arousal and activation
DESCRIPTION
Arousal and Activation. ESS2710 SPORT PSYCHOLOGY SEMINAR PRESENTATION 13-03-2013 Jie, Li-Juan Mason, Charlotte Reynolds, Karl . Case. A footballer, who plays in goal, has not been playing well recently. He often feels he is not very “ psyched-up ” before matches, and feels - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Arousal and ActivationESS2710 SPORT PSYCHOLOGY SEMINAR PRESENTATION
13-03-2013Jie, Li-Juan
Mason, CharlotteReynolds, Karl
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Case
A footballer, who plays in goal, has not beenplaying well recently. He often feels he is not very “psyched-up” before matches, and feels that during matches he is slow to make decisions and react to situations.
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ArousalLow High
Body at rest Mentally and physically activated
Parasympathetic nervous system Activation sympathetic nervous system Heart rates, respiration, sweating
Rest-and-digest Alert: fight-flight-freeze response
‘Arousal is a general physiological and psychological activation, varying on a continuum from deep sleep to intense excitement’(Weinberg and Gould, 3rd edition)
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Arousal
• ‘..consists of neutral excitation on continuum ranging from a comatose state to a state of extreme excitement as might be manifested in a panic attack’ (Malmo, 1959).
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Multi-dimensional construct
Lacey (1967)addressed a multi-dimensional construct for arousal and included 3 types of arousal to consider:1)Electrocortical (brain) 2) Autonomic (nervous system) 3) Behavioural
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What is optimal arousal?
Oxedine (1970,1984) defined optimal levels of arousal were dependent upon the type of task and its complexity -Gross motor activities-Fine motor control-Above average arousal level
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Activation
• “… refers to a cognitive and physiological activity geared towards preparing a planned response to an anticipated situation” (Pribram & McGuinness, 1975)
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Arousal and activation
• Arousal and Activation have been differently defined in terms of their origin and their function. The former has been defined as the energetic state at a particular time; the latter, as the change in arousal from a resting state to the task situation.
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Theories/Models
• Drive Theory (Spence & Spence, 1966)• The Inverted-U Hypothesis (Landers and
Arent, 2001)• Humphrey and Revelle, 1984• Model of stress and human performance
(Sanders, 1983)
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(Spence & Spence, 1966) (Landers and Arent, 2001)
Social facilitation theory , Zajonc, 1966
Cue utilization theory, Easterbrook, 1959
Oxadine, 1970, 1984
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Case
A footballer, who plays in goal, has not beenplaying well recently. He often feels he is not very “psyched-up” before matches, and feels that during matches he is slow to make decisions and react to situations.
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Interventions• Breathing
By employing breathing techniques you can increase activation by stimulating more adrenaline.
• Energizing imageryVisualising past successes.Going through the steps of how to successfully perform a motor task.
• Self-talkReinforcing positive cognitions, such as ‘You can do this’, and eliminating negative thoughts, such as ‘You’re rubbish’.(Latinjak, Torregrosa & Renom, 2010).
• MusicListening to high tempo music before competition to increase activation levels.
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Humphrey and Revelle, 1984
• Which aspects does he need to change?• Which intervention(s) would you use to help
him? A footballer, who plays in goal, has not beenplaying well recently. He often feels he is not very “psyched-up” before matches, and feels that during matches he is slow to make decisions and react to situations.