Art Reflecting Society Art Reflecting Society and Reformand Reform

Chapter 23: Sections 4 Chapter 23: Sections 4 and 5and 5

EmigrationEmigration Emigration: movement Emigration: movement of people away from of people away from their native landstheir native lands

Reasons:Reasons: Population growth due due to more food, better to more food, better healthhealth

People moved toPeople moved to industrialized areasindustrialized areas where there was a where there was a greater demand for greater demand for factory labor and wages factory labor and wages were higherwere higher

Travel was made safer was made safer and easier with trains and easier with trains and steamshipsand steamships

Growth of CitiesGrowth of Cities No running No running waterwater

No sewers until No sewers until the late 1800sthe late 1800s

Dumped garbage Dumped garbage in streetsin streets

Foul smelling Foul smelling and unhealthyand unhealthy

No paved No paved streets and streets and street lights street lights

ReformerReformerss

Sir Robert Peel Leader of the House of Leader of the House of Commons who created a Commons who created a permanent policepermanent police

Police were known as Police were known as “bobbies” after “Robert” “bobbies” after “Robert” PeelPeel

Are you noticing a trend in mankind changing society?New concepts of society?

ReformerReformerss Jane Addams

New drive for women to “help” or New drive for women to “help” or change society. change society.

They themselves are more educated They themselves are more educated and can assist moreand can assist more

Middle class women now have the Middle class women now have the luxury of more time to assistluxury of more time to assist

Helped open Hull House in ChicagoHelped open Hull House in Chicago Provided education and job training Provided education and job training to the poorto the poor

Community service center became Community service center became modelmodel

Worked for world peaceWorked for world peace

Won the Nobel Peace PrizeWon the Nobel Peace Prize

EducationEducation Middle class education increased

Needed workers who could read and writeNeeded workers who could read and write Needed skilled engineers, scientists, etc.Needed skilled engineers, scientists, etc. Wanted to produce patriotic citizens; educated Wanted to produce patriotic citizens; educated soldierssoldiers

Better life for childrenBetter life for children

Not as common for the working classNot as common for the working class Compulsory education was for everyone for a Compulsory education was for everyone for a certain amount of timecertain amount of time

Only middle class went on because lower classes Only middle class went on because lower classes needed to work for their familiesneeded to work for their families

WomenWomen Some argued that certain subjects weren’t Some argued that certain subjects weren’t appropriate for womenappropriate for women

People thought they didn’t need educationPeople thought they didn’t need education Few colleges admitted women, anywayFew colleges admitted women, anyway

The BIGGEST new concept The BIGGEST new concept of Societyof Society

DarwinismDarwinism

DarwinismDarwinism Charles Darwin - Charles Darwin - studied nature and studied nature and began to see the world differently. Man began to see the world differently. Man just wanted to see the pretty birds - just wanted to see the pretty birds - he wasn’t noticing the birds constantly he wasn’t noticing the birds constantly destroying lifedestroying life

His work finally dislodged people from His work finally dislodged people from the traditional notion that they the traditional notion that they possessed an exalted position as possessed an exalted position as special creations in God’s image.special creations in God’s image.

Man was just another animal.Man was just another animal.

Darwinism - Darwinism - still controversial still controversial todaytoday

Charles DarwinCharles Darwin

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Science, in essence, became a new religion

Darwinism Darwinism Science, in essence, became a new religion

Drew connection to the Industrial Revolution and

• theories such as ____________ dealt with the physical evolution of the masses

• some early twentieth century giants such as _______would buy into this idea and perpetuate the concept of racial superiority

• other theories of the masses such as ______________ dealt with the political evolution of the masses

Darwinism Darwinism

- Nietzsche (nee-chez) “God is dead.” He wrote Thus Spake Zarathustra. Idea of new God - Superman. Eternal recurrence can occur now.

- Neitzsche believed violence, danger, and war just as good as kindness because out of that chaos rose Superman

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From this you get new philosophies such as

Where do you usually see Where do you usually see these changes in mankind’s these changes in mankind’s ideas of what society is ideas of what society is and what society ought to and what society ought to

do?do?

Enlightenment’s faith Enlightenment’s faith in in ReasonReason

Leads to

The The RomanticRomantic mov’t’s mov’t’s rejection of Reason and rejection of Reason and its emphasis on nature its emphasis on nature and primitive manand primitive man

Leads to

The stark The stark Realism Realism and a and a deep pessimismdeep pessimism

RomanticismRomanticism Artistic movement Artistic movement reacting against the reacting against the age of reason and age of reason and sciencescience

Intuition rather than reason Intuition rather than reason as the path to truthas the path to truth

““noble savage” = celebrate the noble savage” = celebrate the person who denounces the person who denounces the poisonous influence of the poisonous influence of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Valued emotion above Valued emotion above reasonreason

Art for art’s sakeArt for art’s sakeSee - lots of blue! Cerulean blue

Romantic Authors and Romantic Authors and MusiciansMusiciansWilliam Wordsworth: : poet who had works filled poet who had works filled

with a a love for beauty and naturewith a a love for beauty and nature THE DAFFODILS; OR, I WANDERED LONELY AS A CLOUD by: William Wordsworth (1770-1850) WANDERED lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of the bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company I gazed -- and gazed -- but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.

Romantic MusiciansRomantic Musicians MusicMusic

BeethovenBeethoven: expressed love of nature in : expressed love of nature in Pastoral SymphonyPastoral Symphony; works known for ; works known for passion and powerful emotionspassion and powerful emotions

TchaikovskyTchaikovsky: music built around stories : music built around stories like like The Sleeping Beauty The Sleeping Beauty and and Romeo and Romeo and JulietJuliet

CLASSICAL:

ROMANTIC:

Romantic ArtRomantic Art

Francisco Goya:

Saturn Eating Cronus

Realism 1848Realism 1848 In reaction to Romanticism REALISM was In reaction to Romanticism REALISM was born.born.

Reflection of the Scientific Age - not Reflection of the Scientific Age - not painting to illustrate human truths but painting to illustrate human truths but painting only what you can see.painting only what you can see.

Can’t see an angel? Then don’t paint an Can’t see an angel? Then don’t paint an angel!angel!

In a rationalistic, scientific age there In a rationalistic, scientific age there are no laws exterior to man himself.are no laws exterior to man himself.

Almost a pessimismAlmost a pessimism

RealismRealism Artistic movement dealing with Artistic movement dealing with everyday life and social everyday life and social settingssettings

Dealt with social and economic Dealt with social and economic themesthemes Rosa Bonheur:

The Horse Fair

Early PhotographyEarly Photography

Started with the Started with the daguerreotypedaguerreotype in in 18391839

Depicted life as Depicted life as it really is; it really is; giving rise to giving rise to realism movementrealism movement

Realism contrasted with Realism contrasted with the idealism of the idealism of romantic artistsromantic artists 1848 daguerreotype of Edgar

Allen Poe

Realist AuthorsRealist Authors

DickensDickens: wrote realistically : wrote realistically about the lives of poor people about the lives of poor people in Londonin London Oliver TwistOliver Twist http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdqrGJybsCQv=UdqrGJybsCQ

Emila ZolaEmila Zola: as a naturalist, he : as a naturalist, he showed the unpleasant aspects of showed the unpleasant aspects of everyday life by exposing social everyday life by exposing social problems of the time periodproblems of the time period

Impressionism ImpressionismImpressionism: : painting that evolved from the realist style painting that evolved from the realist style

that uses light and color to create vivid impressions of people that uses light and color to create vivid impressions of people and places; often depicts light at different times of the day and places; often depicts light at different times of the day

MonetMonet and and Renoir Renoir were leading painters were leading painters

Impressionism Monet:

Impression, Sunrise

Reactions to RealismReactions to Realism

PostimpressionismPostimpressionism: : group of painters group of painters who moved away from realism; uses color and who moved away from realism; uses color and form to depict emotion and movementform to depict emotion and movement

CezanneCezanne: explored forms and : explored forms and shapes and moved away from shapes and moved away from realistic scenesrealistic scenes

MatisseMatisse and and Van GoghVan Gogh: emphasized : emphasized color design over realismcolor design over realism

Reactions to RealismReactions to RealismVan Gogh: Starry Night

Romanticism, Realism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism?Post-Impressionism?

IMPRESSIONISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism?Post-Impressionism?

POST-IMPRESSIONISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism?Post-Impressionism?

ROMANTICISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism?Post-Impressionism?

IMPRESSIONISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism?Post-Impressionism?

REALISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism?Post-Impressionism?

IMPRESSIONISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism?Post-Impressionism?

POST-IMPRESSIONISM!