ars report, ksrm/ iit roorkee internship segment

REPORT ON

ACTION RESEARCH SEGMENT

On title of

Identification of Strategies for Reorient the Agro-Horticultural Practices aimed to strengthen the Rural

Ecosystem

HOST ORGANIZATION

National Institute Of Hydrology,

Roorkee

Submitted By-

Akash Kumar Sahu (16201002) Sonali Gaikwad (16201031)

REPORTING OFFICER FACULTY GUIDE Dr. V.C. Goyal Prof. H.S. Ganesha Director Research Management MBA-RM Coordinator & Outreach Division

KIIT SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT (KSRM)

BHUBANESWAR, INDIA (VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT 2016-17)

2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The pathways to prosperity of Action Research Segment (ARS) study would not been possible without

generous contributions from Prof. (Dr.) L.K. Vaswani, Director, KIIT School of Rural management

and thanks to providing this field learning segment. We have also received support from the faculty

guide Prof. H. S. Ganesha and ARS Coordinator Prof. Madhumita Ray.

We would also like to thanks our host organization National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee that given

us an opportunity to work in given project. We also thankful to Reporting officer Dr. V. C. Goyal,

Divisional Head, Research Management and Outreach Division. Also thankful to our Assistant

Reporting officer Dr. Dinesh Kumar who facilitated our accommodation and made us to learn all the

ARS components by doing and interacting with the community member who involved in the Project.

Last, but not the least, we express our sincere thanks to all the farmers ie. Mr. Deepak Kumar Saini,

Mr. Rahul Saini and Resource person Mrs. Somlata Saini etc. for their support during our field visit. In

order to complete fieldwork successfully, we would like to present special thanks to all the research

participants and villagers who provided their valuable time.

AKASH KUMAR SAHU (16201002)

SONALI GAIKWAD (16201031)

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DECLARATION

We do hereby declare that this report of Action Research Segment (ARS) submitted to the KIIT School

of Rural Management (KSRM) of KIIT University, Bhubaneswar for the partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the Master in Business Administration – Rural Management is of our own and has not

at any time been previously submitted to this University or any other Universities/Institutions for

award of any degree or diploma.

Place: Bhubaneswar AKASH KUMAR SAHU (16201002)

Date: SONALI GAIKWAD (16201031)

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CERTIFICATE

This is to be certified that this internship entitle “Action Research Segment, Identification of

Strategies for Reorient the Agro-horticultural Practices aimed to strengthen the Rural Ecosystem”

submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of Master of Business Administration in Rural

Management, is a record of independent research work carried out by Akash Kumar Sahu (16201002),

Sonali Gaikwad (16201031) under my guidance. No part of this dissertation has been previously

submitted earlier for the award of any degree/diploma/associate ship/prize by KIIT School of Rural

Management.

(Prof. H.S. Ganesha)

Faculty Guide

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CONTENTS

Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………..10-11

1.1) About Study Area: .........................................................................................................................................10

1.2) About ARS: ...................................................................................................................................................10

1.3) About Organization: ......................................................................................................................................10

1.4) Objective of study : .......................................................................................................................................10

1.5) Location of study area ................................................................................................................................... 11

2. METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………….…12-13

2.1) Different source of Data : ...................................................................................................................................13

2.1.1) Primary Data : ..............................................................................................................................................13

2.1.2) Secondary data : ...........................................................................................................................................13

2.2) Data Analysis : ....................................................................................................................................................13

3. FINDINGS………………………………………………………………………......…14-27

3.1) Social Structure of village : ...............................................................................................................................15

3.1.1) Population : ...............................................................................................................................................15

3.1.2) Caste Category : ...........................................................................................................................................16

3.1.3) Income Sources of household: .....................................................................................................................16

3.1.3.1) Primary Occupation: ................................................................................................................................17

3.1.4) Expenditure data of Village Household: ......................................................................................................18

3.1.5) Cultivation Practices: ...................................................................................................................................18

3.1.5.1) Annual data of crops taking by Households: ............................................................................................18

3.1.5.2) Double crop taking Households:...............................................................................................................19

3.1.5.3) Crop Production analysis: .........................................................................................................................20

3.1.6) Micro Enterprise: .........................................................................................................................................20

3.1.7) Livelihood Pattern: ......................................................................................................................................21

3.1.8) Land Holding & Crop Pattern:.....................................................................................................................21

3.1.9) Market Facilitation: .....................................................................................................................................24

3.1.10) Literacy Rate: ............................................................................................................................................24

3.2) Infrastructure of village : ....................................................................................................................................25

3.2.1) Roads: ..........................................................................................................................................................25

3.2.2) Electricity: ...................................................................................................................................................25

3.2.3) Communication: ..........................................................................................................................................25

3.3) Social Infrastructure: ..........................................................................................................................................25

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3.3.1) Educational status: .......................................................................................................................................25

3.3.2) Aanganwadi Centre:.....................................................................................................................................25

3.3.3) Drainage: .....................................................................................................................................................25

3.3.4) Defecation: ...................................................................................................................................................26

3.3.5) Institutional Data of Near by Village : .........................................................................................................26

4. PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL…………………………………………………28-31

4.1) Participatory Rural Appraisal: ............................................................................................................................29

4.2) Transect walk and Rapport building: ..................................................................................................................29

4.3) Mapping: .............................................................................................................................................................29

Fig: 4.3.1 Social Map .............................................................................................................................................29

Fig: 4.3.2 Resource Map ........................................................................................................................................30

Fig: 4.3.3 Vulnerability Map ..................................................................................................................................30

Fig: 4.3.4 Activity Clock ........................................................................................................................................31

Fig: 4.3.5 Venn Diagram ........................................................................................................................................31

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………32-33

5.1) Results of survey: ...............................................................................................................................................33

5.2) Suggestions : .......................................................................................................................................................33

6. RURAL ACTION COMPONENT…………………………………………………………34-45

6.1) Introduction : ......................................................................................................................................................35

6.2) Objectives: ..........................................................................................................................................................35

6.3) PROBLEM ANALYSIS: ....................................................................................................................................36

6.4) CASE STUDY: ...................................................................................................................................................37

6.4.1) Case study 1 .................................................................................................................................................37

6.4.2) Case study 2 .................................................................................................................................................39

6.5) MICRO PLANNING FOR VILLAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH ......................................................................41

6.5.1) Mushroom Cultivation .................................................................................................................................41

6.5.1.1) Cultivation of oyster mushroom: ..............................................................................................................41

6.5.1.2) Scientific characteristic of suggested mushroom: .....................................................................................41

6.5.1.3) Statement of total expenditure on mushroom cultivation: ........................................................................42

6.5.1.4) Scope for Mushroom production: .............................................................................................................43

6.5.2) Vermi-Compost ................................................................................................................................................43

6.5.2.1) Statement of total expenditure on Vermicomposting: ...............................................................................44

6.5.2.2) Benefit of Vermicomposting:- ..................................................................................................................45

6.5.2.3) Scope for Vermicomposting: ....................................................................................................................45

7. NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME…………………..……………………………………46-50

7.1) Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................47

7.2) Objective of NSS: ............................................................................................................................................47

7.3) Participation in Sanitation awareness in School: ................................................................................................48

7.4) Photos during ARS Survey: ................................................................................................................................50

7.5) References ..........................................................................................................................................................50

7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Title of project : Identification of Strategies for Reorient the Agro-horticultural Practices aimed to

strengthen the Rural Ecosystem.

Location : National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, haridwar District, Uttrakhand

Name of the students : Akash kumar Sahu, Sonali Gaikwad

Objectives : The main purpose of this fieldwork was to get practical experience of rural life and

understand village dynamics through close interaction with its people and institutions.

The objectives of the study are:

To understand the livelihood systems of the village.

To learn the village socio economic structure.

To understand the village life and realities, particularly identify the reason and problem in

village.

Learn PRA tools with the villagers.

Analyse their problems and offer practical solutions.

To understand the significance and role of various organization and community based

institutions.

Host Organization : National Institute of Hydrology (NIH) is a Government of India society under

Ministry of Water Resources and has been functioning as a research Institute in the area of hydrology

and water resources in the country since December 1978 in Roorkee City of Haridwar District.

Areas of Work :

Water conservation

Utilization practices of agricultural Land

Agro-horticulture practices for farmers

Current situation of Government schemes in village

Awareness for development of water catchment area

Evaluation of agricultural cost and output in different crops.

Sustainable agriculture model for village

https://sgp.undp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=275&Itemid=171

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Project Activities : This internship allows us to experience the rural scenario in present day. NIH

Roorkee given us this opportunity to face off the village condition and identify the problems of study

area. Starting 3 days we only visit the study area to identifying of resource persons and planning of

work. Our project areas are Masahi, Belki and Inayatpur village of Ibrahimpur Masahi Gram

Panchayat. This place has comes under in Hardiwar district of Uttrakhand state.

The study area has given us because organization had already started some hydrological projects. So

this will easier to rapport build and working with villagers. In this study area we conducted agricultural

survey to find out the current situation of economic condition of village. We had done the interview

schedule, focused group discussion with households that given us basic idea about the life style of

villagers. In the date of 25 Sep to 16 Oct’2016 we are engaged in organizational projects and

preparation of questionnaire development. In this we have asked to prepare questionnaire according to

our previous academics. After the submission of this developed questionnaire, we are gone the village

area to doing our households survey and learning. The PRA tools we have used to analyze the village

situation are Transect walk, Social map, Resource map, Vulnerability map, Venn diagram etc.

The survey work and PRA we had done within 3 weeks and after this assessment we again came back

to organization for preparation of report writing and assessment of village work. In the whole duration

of ARS part in the village we had done various types of activities briefly listed are:

Visited the block office, KVK (krishi Vigyan Kendra), Gram Panchayat office and Market

place of village. To get the secondary source of data for questionnaire schedule. We also met

with the KVK officer.

We also suggested the village people to utilize the pond boundary for agricultural practices.

Meeting with the 3 different categories for focused group discussion (old age people, Married

women’s, young Males).

Made the Micro-planning for strengthen the village ecosystem by Vermi-compost, Mushroom

Cultivation etc.

In NSS activities we had done sanitation awareness with the help of primary and middle

school. Also we teach them the importance of sanitation.

9

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1) About Study Area:

Masahi Kala, Belki and Inayatpur are small villages which located in Ibrahimpur gram panchayat of

Bhagwanpur Tehsil of Haridwar district, Uttarakhand, India. It comes under Ibrahimpur masahi

Panchayat. It belongs to bhagwanpur Division. It is located 34 KM towards West from District

headquarters Haridwar and 18 KM from block office bhagwanpur. With total around 370 household

residing. The main crops grown by the farmers are Wheat, Rice, Maize and Sugarcane.

1.2) About ARS:

Action Research Segment directly addresses the problem of the division between theory and practice

by integrating the development of practice with the construction of research knowledge in a cyclical

process. The purpose of all action research is to impart social change, with a specific action as the

ultimate goal.

1.3) About Organization:

National Institute of Hydrology is a Government of India society under Ministry of Water Resources

and has been functioning as a research Institute in the area of hydrology and water resources in the

country since December 1978 in Roorkee City of Haridwar District.

1.4) Objective of study :

• To study and conduct Research on Social, Cultural and economic aspects of the Rural

Communities and promote them.

• To promote all types of activities that aimed at the integral development of persons and

communities.

• To help, devise schemes and projects and help to execute them which will assist the village

towards elimination of poverty and misery.

• To promote efficient irrigation pattern for agricultural aligned activities.

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1.5) LOCATION OF STUDY AREA

Image 1.1 Source: Google map

12

CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY

13

2. METHODOLOGY

The data collected are on demography, social structure, infrastructure facilities, agro-climatic

resources, village economy, village organizations and people’s institutions and the issues of

development. Both Quantitative and Qualitative data were collected. The quantitative data were on

population, land holding, literacy rate. The qualitative data were quality of drinking water, quality of

the road, housing pattern, sanitation, food habit which were obtained from the village after the

interaction with the villagers and with use of tools like PRAs, Focused Group discussion, informal

meetings. Then by the active participation of villagers we did participatory rural appraisal to collect

data and identify problems.

2.1) Different source of Data : The collection of household survey data we are using both

primary and secondary data.

2.1.1) Primary Data :

In Primary data collection we are using the convenience sampling method. Which we have

conducted the survey from Masahi Village is 31, Belki 25 and Inayatpur is 18 total 74 house

hold we have done village survey out of 370 households.

The collection of primary data we had mainly used this method to find the socio-cultural

situation among different communities.

2.1.2) Secondary data :

We collected secondary data from Gram Panchayat, Block head office, National Institute of Hydrology

and local community members Anganwadi, Primary School, Sarpanch and Internet.

2.2) Data Analysis : We have used statistical methods and tools to analyze data. We used Statistical tools like tables,

graphs, bar charts, averages, percentages etc. were used to analyze the data collected on various things

like, caste, sex ratio, different occupations, expenditure, assets, land holding pattern, literacy level, and

different infrastructure like road, electrification etc.

14

CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS

15

3. FINDINGS

As part of the field work module of Village Study Segment course, we conducted survey of village

Masahi kala, Belki and Inayatpur in Ibrahimpur Masahi gram panchayat of Bhagwanpur block of

Haridwar district of Uttrakhand. We were assigned a host organization, a central government

organization named National Institute of Hydrology working in the roorkee city of Haridwar district of

Uttrakhand. We had the opportunity to closely observe the various forms of interventions and

interactions taking place within the village and understand the impact of such interventions on the lives

of the people of the village.

3.1) Social Structure of village :

3.1.1) Population :

In Masahi Kala village population is 1472, and in Belki is around 700 and in Inayatpur village total

population is 910.

Hamlet No. of HH Male Female Total

Masahi kala 155 770 702 1472

Belki 125 495 415 910

Inayatpur 90 366 334 700

Total 370 1631 1451 3082

Source: Village Survey

16

3.1.2) Caste Category :

In the village we had find only the SC and OBC category under this many types of caste like Saini,

Banjare, Gadriye, etc.

Source: Village Gram Panchayat Source: Village Gram Panchayat

3.1.3) Income Sources of household:

The village people mainly depend on agriculture. It is very tough challenge for us to find out the

income amount of villagers. The time of survey even we asked for their income amount they react

scared to give original data, because they thought that we might be using this to giving government

bodies. Otherwise they feel free to share their condition. In the village majorly people belongs to

agricultural aligned activities like cultivation, Agricultural labor, milk production etc. In other hand the

people not having land most of them migrates to the nearby Sugarcane Factory for earnings.


58.49%

41.50%

Population Chart

Male Female

58.67%

41.33%

Caste Category

OBC SC

29.60%

0.30%

7.60%

19.70%

5.30%

10.40%

1.30%

25.80% Income chart

Cultivation

Collection of non-timber

Agri. Labour

Non-agri. Labour

Petty business

Govt. Job

Milk production

Others(Priv job, Factorygoing etc.)

17

3.1.3.1) Primary Occupation:

The primary occupations of households are mainly engaged in labor work it is 53% of total. It has been

shown in the pie chart as well as the 27% households are in agriculture and agriculture related sector.

Source: Village survey

Most of the village households are involved in more than 1 occupation ie. agriculture and labor or

agriculture and petty business, So that we had classify it in number of Household and number of

occupation.


Occupation No. Of HH

Agriculture 6

Agri. Labor 9

Business 1

Contractor 1

Cultivation 14

Govt. Job 1

Labor 40

Tailor 1

Teacher 1

Total 74

No. Of Occupation No. Of HH

1 29

2 30

3 11

4 03

5 1

Total 74

18

3.1.4) Expenditure data of Village Household:

According to the data of income they are expending more than that. It is very tough situation to relate

this data but after 4-5 household survey we realized that this may happen because they are not

regularly earn. They got mostly seasonal income only, for their needs sometimes they also face very

trouble situation.


3.1.5) Cultivation Practices:

In the different type of season the farmers are taken practice of different crop. According to

information that we got from the village survey we identified the major regions of their cultivation

practice that shows in figure below:

3.1.5.1) Annual data of crops taking by Households:

In the survey data we analyzed that various types has been grown by the farmers. In this we calculate

the number of crop which produced annually. This data covered all surveyed households and number

of crops also.

32.78%

12.33%

8.97% 7.64%

12.17%

7.21%

3.69%

8.22%

2.54% 0.04

Expenditure Chart

Food Clothing Health Education

Ceremonials/rituals Transport Electricity Repay of loan

Fuel Others

19


3.1.5.2) Double crop taking Households:

In the village there are many households they also grown twice in a year. In this way we categorized

the both crops which practiced annually by the farmers and number of those farmers also..


Crop Name Grow Don’t grow

Wheat 36 38

Paddy 13 61

Sugarcane 18 56

Mango 7 67

Ground Nut 4 70

Peanut 2 72

vegetables 1 73

20

3.1.5.3) Crop Production analysis:

The analysis of crop production we had done by surveyed household. Among all crops which practiced

by village farmers we conclude it on the basis of area under production and output.

S.No. Crop name Area under production (in Acre)

Total production (in quintal)

Average production (in quintal)

1. Wheat 36 485 13.5 2. Mango 23 1167 50.74 3. Sugarcane 19.5 2000 103 4. Groundnut 4.25 54.2 12.75 5. Maize 1.2 12 10 6. Cucumber 0.75 20 26.67 7. Peanut 1 4 4 8. Vegetables 1.5 2 1.33


3.1.6) Micro Enterprise:

Out of 176 households only Six households have small shop which keeps some basic need items like,

bulb, sugar, tea, biscuit, snacks, soap, hair oil, Matchbox, etc. There are two Carpenter making Wood

machineries related to agriculture, khat, chair, home doors and windows. One diesel auto rikshaw

owned person, two peoples are well engaged in Tailoring work.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

13.5

50.74

103

12.75 10

26.67

4 1.33

Average production (in quintal/acre)

Average production (in quintal)

21

3.1.7) Livelihood Pattern:

The livelihood of villagers is multidimensional; people are engaged in a number of activities. Villagers

try to do maximum work to access the family needs. Most of the people in the village have agriculture

as the primary source of income, apart from this they also do work as wage laborers in government

schemes or private works. If they do not have work in village they migrate to nearby Sugarcane factory

of Bhagwanpur as labour employee to earn some livelihood.


3.1.8) Land Holding & Crop Pattern:

In village 23.61% house doesn’t access any agricultural land. In that situation only 76.93% of total

household does have been able to do agriculture. Rather in this situation unfortunately those landless

have no option to do only labour work because most of them are unskilled.

Ground

Nut Mang

o Paddy Peanu

t vegetable

s Whea

t Grand

Total Marginal (2.5 acre) 2 1 2 1 1 18 25 Small (2.5 - 5 acre) 5 8 13

Semi- Medium (5 -10

acre) 1 5 7 13

Grand Total 2 7 7 1 1 33 51

54.00%31.00%

8.00%

3%4%

Livelihood Chart

Non Agri. Labour Farmer Agricultural Labour Govt. Job others

22


23

3.1.8.1) BPL households land holding and crop taking practice:

S. No.

Land

accessible

HH

Landless

HH

CROP TAKEN IN NUMBER LAND AREA

3 or

more

Double

crop

Single

crop Landless

Marginal

(up to 2.5

acre)

Small

(2.5-5

acre)

Semi-

medium

(5-10

acre)

No.

Of

HH 49 16 13 15 21 16 25 12 14

Out

of

65 65 49 49 49 49 49 49 49



3.1.8.2) APL household land holding and crop taking practice:

13 15 21

49 49 49

MORE THAN 2 CROP MORE THAN 1 CROP SINGLE CROP

CROP TAKING PRACTICE OF BPL HOUSEHOLD

Series1 Series2

24%

37%

18%

21%

LAND OWING DATA OF BPL HOUSEHOLD

Landless

Marginal (upto2.5 acre)

Small (2.5-5acre)

Semi-medium(5-10 acre)

S. No.

Land

accessible

HH

CROP TAKEN IN NUMBER LAND AREA

3 or more Double crop

Single crop

Marginal

(up to 2.5

acre)

Small

(2.5-5 acre)

Semi-

medium

(5-10 acre)

No. Of HH 9 2 3 4 3 3 3

Out of 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

24


3.1.9) Market Facilitation:

The nearest market available for the villagers is at Haddipur. It is a small market but all basic need

essential are easily available in this area like Kirana store, Machinery shops, mobile shop, bike

repairing shop, seed and fertilizer shop, Petrol pump, Stationary shop, etc. For all kind of basic

amenities fulfilled by this place. The major transport facility like Auto and Mini bus had also

facilitated by this place. People who wants to go Block office (Bhagwanpur) or bank (PNB & SBI go

to Piran Kaliyar) they need to came this place then they got any kind of public transport.

3.1.10) Literacy Rate:

In village survey we find that 384 out of 411 are above than 6 years in this only 299 are only literate.


2 3

4

9 9 9

MORE THAN 2 CROP MORE THAN 1 CROP SINGLE CROP

CROP TAKING PRACTICE OF APL HOUSEHOLD

Series1 Series2

34%

33%

33%

LAND OWING DATA OF APL HOUSEHOLD

Marginal (upto2.5 acre)

Small (2.5-5 acre)

Semi-medium (5-10 acre)

25

3.2) Infrastructure of village :

3.2.1) Roads:

The village is well connected through a concrete Road. It’s very well connects to nearby all the village.

3.2.2) Electricity:

The village was well electrified but most of the house hold doesn’t proper electrify with electric meter

connection. As present now most of the household has applied application for it and government has

try to cover this work.

3.2.3) Communication:

The village had almost every house having the mobile phones. The well connecting SIM network are

BSNL, IDEA, AIRTEL and VODAFONE. In the near place of village at Haddipur having tower of an

IDEA network so, people most preferring for IDEA sim.

3.3) Social Infrastructure:

3.3.1) Educational status:

There is one Primary school in the village; Middle school is situated in outer boundary of village. But

the teaching has done through merged class standard ie 1st, 2

nd & 3

rd classes will take in same class.

They are allowed to sit in same class and separately take the teaching era.

3.3.2) Aanganwadi Centre:

The Anganwadi is having its own building. Anganwadi worker and Asha are in village itself and are

working efficiently. They provide services like Supplementary nutrition, Non-formal pre-school

education, Immunization, Health Check-up, Referral services, Nutrition and Health Education.

3.3.3) Drainage:

Drainage is a major problem in the village because there is lack of drainage line on both side of roads,

even road is pucca but to this bad situation day by day road is degrading the quality of it.

26

3.3.4) Defecation:

54% of the houses in the village practice open defecation while the rest have own toilet facilities.

Households having toilet facility but males mostly prefer to go in the open for defecation; toilets are

mostly used by Women, small children’s and old age peoples.

Source: Anganwadi

3.3.5) Institutional Data of Near by Village :

From To Institutions Distance

Masahi Kala Haridwar Railway Station 33 KM

Masahi Kala Roorkee Railway Station 21 KM

Masahi Kala Haridwar District Headquarter 34 KM

Masahi Kala Bhagwanpur Tehsil 18 KM

Masahi Kala Bhagwanpur Janpath 18 KM

Masahi Kala Haddipur Primary Health Centre 4 KM

Masahi Kala Piran kaliyar Veterinary Hospital 10 KM

Masahi Kala Piran kaliyar Police Station 10 KM

Masahi Kala Piran kaliyar State Bank of India 10.5 KM

Masahi Kala Haddipur Market 3.8 KM

46.75%53.24%

Independent

Open defecation

27

Masahi Kala Piran kaliyar Cooperative Bank 10.5 KM

Masahi Kala Haddipur Cattle market 4 KM

Masahi Kala Haddipur High School 4 KM

Masahi Kala Haddipur Middle School 4 KM

Masahi Kala Piran kaliyar Bus Stand 10.5 KM

Masahi Kala Ibrahimpur PDS 2.4 KM

Masahi Kala Ibrahimpur Gram Panchayat 2.4 KM

Masahi Kala Ibrahimpur Anganwadi centre 2.4 KM

Masahi Kala Inside Village Primary School 0 KM

Masahi Kala Inside Village Temple 0 KM

Source: PRA

28

CHAPTER 4 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL

29

4. PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL

4.1) Participatory Rural Appraisal:

Participatory techniques used to build rapport, elicit support, information and participation of the

people in their own development.

4.2) Transect walk and Rapport building:

The first day of village study we were walking through areas of interest to observe, to listen, to identify

different zones or conditions, and to ask questions to identify problems and possible solutions. With

this method, we can quickly learn about topography, soils, land use, forests, watersheds, and

community assets. We also had done rapport building with the village peoples that helped us for

further households and NSS activities.

4.3) Mapping: We have made the different types of maps to identified different social and

community based region and resources of village house hold. The maps we had made are followings:

Fig: 4.3.1 Social Map Source: PRA

30

Fig: 4.3.2 Resource Map Source: PRA

Fig: 4.3.3 Vulnerability Map Source: PRA

31

Fig: 4.3.4 Activity Clock Source: PRA

Fig: 4.3.5 Venn Diagram Source: PRA

32

CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

33

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1) Results of survey: The focused people in the 74 household surveys of 3 villages had agriculture is the primary

source of earning and livelihood.

The geographical condition of this area is suitable for good production of agriculture and there

is good level of ground water.

Farmer who’s accessible for agricultural land are mostly using yearly crop (ie. sugarcane) or

grows maize, rice, wheat, and mustard majorly.

The villages have poor connectivity with market or government mandi.

Community based facilities are in very poor condition ie. Due to low drainage facility water

flows on roads and ultimately road degrades its quality.

Farmers are ignorant about the crop disease and animal disease because there is no any

veterinary center also.

Demand for health insurance is very high and also there is need for warehouse facility.

The people don’t want work with other community ie. Saini caste which comes in OBC and

gadariye caste comes in SC, they don’t work with help of each other and same work also.

In distress periods the villagers migrate to other places for earning their livelihood, also they

ask credit from the informal sources on high interest rates to meet their financial need.

5.2) Suggestions:

Provide awareness amp among advance agriculture techniques through KVK.

Using of drainage system will helps to maintain the road quality.

Crop rotation, crop diversification helps to gain more profit as well as for optimum utilization

of land.

Veterinary center should open in gram panchayat of village so it will help to treatment of

disease and other services related to livestock.

Open at least on women SHG’s that will helps to women as well as for their empowerment.

Agriculture consultant is required in the villages due to lack of adequate facilities.

In the gram panchayat area is also need a primary health center so that village people can

access the treatment of small disease or fever.

34

CHAPTER 6 RURAL ACTION COMPONENT

35

6. RURAL ACTION COMPONENT

6.1) Introduction :

National Institute of Hydrology has given the work area of village Masahi, Belki and Inayatpur. These

areas mainly 80 percent of the villagers are engaged in agriculture or agricultural related work and the

rest are engaged in either small-scale business or employed in service sector. The land of this region is

quite fertile, so multiple cropping is less practiced. Important towns near to village are Bhagwanpur,

Roorkee and Haridwar. Due to haridwar district location because bank of river Ganga, it has plenty of

water level and almost all kind of food grains are produced here in abundance. The temperature during

summer months ranges from 15 – 42oC, while in the winter months the temperature varies within 6–

16.6oC. Monsoon rains occurs mainly during June month.

6.2) Objectives:

To study and conduct Research on Social, Cultural and economic aspects of the Rural

Communities and promote them.

Facilitate better linkages between community institutions and the panchayat for betterment of

village.

To promote all types of activities that aimed at the integral development of persons and

communities.

To promote efficient irrigation pattern for agricultural aligned activities.

Identify the adequate areas and appropriate locations for establishment of small industry, office,

SHG’s that will not degrade the character of the surrounding natural, cultural, ethical and

physical bodies.

To assist local communities in setting a strategic direction and priorities to implement village

development plan.

36

6.3) PROBLEM ANALYSIS:

Most of the villagers are marginal farmers and no big farmers are there. It means they have been low

land availability problem. There lands are distributed in very large distance thereby doesn’t cover up

the more productive farming.

People don’t want to change their occupational behaviour and traditional pattern of agriculture

aligned activities. They are habitual of traditional methods because it’s easy to practice and

they are followers practitioner for each other, so its help them to taken care of crop.

One of most issue is they are using traditional pattern of agriculture and no awareness among

new modern techniques of agriculture.

They don’t agree to work in Self Help Group and also don’t want initiate this type of think.

There having different caste and the people are not believing for trust-able issues like Who will

take care for daily basis fund, HR, market etc.

Village has facing community feature problems like No primary health centre, High school. It’s

a core factor to decrease the community development of village.

No facilitation of SHG’s - They are biased in nature they don’t want do work in group.

Boundary is not done in Crop field - Due this lake of practice they not taken care of crop its

affects indirectly by outsourcing factor.

Sloppy areas damaging to proper drainage management - The place of village is very

undulating region so that the water will not conserve in proper manner.

Not proper transport facility for village - The village is very far from main market and all other

major need requirement is fulfilled by if those place they go.

Prevalence of the “Chalta Hai” type attitude - They are not much interested to do any extra

income generating option so it’s tough to innovate them any idea.

Women empowerment - The male person of village they don’t want to suggest there housewife

to do work in Self-help Group. But the female people of village wanted to join to get extra

source of income.

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6.4) CASE STUDY:

6.4.1) Case study 1

Name: Rambharosh Saini Age: 48

Marital Status: Married Educational Qualification: 5th

pass

Address:

Village: Masahi Kala PO. Ibrahimpur Masahi

Block: Bhagwanpur District: Haridwar

State: Uttrakhand

Personal Information:

Caste: Other Backward Class Total Member in Family: 5

Religion: Hindu Present Family Income: 6000Rs./month

Background:

Rambharosh Saini is landless person. His family having total 5 members including he and her wife and

3 child. He has started this business in the year of 2005. Because of he has not availability of any kind

of assets for agriculture he doesn’t go for that. Rambharosh is only 5th

class pass person he has not any

kind of piece of land. The village is not having any kind of government schemes for unemployed

persons.

How business started:

Rambharosh having lake of any kind of assets he realized that its very tough to live without

employement. He observed that every person of village buys cloths from nearby city on the time of

festivals. So that he go for the tailoring shop of that place and ask to give training himself. Through

this he has worked as helper in that shop and after 2 year he realized that he is a skilled guy to make

garments. He thought where I can start my business so he find that in his home having a small room

that is used as a store room in which he started a small tailoring shop. He also sieves the old cloths that

required repairing through this he started good small daily earnings. After his good skill of work he has

famous person for nearby two to four villages. So if any person wants to garments he gives order to

Rambharosh. In this way today he has good name in market and every month he earned a good amount

of money that fulfill their basic amenities of house.

38

Fig: 6.4.1.1 Rambharosh Tailoring Shop Source: Village Survey

Through a long time of hard work he has expand his business at present he has one sieving machine,

one inter lock machine and all the assets having own self. So he reduces his cost of manufacturing and

gets more profit rather than past.

39

6.4.2) Case study 2

Name: Purrushottam Saini Age: 44

Marital Status: Married Educational Qualification: 8th

pass

Address:

Village: Masahi Kala PO. Ibrahimpur Masahi

Block: Bhagwanpur District: Haridwar

State: Uttrakhand

Personal Information:

Caste: Other Backward Class Total Member in Family: 6

Religion: Hindu Present Family Income: 2000-3000Rs./month

Background:

Purrushottam Saini is having only 2 bigha of land. His family having total 6 members including he and

her wife and 4 child. He has started this business in 3 months back. He also doing agriculture but level

of profit is not enough to run his household economy. Her wife also participated in agriculture. All

child of Purrushottam are school going and they are also helps sometimes in agriculture work.

How business Started:

Purrushottam having a less amount of land and present scenario its not enough to gain more profit

agriculture by traditional pattern. He faces a big challenge to run his house hold economy. After a long

days occupied in agriculture he realized to do another part time work for his income. So he took for

market to do any small business than he observe that in his village having no any source of sweet and

fast-food kind of shop. And his house front site also having free space to create small open shade based

shop. So he done this open type tent based shop and started his small business.

In started with made samosa and bread pakoda and fixed the price for that @ 2 samosa = 10 Rs same

for bread also. He gained first month only 500 rupees because people are not known his shop, but still

he continues because the village having many small kids and also evening time they visit across his

shop. This had given him opportunity to sale more so still he continued.

40

Fig 6.4.2.1: Purrushottam fast-food shop Source: Village Survey

At present he done 3 months and he told us that he gained the profit previous month around 2000

rupees and his shop is well promoted by other village people so nearby another village people also

came to his shop.

41

6.5) MICRO PLANNING FOR VILLAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH

6.5.1) Mushroom Cultivation

Mushroom is rich of protein material and it is very low cost input required to grow it. To suggest this

technique we mainly focus to the Belki village because there having very low amount of agricultural

land accessibility. Through this they required less amount of area, input cost and got daily earnings.

Belki people having labour work significantly so they can transport it on nearby hotels and market the

time of going to labour in cities. In another way they took firstly surrounding demand and then grow in

huge range. As well as they also use it for self-consumption whenever they don’t have vegetable option

also.

6.5.1.1) Cultivation of oyster mushroom:

Introduction: Oyster mushroom scientifically known as pleurotus. In india also commonly known as

“dingri”. The dingri mushroom are excellent nutritional value.Oyster mushroom is the good sources of

dietary protein food. Cultivation of oyster mushroom having ability to convert lignocelullosic waste

material in to high quality food material. Oyster mushroom was first cultivation at 1917 in Germany by

flank. First cultivation of oyster mushroom by using tree stump & wood logs. Pleurotus sajor-caju was

first reported by jandik & kapoor. The mushroom can be grown at temperature 20 to 25c & Relative

humidity 80 to 90 %. It can be grown all over the world due to simple cultivation technology, pleasant

flavor and long shelf life. The mushroom is used in different recipes like pulav, pakoda, omlet, cutlet,

mushroom masala etc.

6.5.1.2) Scientific characteristic of suggested mushroom:

Scientific name: Pleurotus spp.

Phylum: Basidiomycotina

Class: Basidiomycetes

Sub-class: Holobasidiomycetidae

Genus: Pleurotus

Species: Sajor caju, sapidus, ostreatus, eous, membranaceous, florida,

citrinopileatus, flabellatus.

42

6.5.1.3) Statement of total expenditure on mushroom cultivation:

Source: Jeevika Foundation, Bihar

S.

no.

Expenditure (15*30 feet)

450 square feet Quantity Unit

1st

Quarterly

2nd

Quarterly

3rd

Quarterly

4th

Quarterly

1. Polythene 2 kg Rs 200 200 200 200

2. Wheat Husk 250kg Rs 500 500 500 500

3. Mushroom Seeds 30kg Rs 900 900 900 900

4. Formalin 1 Lt Rs 240 240 240 240

5. Bavistin / Carbandanzin 500gm Rs 250 250 250 250

6. Lime 1Kg Rs 10 10 10 10

7. Thermometer 1 Rs 60 0 0 0

8. Air Cooler 1 Rs 3500 0 0 0

9. Gunny Bags 100 Rs 1000 0 0 0

10. Electricity Bill - Rs 200 200 200 200

11. Room Rent - Rs 500 500 500 500

12. Labor 3 Rs 300 300 300 300

13. packaging ( polythene) 3kg Rs 300 300 300 300

14. Total Expenditure/Quarterly 7960 3400 3400 3400

15. Production (15*30 feet) 450

square feet

16. Approx Mushroom Yield kg 350 350 350 350

17. selling price of mushroom/ kg

(expected) Rs 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200

18. Total Income/Quarterly

(expected) 35000-70,000 35,000-70,000 35000-70,000 35000-70,000

19. profit(15*30 feet) 450 square

feet

20. Total profit/Quaterly (expected) 27040-62,040 31600-66,600 31600-66,600 31600-66,600

21. Total Expenditure/Annum Rs. 18160

22. Total Income/Annum Rs. 140000

23. Total Profit/Annum Rs.

121840 –

261,840

43

6.5.1.4) Scope for Mushroom production:

In the village Masahi, Belki and nearby villages mostly likes vegetarian food so mushroom is

rich of protein resources it can be also buy for alternative of vegetables.

As the haridwar is pilgrims place so if the proper market linkage will creates to village so it

also be grow in large level and more beneficial.

As the village farmers are having low amount of assets, so its practicably good for

microenterprise business.

Also they can sale it nearby restaurant and get monthly income.

6.5.2) Vermi-Compost

Vermicompost is the product of the composting process using various species of worms, dung and

degradable products etc. Through this we can utilize all the organic components into manure form. The

vermicompost is very productive form of compost that utilize the soil materials in to protein. The

vermicomost also help to increasing the fertility of soil as well production of crop.

In belki and Inayatpur, Masahi its very useful component for their farm lands, because in all

three village having livestock and they are not using any kind of composting method through this they

can utilize their waste material in to compost form. As we seen in the village they are using open

storage of waste material that spread through rain water and its harmful for their village. It’s required a

very low volume of area that can be only 2-5 feet2

that easily access in small piece of land. It’s also

helping them to store their daily wastage in it.

The total cost of production and Output data tables showed in following table:

44

6.5.2.1) Statement of total expenditure on Vermicomposting:

S.No. Expenditure (4*3*2 feet) Unit 1st Quarterly 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarterly 4th Quarterly

A

Bricks Rs 210 0 0 0

Plastic Materials Rs. 100 0 0 0

Net Rs 100 0 0 0

CowDung kg 315 630 630 630

CowDung consumed by earthworm Kg 63 126 126 126

CowDung price Rs 1102.5 2205 2205 2205

Earthworm price Rs 350 0 0 0

Juit Bag Rs 90 90 90 90

Transportation Cost Rs. 250 250 250 250

Total Expenditure/Annum Rs 2202.5 2545 2545 2545

B

Production (4*3*2 feet)

Vermi Compost kg 252 504 504 504

Saling price of vermincompost/kg Rs 10-15 10-15 10-15 10-15

Total Income/Annum 2520-3750 5040-7560 5040-7560 5040-7560

C

Total profit/Quaterly 318-1548 2495-5015 2495-5015 2495-5015

D

Total expense/year Rs. 9837.5

Total Income/year Rs. 17640-26430

Total Profit/year Rs. 7803-16593

Source: Jeevika Foundation, Bihar

45

6.5.2.2) Benefit of Vermicomposting:-

Reduction of noxious qualities of a wide variety of organic waste, elimination of smell,

reduction of harmful microorganisms

Production of marketable organic fertilizer

Production of aqua life, birds and animal food or even human food by drying earthworms

Additional benefit to the farmers

Increases soil fertility and bacterial activity in the soil

Increases micro grains in the soil and enhances water absorption capacity

Helps the plant root get air easily

Increases plant resistance to pests, fungus and other deceases

6.5.2.3) Scope for Vermicomposting:

The Masahi village and gram panchayat Ibrahimpur 80% of total farmer having accessible to

orchard from 1 acre to 10 acre. This area required high volume of manure twice to thrice yearly

so its big opportunity for producer of vermicompost.

Farmers are mostly using the chemical fertilizer so in place of that if vermicompost can use so

it also increases their soil fertility as well production also.

In the bagwanpur block most of area covered with mango orchard so also it can be sale to these

places also.

46

CHAPTER 7 NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME

47

7. NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME

7.1) Introduction

National Service Scheme was launched in year 1969 with a motto “Not Me, But You” which means the

service for others without being selfish. It is a service through which the nation’s Youth can develop

the community welfare Programs. The NSS promotes the volunteers to come ahead and put their effort

and help to aware the community through campaigning, drama, role play etc.

The NSS is directly relevant to the Rural Management student, because the student of RM are

supposed to work under Rural Areas and give the development program for the inclusive development

in Rural Areas. Thus NSS is also a part of development activity and therefore is very meaningful for

the Rural Management students.

This NSS activity helps to build direct linkages between Community and Campus, College and

Village, Knowledge and Action, Thinking and Implementation through the involvement of local

community.

7.2) Objective of NSS:

To work with local community for their awareness and development.

To encourage students for daily attendance at the school

To assimilate and incorporate environmental values in the education

To aware the villagers specially women about the Pulse Polio Drop and its importance for their

nascent child.

To support the government schemes.

To inform the women about the other useful vaccination i.e., ECG, BCG etc

To motivate small children to go to School.

48

7.3) Participation in Sanitation awareness in School:

After done our village households survey we observed that village facing various sanitation problems

Drainage, drinking water and Toilet. We have decided to make awareness between villagers, So we

start this awareness initiatives from Primary school and Middle school. We teach the importance of

sanitation and water related knowledge among students.

We also approach to school students to learn and know how it’s important to protect from diseases and

future problems. After this segment we also arranged a rally for whole village coverage. We have done

this rally with support of primary and middle school students of village. We find that the students are

very interested in rally segment, because we teach them earlier for this importance they are taken very

extreme interest. This has helped us to successfully done this NSS activity.


49


50

7.4) Photos during ARS Survey:


51

References:

Gram Panchayat Ibrahimpur

Block office bhagwanpur

Aanganwadi centre of village

Research reports given by National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee

Agriculture techniques by Jeevika foundation, Bihar

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dhanauri of Bhagwanpur block

Using of different internet sources:

http://rp5.in/Weather_in_Bhagwanpur,_Uttarakhand/(checked on 28 Nov 2016)

http://efreshglobal.com/efresh/Content/Country.aspx?u=utk (Checked on 2 Dec 2016)

List of Abbreviations:

PRA: Participatory Rural Appraisal

SHG’s: Self Help Groups

PDS: Public Distribution System

Mandi: local name of Government Crop purchasing Place

NSS: National Service Scheme

HH: House Hold

ARS: Action Research Segment

RAC: Rural Action Component

HR: Human Resource

SC: Schedule Caste

ST: Schedule Tribes

PHC: Public Health Centre

PNB: Punjab National Bank

GP: Gram Panchayat

http://rp5.in/Weather_in_Bhagwanpur,_Uttarakhand/(checked%20on%2028

http://efreshglobal.com/efresh/Content/Country.aspx?u=utk