douglas westphal anthony bucholtz piotr flatau arunas kuciauskas ming liu betsy reid jeffrey reid
DESCRIPTION
Overview of Navy’s System for Global Modeling of Sulfate, Smoke & Dust. Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid Kim Richardson Annette Walker Aerosol and Radiation Modeling Section Marine Meteorology Division - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz
Piotr FlatauArunas Kuciauskas
Ming LiuBetsy Reid
Jeffrey ReidKim RichardsonAnnette Walker
Aerosol and Radiation Modeling SectionMarine Meteorology DivisionNaval Research Laboratory
Monterey CA 93943
www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol
Overview of Navy’s System for Global Modeling of Sulfate, Smoke & Dust
![Page 2: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Conventional Navy view:•Marine aerosol (salt, sulfate) in marine boundary layer•Locally produced•EO propagation, TAWS, slant range visibility
But there are other aerosols and impacts:•Dust, smoke, pollution •Long-range transport•Operational constraints
–mission planning–hazard avoidance–navigation
•Numerical weather prediction–direct effect–indirect effect
•Satellite analyses–SST retrievals
Why?Aerosol Impacts on Navy Activities
![Page 3: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Dust Over the Red Sea, 18 July, 1999
![Page 4: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mediterranean, 15 April, 2000Impact of Aerosols on Navy Activities
Southwest Asia, 10 October, 2001
Southwest Asia, 12 October, 2001
![Page 5: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pollution and Smoke over the Atlantic
June 28, 2001SeaWiFS
![Page 6: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Impact of Aerosols on Navy Activities:Volcanic Ash in the Mediterranean
October 28, 2002SeaWiFS
![Page 7: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
“… helicopters encountered … several large layers of suspended dust about 190 nm long. Like flying in a milk bowl … pilots unable to see the surface from as low as 75 feet.” NDU staff report on Iran Hostage Rescue Mission
“After sunrise the visibility reduced to less than 1 nautical mile in blowing dust, prompting all squadrons to immediately begin preserving topside aircraft. … the harbor pilot was told that visibility was down to less than ¼ mile at the harbor and that no traffic would be moved until the visibility improved.” USS Carl Vinson, U.A.E, February 1999
“The ability to have DAMPS generate a dust forecast out to 48 hrs would provide us with an ability to reschedule flight operations or move ships to other locations. In the eleven months I’ve been out here, dust has had the biggest impact on limiting and/or canceling operations that have taken place in this AOR.” CO NAVCENTMETOCCEN, Bahrain, July 2000
At Roosevelt Roads/Vieques, Puerto Rico, drone operations over practice ranges were cancelled by conditions of reduced visibility due to Saharan dust; interfered with gunnery training schedules (couldn’t visually certify range was clear)
Impact of Dust on Navy Activities
![Page 8: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Impact of Aerosol on Navy Activities
Aerosol climatology required for selection of High Energy LasersFocused on marine boundary layer (for ship defense)
![Page 9: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Impact of Aerosols on NWP:Example of Visible Direct Effect
•SEAWIFS Visible wavelength imagery for March 17, 2002
•Plume of aerosol leaving Asia composed of dust, pollution and other aerosols
•Direct effects are obvious
•Indirect effects are possible as aerosol is entrained into synoptic weather system
KOREA
![Page 10: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ACE-Asia Experiment, April 2001• Shipboard deployment• Sea of Japan (subject to dust
storms from China)• Main result: increased downward
infrared flux due to dust in atmosphere
Impact of Aerosols on NWP:Example of Infrared Direct Effect
Infra
red
pertu
rbat
ion
(W/m
**2)
![Page 11: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Impact of Aerosols on NWP:Example of Indirect Effect
AVHRR Near-IR imagery for May 14, 1994, from MAST
“Ship tracks” are variations in cloud albedo due to aerosol-induced changes in cloud properties
Large-scale changes in cloud albedo likely due to polluted vs. clean air
Large-Scale Albedo Change
Ship Tracks
![Page 12: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Impact of Aerosols on NWP:Indirect Effect on Hurricane Felix?
![Page 13: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
(El Niño) Dust Contamination Smoke Effect
Cummings/FNMOC
Impact of Aerosols on NWP:Aerosol Contamination of SST Retrieval
![Page 14: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Why Global?Long-Range Transport
Often assumed that aerosol is locally produced and can be modeled based on local variables, ignoring long-range transport
However,
•Intercontinental aerosol transport occurs frequently•Regional aerosols can be significantly impacted by non-local sources
Other reasons for global modeling:
•Regional aerosol simulations require initial and boundary conditions•Validation data are scarce; validate model wherever data are available
![Page 15: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Intercontinental Transport
Background: Composite of Several Retrievals of TOMS Absorbing Aerosol Index
![Page 16: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Dust: Red Arrows, Smoke: Blue Arrows
Background: Composite of several TOMS retrievals of Aerosol Index
Intercontinental Transport
![Page 17: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Objectives:
•Forecast global and regional distribution of aerosols •Measure and model the optical effects of aerosols•Forecast slant range visibility•Determine the importance of aerosol effects for NWP
Approach:
•Modeling•Global and regional predictive aerosol transport models with emphasis on dynamical forcing and transport, rather than microphysics and chemistry•Data assimilation of satellite data
•Theoretical•Calculate scattering by individual particles•Develop accurate and efficient forward modeling methods for NWP
•Experimental•Verify theoretical calculations using in situ and remotely sensed data•Validate transport models with in situ and satellite data
Aerosol Research at NRL/MRY
![Page 18: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
RegionalAerosol ModelCOAMPS
NCB Models
ObservationsRemote Sensing
Global and RegionalAerosol Analyses
GlobalAerosol ModelNOGAPS
Theoretical Studies, Field Measurements
NRL/MRY Aerosol Studies FlowchartE
xten
dkn
owle
dge
base
Impl
emen
t exi
stin
g kn
owle
dge
•Customers: TAWS (slant range) NAVO (SST) Metoc Det (Wx) HEL (visibility)•Validation
Transition tocustomer
![Page 19: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Twice-daily, 5-day forecasts of SO2, sulfate, dust and smoke• Operational global weather model (NOGAPS) provides
forecasts of P, T, q, u, v, w, Kz, cloud parameters, precip., stress, and ground wetness at 6-hour intervals on 1X1 degree grid; 14 levels to 100 mb
• Semi-Lagrangian horizontal transport; finite element horizontal diffusion; finite element vertical transport
• SO2 emission from GEIA inventory; oceanic DMS emission• Deflation depends on threshold velocity, forecasted stress and
ground wetness• Smoke emission based on satellite detection of fires• Linear gas-phase chemistry• Dry deposition: function of specie, stress, stability, surface type• Wet removal: function of precipitation rate, specie, cloud type *Modified DEHM model (Christensen, Atm. Env., 1998)
Global Aerosol Model
![Page 20: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
November 27 NAAPS 5-day Forecast for December 2, 2002
Total Optical Depth
Dust Optical Depth
Sulfate Optical Depth
Smoke Optical Depth
![Page 21: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Analysis using NAAPS: JFK Jr. Study(collab. with Prospero@ U. Miami, Poirot@
Vermont)Real-Time NAAPS analyses allowed rapid response to
crash:– Determined atmospheric structure: deep continental
boundary layer above shallow MBL – Detected exceptional pollution event: high sulfate
concentrations– Results used in NTSB report
Research mode:– Validated with surface chemistry and satellite data– Compared NAAPS emissions inventory to current
emissions– Diagnosed impact of uncontrolled Midwestern
emissions on air quality of East Coast and New England
![Page 22: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
JFK Jr. Study:Accurate simulation of timing and location of anthropogenic
aerosol plume
SeaWiFS Imagery, 1620Z 16 July, 1999 NAAPS AOD, 1800Z 16 July, 1999
![Page 23: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
JFK Jr. Study:Environmental conditions analyzed using NAAPS and NOGAPS
![Page 24: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
JFK Jr. Study
Findings:
•Need to add other anthropogenic aerosols to NAAPS in order to quantify visibility/extinction
•JFK Jr. study shows GEIA dataset is outdated: some current sources greater than GEIA values; others less
•Conversion rates need modification (high ozone conc. increases rate of conversion to sulfate)
•Uncontrolled Midwestern emissions responsible for most of the haze
![Page 25: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
NAAPS Smoke Source:Global Fire Detection
• Wildfire-ABBA uses GOES data to provide western hemisphere fires
• Global MODIS fire product used for other regions
GOES-8 Wildfire ABBA Summary Composite of Half-Hourly
Processed and Saturated Fire Pixel Observations for the Western
Hemisphere
Time Period: September 1, 2000 to August 31,
2001
![Page 26: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
GOES Visible Imagery14 UTC 10 August, 2000
NAAPS Smoke Optical Depth12 UTC 10 August, 2000
NAAPS Smoke Simulation, August 10, 2000
Smoke Plume
![Page 27: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Comparison of NAAPS Optical Depth andSeaWiFS True Color For 20 June, 2001
![Page 28: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
NAAPS Simulation ofLos Alamos Smoke Plume, May 12, 2001
Smoke detected at DOE/ARMsite in Oklahoma May 11 and 12 first attributed to Los Alamos Fires
NAAPS shows smoke is a combination of two plumes:
•Transport of Los Alamos smoke in elevated dry layer
•Transport of Central American smoke in low-level moist layer
5/12 5/11 5/10 5/9
NOGAPS RH, winds, θ
![Page 29: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
NAAPS Dust Source Specification
USGS Landuse database (1 km resolution) used to identify erodible regions of the world (based on AVHRR data)
TOMS Aerosol Index (AI) used to further refine source regions over Sahara and Middle East; needs further refinement over Asia
NOGAPS soil moisture must be less than 0.3
NOGAPS surface stress must exceed a threshold value
Then dust flux is proportional to square of stress
![Page 30: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
NAAPS Dust Erodibility Specification:Based on USGS Landuse and TOMS/AI
Dust emission allowed in proportion to the square of the stress in these areas when stress exceeds critical value and soil
moisture is less than 0.3
![Page 31: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
NAAPS
AERONET Data
Validation of NAAPS UsingSeaWiFS and AERONET Data, Oct. 30, 2001
NAAPS Dust Optical DepthSeaWiFS True Color
Dust Plume
![Page 32: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Comparison of TOMS AI and NAAPS Optical Depth for April 1998
Event
April 20
April 22
April 24
April 26
Green - dust, Red - sulfate aerosol
![Page 33: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Validation of NAAPS Simulation of Asian Dust Event
Comparison of San Nicolas AERONET Sunphotometer and NAAPS Optical Depth for April 1998 Event: Captures timing, misses
background aerosol
![Page 34: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
UNIV. UTAH LIDAR 00Z 25 APRIL 1998
LIDAR
7.5 KM
NAAPS
Pres
sure
(mb)
Concentration
Backscatter Depolarization
7.9 KM
![Page 35: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The ‘Perfect Dust Storm’, April 6-9, 2001
Large dust storm on April 6-7, 2001, then swept across East Asia, the Pacific, and N. America
Visibility reduced to 100 m in some Chinese cities
Coincided with large international field program – ACE-Asia; provides additional data for validation
Baicheng, Jilin Prov., April 7, 2001
Baicheng, Jilin Prov., April 8, 2001
SeaWiFS April 7, 2001
![Page 36: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
NAAPS Dust Forecast, April 10, 12 2001
![Page 37: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
SeaWiFS Imagery11 April 2001
NAAPS Dust Optical DepthApril 11, 2001
NAAPS Dust Simulation, April 11, 2001
Dust Plume
![Page 38: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
SeaWiFS ImageryApril 19, 2001
NAAPS Dust Optical DepthApril 19, 2001
NAAPS Dust Simulation, April 19, 2001
Dust Plume
![Page 39: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
NAAPS ACE-Asia Simulations, April 2001
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Ang
strom E
xpon
ent (
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
AOD
CIMEL (500 nm) NAAPS Sulphate NAAPS Dust NAAPS Smoke NAAPS Total
-10
0
10
20 Saturna Island
TOMS A
eros
ol In
dex
Rogers Dry Lake
Missoula
Saturna Island Rogers Dry Lake Missoula
TOM
S A
IA
OD
Ang
stro
m E
xp.
![Page 40: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
SeaWiFS Study:Pixels Grouped According to NAAPS Simulation
![Page 41: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
SeaWiFS Study:Retrieval Fails for Aged Asian Dust Case
![Page 42: Douglas Westphal Anthony Bucholtz Piotr Flatau Arunas Kuciauskas Ming Liu Betsy Reid Jeffrey Reid](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815d70550346895dcb789d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Future Plans
• Update source specification– Smoke (NASA FLAMBE)
• Add biome and seasonal dependence• Apply persistence check to Wildfire-ABBA• Use MODIS for detection outside of W. Hemisphere
– Update GEIA sulfur dioxide sources– Add salt and black carbon components
• Analysis and simulation– Develop transition path for use in screening for SST retrievals– Assimilate satellite retrievals of aerosol properties– Mesoscale generation Global transport Mesoscale impact
• Have developed mesoscale dust model, triply nested: 9, 27, an 81-km resolution
• Working on mesoscale source inventory to drive mesoscale dust model
– Continue validation using PRIDE, ACE/Asia, and other data– Initiate aerosol monitoring at MRY including IOP: ADAM