blood bottle given to the patinent is empty or

filled.Monitoring is required as to prevent abrupt air bubbles to be entering into patients

body,Hence once it gets empty it gives the required indication for replacing it with the new

filled one.

Thus all the parameters of the patient are then given to the PIC 16F877 .

2. PIC : In our project the PIC is playing vital role. Although we are also using 89S52 at

the signaling unit but PIC in the ambulance is the Heart of the ambulance unit.

PIC mainly performs 3 tasks:

It reads the parameters of the Patient and displays them on the LCD in the

ambulance itself.

The above read parameters are written in text format and given to the GSM TX/RX

It sends 4 bit digital code to the HT12E and TX433 tomake the signal green of a

pertiular lane.

Regarding the first task it is simple one as it dispaying the parameter on the LCD in

the ambulance unit.These parameters can be viewed by Doctros in the ambulance

to judge the patients condition as well as it confirms wheather the sensing circuit


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are working properly or not.

Next task is sending these parameters in the form of text message through the

GSM TX/RX. This task requires a complex program.Messages are sent after every

1 Sec. So as the data can be updated at the RX side.

The next task is traffic control. There are normally four lanes in a chowk. Every lane

is given its number as 1, 2, 3, 4. There will be four button at the dashboard of the

driver. The driver will see from which lane he is going and will press appropriate

button, Pressing the button will send a 4 bit coded data to the signaling unit through

HT12E and TX433.This can be done 100meter before the signal chowk.

3)MAX 232,GSM Tx Rx-

GSM transreceiver is as good as mobile without any control given to the user.It has

to be interfaced to error control unit which can give commands to send the text

message.Here controlling device is PIC.But we can not interface it directly to the

GSM. Hence we need a device which interface these two units and adjusts the

voltage levels so that the commands can be given to the GSM through the PIC.This

need is fulfilled by the the MAX232 which is normally used to interface GSM to any

other controlling unit.

4) HT12E and TX433 : HT12E is basically a RF encoder.It gets the coded 4bit data

from PIC at its data pins.The HT12E then generates a digital pulse signal with 1

redundant 8 address and 4 data bits encoded by PIC. The encoded 4 bit data is

different fir the four lanes. This 13 digital bit string is again modulated using FSK

and send at a frequency of 433MHz, This is done TX433 and RF TX. Its range is

about 100 meter and hence it gives the feasibility to the ambulance driver to make

the signal green of the respective lane well before his arrival.

BLOCK DIAGRAM : TRAFFIC SIGNAL UNIT


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Traffic Signal Unit:

The Traffic singnal unit consist of the RX433, HT12D, 89s52 c, and signal circuitry.As

here in our project well be dealing with 2 main chowks, i.e each consisting of 4 lanes.Each

lane would be having three signals (red,yellow & green), hence it becomes mandatory to

provide a control over selection of appropriate lane and its corresponding signal. Here we

provide the driver with a remote control with 8 buttons, each set for different lanes, and we

have common codes for the control of signals.

Whenever a particular lane is selected, a 13 bit data is sent to the receiver section.Out of

these 13 bits, 1 bit (MSB) is a redundant bit, next 8 bits are the address bits, and rest 4

bits are the data bits. These 4 bits decide whether the signal has to be made GREEN or

not. Each lane has been assigned to a unique code for its signal control, as soon as it

receives a 13 bit information,it is required to decode it first,and this is done by HT12D.


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It actually checks for the address bits for 4 times in sequence, on cofirming the data from

the correct transmitter, it then enables the data out ports of the HT12D, and latches the

information on to the output port.

The information regarding which lane has to be selected or which signal has to be

controlled and relevant coded information is stored in the program in 89S52 c. As soon

as the data is received at the TX433,after decoding it is given to the 89S52 unit,where in

the data is compared with the already stored data corresponding to different actions,and

accordingly it takes decision of which output port of 89S52 has to be given signals to make

the appropriate changes at the output.As all the signals are directly connected (wired

connection) to the 89S52 c.

On reception of appropriate voltage change at the output port the corresponding signal is

made GREEN and others are made RED.After the ambulance passes by, the break in the

link is observed and the signal is disturbed.Hence it is brought back to its original flow of

sequence of signaling. Or we can also provide a separate switch to regain its original

status.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:HOSPITAL UNIT


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Explanation of Hospital Unit:

One of the receiver units is hospital unit.This unit includes GSM transreceiver and

computer with V.B software installed.

In this setup, GSM is used as source of information to hospital from ambulance. GSM is

duplex unit and capable of transferring data as well as voice. Parameters of patient

measured in ambulance are received by GSM receiver with delay of 5 sec. These

parameters should be displayed on screen,so GSM has accompanied with computer

having V.B. program , which is compatible for storing and displaying received data in

appropriate form which is very user friendly. In this,we are using stack for storing received

data. After every 5sec interval,data get updated and displayed on moniter.

According to displayed data,appropriate action required can be suggested via message or

call.As process of typing a message and sending it,is very time consumable,call back is

prefferd. So we are using GSM unit in simplex mode, so as to avoid its time restrictions.

So,at hospital unit GSM and computer fulfill the need of receiver application.


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AMBULANE UNIT


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER UNIT

MICROCONTROLLER

It is a microcontroller which is composed of Harvard architecture. The PIC16F877A CMOS

FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller is upward compatible with the PIC16C5x, PIC12Cxxx

and PIC16C7x devices. It features 200 ns instruction execution, 256 bytes of EEPROM

data memory, self programming, an ICD, 2 Comparators, 8 channels of 10-bit Analog-to-

Digital (A/D) converter, 2 capture/compare/PWM functions, a synchronous serial port that

can be configured as either 3-wire SPI or 2-wire I2C bus, a USART, and a Parallel Slave

Port.


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Microchip PIC16F877A Microcontroller Features:-

High-Performance RISC CPU

Operating speed: 20 MHz, 200 ns instruction cycle

Operating voltage: 4.0-5.5V

Industrial temperature range (-40to +85C)

15 Interrupt Sources

35 single-word instructions

All single-cycle instructions except for program branches (two-cycle)

Special Microcontroller Features:

Flash Memory: 14.3 Kbytes (8192 words)

Data SRAM: 368 bytes

Data EEPROM: 256 bytes

Self-reprogrammable under software control

Watchdog Timer with on-chip RC oscillator

Power-saving Sleep mode

Selectable oscillator options

The PIN diagram of PIC 16F877


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Gobal system for mobile communication (GSM)

Definition - Global system for mobile communication is globally accepted standerd for

digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of standardization group established in

1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate

specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz.

The GSM standard is intended to address the problems of compatibility,especially with the

development of digital radio technology.

GSM specifications:

Frequency band-1850 to 1990 MHz

Duplex distance-80 MHz(distance between uplink and downlink).

Channel separation-200KHz(separation bet adjacent carrier frequncies).


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Modulation-GMSK

Tx rate-270kbps

Access method-TDMA.

Speech coder-Line Predictive Coding(LPC).

GSM services-

DTMF,FAX group3,SMS,cell broadcast,voice mail,FAX mail.

Supplementry services-

Call forwding,barring of outgoing n incoming calls,call hold,call waiting, multiparty

service.

MAX232

It is dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive voltage generator to supply TIA/EIA-

232-F voltage levels from single 5V supply.Each receiver converts EIA inputs to 5V

TTL/CMOS levels.hese receivers have typical threshold of 1.3V.Driver does opposite

action of receiver.

SENSORS AND DESIGN

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

LM35:- The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose

output voltage is linearly proportional to the temperature in degree centigrade.

Features:-

Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade)

Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor

0.5C accuracy guarantee able (at +25C)

Rated for full 55to +150C range


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Suitable for remote applications

Operates from 4 to 30 volts

Less than 60 A current drain

Low self-heating, 0.08C in still air

Low impedance output, 0.1 for 1 mA load .

HEART RATE SENSOR

A bright light red LED transmitter and L14F1 photo transistor receiver is used to

measure the heart rate. It generates square wave pulses and are measured by

microcontroller using timers

When the liquid in the bottle goes below a minimum threshold, then it is immediately

reported.

The L14F1/L14F2 are silicon photodarlingtons mounted in a narrow angle, TO-18

package.

FEATURES:-

Hermetically sealed package

Narrow reception angle


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Fig: L14F1 receiver

Block diagram

BLOOD PRESSURE


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The sensor used to sense cuff pressure is the MPX2050. Once the pressure sensor

determines that the cuff has been inflated to 160mmHg, the cuff will deflate slowly at a rate

of 2-3mmHg/sec. Deflation occurs automatically at this rate through the tubing with the

help of two pin holes.

Flow chart for BP measurement:


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BLOOD LEVEL MEASUREMENT

A trans reciever pair is used to detect the blood level of the bottle. This parameter

requiesrs a small circuit. It just require a bright light LED Tx and a L14F1 photo transistor,it


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also gives an adequate output and hence doesnt require a signal conditioning circuit.

Blood level only detects whether the blood bottle given to the patinent is empty or

filled.Monitoring is required as to prevent abrupt air bubbles to be entering into patients

body,Hence once it gets empty it gives the required indication for replacing it with the new

filledone.

Circuit Diagram:

POWER SUPPLY

The basic step in the designing of any system is to design the power supply required for

that system.The steps involved in the designing power supply are


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i. Determine the total current that the system sinks from the supply.

ii. Determine the voltage rating required for different compnents

for.

a)Filter Capacitor Design:-

Vr (ripple voltage) = 10% of output voltage = 0.9V

Frequency = 50Hz

Time Period =1/50 = 20ms

Ripple = 1/ (4?3 x f x Cf x RL)

Cf = Io/ (4?3 x f x Ripple x Vo)

Cf = 381uf

Practical available is 470 uf and hence we can use it.

b) Transformer Selection:-

Minimum input required for LM7805 IC is given by the equation below.

Vin =Vreg + drop out voltage across LM7805 IC

= 5V + 2V = 7V

The drop across diodes in the bridge rectifier is 1.4V


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Minimum secondary voltage required is = 1.4 + 7 = 8.4V

Hence, unregulated power supply design is for 9V.

Thus the required turns ratio is N1 : N2 = V1 : V2

N1 : N2 = 230 : 9

= 25.5 : 1

Hence VA rating of the transformer is 9.

c) Diode Design :-

PIV = Vm

Vm = 9V

Hence we select diode 1N4007

PIV = 100V, If = 1A

Reasons for choosing bridge rectifier:-

Better efficiency and regulation with less ripples.

The PIV across each diode is Vm and not 2Vm as in case full wave rectifier.

The ripples at the output are reduced by using a capacitor as a filter.Selection

of capacitance depends on the current rating of the supply and voltage rating

for capacitor on the secondary voltage of the transformer.

d) Regulator Selection:-

PIC16F877A requires a supply of +5V. The sensors also require the same voltage

supply.The sink current of the system is not more than 200mA.

Hence we select regulator IC LM7805.

Input voltage range: 8V to 35V

Drop out voltage: 2V

Output rating: 5V


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ALGORITHAM

PIC 16F 877 :-

1. Initialize PIC.

2. Assign the port pins.

3. Read different parameters of the patient through the sensing units and display them

on LCD.

4. Transmit this info. as text message through the GSM unit, to the Hospital.

5. Repeat the process for txn of updated info. After every 1sec.

6. Parallely the TX433 module will be waiting for the interrupt s/g from driver.

7. Interrupt could be any of the 4 s/gs for the selection of different lanes.

MICROCONTROLLER 89s52 u c :-

1. Initialize the controller.

2. Initialize the signal setup at particular chowk.

3. Detect the commands sent by the Ambulance through RX433 and store the present

situation of the s/g in stack.

4. Take the necessary action regarding the s/g, i.e making the particular s/g green and

rest red.

5. Maintain the s/g status unless the command from Ambulance is disabled.

6. Once the path of ambulance is clear, normal controlling of the traffic s/g continues.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS

Information of the patient is available right from the place where the patient is

picked up by the ambuance.

Traffic signals can be controlled well before 100m of the chowk.

Very basic and essential parameters like, Blood pressure, heart rate, body

temperature are analyzed and transmitted.


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GSM unit is very much reliable and data transmission is faster.

Convenience in readability for parameters at the hospital unit,as using VB.

NO seperate coding required for different chowks and lanes.

LIMITATIONS

It is not a continuous monitoring system, a bit of delay in transmission of successive

data (1sec).

Use of multiple receiver sections at the chowk due to unavailability of centralized

signalling system.

Necessary feedback can be given back to GSM unit regarding the status at the

hospital.

APPLICATIONS

1. The concept of wireless transmission of data can be used not only in medical field

but also in industrial field for transmission of information regarding a particular m/c.

2. In very immense and critical situations where in humans cant be physically

present. Ex. Coal mines, Nuclear power plants.

3. Defence field, for sending the parameters of the soldier to the base station.

FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS

Real time continuous wireless patient monitoring system.

3G Technology ,3.5G Technology,4G techgnology.

Centralized signaling station for traffic control.

GPS .

We can extend our project by making it work in real time environment.We can directly use

video conferencing, between the doctors and the medic. Real time Wireless technology


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can be implemented in the same design,wherein the patients usefull parameters will be

sent to the hospital unit via hitech technology.So that the exact situation of the patient will

be known to the doctors,and necessary initial treatment could be provided.

3G & 4G technology:

A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IP based solution

where facilities such as IP telephony, ultra-broadband Internet access, gaming services,

and streamed multimedia may be provided to users. 4G is being developed to

accommodate the (QoS) Quality of service and rate requirements set by further

development of existing 3G applications like mobile broadband access,Multimedia

Message Service (MMS), Video chat, Mobile chat, but also new services like HDT V. 4G

may allow roaming with wireless local area networks, and may interact with digital video

broadcasting systems.

Hitec Ambulance System:-

Concept Ambulance features numerous innovations that protect medics, patients, other

motorists and pedestrians from injury. The innovations may also help ambulance teams

save time in reaching emergency scenes and link easily with hospital personnel.

Innovations include:

A device that changes red lights to green at appropriately equipped intersections;

Cabinets designed to lower the risk of injury for anyone who falls against them;

In Motion on-board mobile network gateway and GPS tracking;

wireless medical reporting that saves time, ensures accuracy and protects confidentiality in

identifying patients, documenting treatment, and sharing data with hospital staff.


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LIST OF COMPONENTS

SR

.

NO

.

NAME OF COMPONENT TYPE QUANTITY

1. Microcontroller PIC 16F877 1

89S52 2

2. LCD display 16 x 2 LCD 1

3. Transformer 9v/500Ma 1

4. Voltage regulator LM 7805 2

5. Rectfying Diodes 1N4007 16

6. Capacitors 1000 uf 4

470 uf 4

7. Resistors 1.1Mohm 1

68Kohm 1

10Kohm 12

380ohm 26

100Kohm 2

10Kohm POT 1

8. GSM - 1

9. RF transreciever TX433, RX433 2

10. Interfacing Unit IC MAX 232 1

11. Temperature sensor LM 35 1

12. LED Bright LED (red) 2

13 Photo diode TIL 78 2

14. Blood Pressure Cuff MPX2050 1

15. Connecting cables - -

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