area estimates of land cover and land management...

LULUCF Workshop, Stresa (IT), 26.-27. April, 2017

Area Estimates of Land Cover and Land Management

from Statistical Data

Roland Hiederer, Raul Abad-Viñas, Giacomo Grassi, Tibor Priwitzer, Simone Rossi European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra

Estimating Areas at NUTS Levels 0, 1 and 2for 1970 - 2015

2

1. Purpose

Estimate CO2 emissions/removals from Cropland and Grazing Land Management

Based on changes in soil C-stocks from changes in Land Use:

• Consistent representation of whole area

• Includes changes between management activities

• Contains all relevant changes within a management activity

Land Use Conditions affecting C-stocks are divided into 3 Factors:

• Land use/cover

• Management

• Input

Data on annual change of land use factors.

3

1. Data Processing

Input to Spatial processing for CO2 emission/removal

Spatial Allocationof Management

Models

1990 2010 2015 202020001970 2050

Run-up period Base period

Tier 1IPCC

Tier 3ROTH-C

ProcessingStatistical Data

CO removals/emissions

from CM and GM2

Territorial Reference Scenario 2017

2020 - 2050*

Changes in SOC Stocks0-30cm [ ]t C ha year

-1 -1

BaselineBaseline

1970 - 2015 1970 - 2015

* Land use change from Territorial Reference Scenario 2017

1970 - 2010 - ...2010

ProjectionActual

Pro

cessin

gPeriod

4

2. Data Requirements

Perennial

Cover

Annual

Crop

Rice

cultivation

Perennial

Crop

Set-aside

< 20 years

Medium

C input

Low

C input

Medium

C input

Medium

C input

Low

C input

Medium

C input

Low

C input

Medium

C input

High C input

with organic

amendments

High C input

without org.

amendments

Crop residues

removed or

burnt

Organic

amendments

Low residue

crops or rotation

with bare fallow

N-min fertiliser

or N-fixing crop

Organic

amendments

Practice

increasing C

input by

enhancing

residues

Practice

increasing C

input by

enhancing

residues

Increase above low residues, for

example:

- organic amendments,

- cover crops/green manures,

- mixed crop/grass systems.

Enhancing residues, for example:

- cover crops/green manures,

- mixed crop/grass systems,

- irrigation,

- vegetated fallows,

- high residue yielding crops.

Low residues, for example:

- cotton,

- vegetables,

- tobacco,

- no mineral fertilizer or N-fixing crops*

5.2.1.4 Woody perennial cover

Practice

increasing C

input above

low residue

varieties

* from Table 5.5, 2006 GNGHGI

Mineral or organic amendments.

no

no

yes

yes

yes

no

yes

no

yes yes

yes

no no

no no

yes

Factor: CM Input FI

DataNeed

3. Data Sources

Primary Source: Eurostat http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database

• Farm Structure (ef)

• Agricultural Production (apro)

• Regional Agricultural Statistics (agr_r)

Ancillary Source: FAOSTAT http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data

• Production

• Input

• Aquastat http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en

Database structure changed in 2016 for Eurostat and FAOSTAT

Data are frequently and irregularly updated.

Present status for processing: January, 2017

Statistical Data

6

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EUROSTAT Statistical AtlasSpatial presentation of statistical data

Statistics and NUTS ClassificationNomenclature of territorial units for statistics

Statistical data linked to administrative Units. The Units are spatially defined, which allows a representation of the data as maps.

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base

3. Data Sources

Eurostat NUTS Data

7

3. Data Sources

Domains and coverage (extract)Data Name Source Comment Data

Type

Spatial

Reference

Temporal

Coverage

aei_fm_manfert Eurostat,

Fertilizers Europe

Consumption estimate of

manufactured fertilizers, N fertiliser

statistical NUTS 0 1985 …

aei_fm_usefert Eurostat Use of inorganic fertilizers, N

fertiliser (t N)

statistical NUTS 0, 2 2000 …

aei_ps_inp Eurostat, FADN Farm input consumption areas, 3

classes (ha)

statistical NUTS 0 1995 … 2007

aei_fm_ms Eurostat Manure storage facilities statistical NUTS 0,1,2,3 2000,

2003,2010

agr_r_landuse Eurostat Land use area statistical NUTS 0, 1, 2 1974 …

agr_r_crops Eurostat Crop area, production, yield statistical NUTS 0, 1, 2 1975 …

agr_r_animal Eurostat Livestock number (1000 head) statistical NUTS 0, 1, 2 1977 …

apro_cpp_crop Eurostat Crops products - annual data, area,

production, yield


apro_cpp_luse Eurostat Land use - annual data (1000 ha) statistical NUTS 0 1950 …

apro_mt_lscatl Eurostat Cattle population - annual data

(1000 head)


apro_mt_lsequi Eurostat Equidae - annual data (1000 head) statistical NUTS 0 1960 …

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rc103403_final.pdf

8

4. Data Items

Land Use / Cover FLU

The land use and cover data are arranged to cover 9 categories.

The categories are aligned to those defined by IPCC.

The land use categories linked to GM and CL categories are divided into sub-categories:

•Grazing Land: 3

•Cropland: 21

Land Use Category Sub-CategoryActivity

Grassland / grazing land

Long-term cultivated

Paddy rice

Cropland

Forest Land

Wetlands

Grazing Land

Perennial / tree c rops

Set aside (< 20 yrs)

Native Ecosystems

Wetlands

Artific ial

Other areas

Pe rm a ne nt Pa stu re

Pe rm a ne nt M e a d o w

Ro u g h G ra zin g

Fo re st

O the r Na tive

Artificial

Common Wheat

Durum Wheat

Rye

Barley

Oats

Grain Maize

Other Cereals

Pulses

Potatoes

Sugarbeet

Other roots

Rape and Turnip

Sunflower

Soya

Cotton

Tobac co

Green Maize

Fodder Legumes

Temp. Grass & Graze

Energy Crops

Other Arable

9

4. Data Items

Management FMG

Input FI

Grassland: 4status

Cultivated: 3tillage

Grassland:4improved

Cultivated:3material

Land Use Category ManagementActivity



Paddy rice

Cropland

Grazing Land



No m in a l

Se ve re ly De g ra d e d

M o d e ra te ly De g ra d e d

Im proved

Conventional Tillage

Reduced Tillage

Zero Tillage


Land Use Category Management InputActivity



Paddy rice

Cropland

Grazing Land



No m ina l

Se ve re ly De g ra d e d

M o d e ra te ly De g ra d e d

Im proved

Low

Medium

High, without org. Amdmts.

High, with org. Am dmts.

Medium

High


Zero Tillage

Reduced Tillage

Conventional Tillage

5. Processing Statistical Data

Processing Structure

The Eurostat NUTS data has 3 basic dimensions:

•NUTS Level: 3 layers (0, 1, 2)

•NUTS ID: 312 Level 2 IDs

•Time: 46 years

1970 – 2015

Data are downloaded from the sources and imported into tables of a relational database. Tables are generated for each item and NUTS Level.

The db tables are transferred to files in a raster GIS format for processing.

Stack of Raster Data:one triple for each data item

ID: 26.1.1

ID: 26.1.7ID: 26.2.1ID: 26.2.3ID: 26.3.1

ID: 26.3.6ID: 26.4.1ID: 26.4.4

ID: 26.1ID: 26.2

ID: 26.3ID: 26.4

1990 2015

NUTS ID

Year

ID: 26

ID: 27

ID: 25

Year

11

Processing:

1.Import data to GIS

2.Fuse sources

3.Check Structure

• remove outliers

• consistent coding

• missing data

4.Time Series

• distance-weighted average

• linear regression

5.Annual Change


Data fusion, validation and estimation

NU

TS ID

NU

TS ID

Time Time Time

Missing data

a) Fill in missing data

b) Adjust data to higher NUTS Level

Source

Source

Output

Output

12

Data Structure

NUTS L0 AGR_R EF_LU EF_LUFAOSTAT Processed

NUTS Level 0

NU

TS L

eve

l 0 U

nits

NU

TS Le

vel 2

Units

AGR_R

NUTS Level 2

FAOSTAT Processed

19701970 1970

19951995 1995

No

FA

OST

AT

da

ta.

SE

SISKTR

UK

ITLILTLULVMTNLNO

PT

PL

RO

AT

BE

BGCH

CZCY

DE

DKEEEL

ES

FI

FR

HRHUIEISITSE

No data

Arable Land

The basic file structure consists of a fixed grid with:

•X-dim: years•Y-dim: NUTS ID

NUTS Levels are stored in separate files.

The NUTS Level structure is given by the position of the NUTS IDs in the raster file.


13


NUTS Level 0

NU

TS L

eve

l 0 U

nits

NU

TS Le

vel 2

Units

AGR_R

NUTS Level 2

FAOSTAT Processed

19701970 1970

19951995 1995

No

FA

OST

AT

da

ta.

SE

SISKTR

UK

ITLILTLULVMTNLNO

PT

PL

RO

AT

BE

BGCH

CZCY

DE

DKEEEL

ES

FI

FR

HRHUIEISITSE

No data

Arable Land

Item: •Arable Land Area

Data sources:•Eurostat agr_r•Eurostat EF_LU•FAOSTAT

The imported data from the various sources are merged into a single layer, but separately for each item and NUTS Level.

Multi-source data merge


14


NUTS Level 0

NU

TS L

eve

l 0 U

nits

NU

TS Le

vel 2

Units

AGR_R

NUTS Level 2

FAOSTAT Processed

19701970 1970

19951995 1995

No

FA

OST

AT

da

ta.

SE

SISKTR

UK

ITLILTLULVMTNLNO

PT

PL

RO

AT

BE

BGCH

CZCY

DE

DKEEEL

ES

FI

FR

HRHUIEISITSE

No data

Arable Land

The merged data is processed for consistency of data between NUTS Levels and over time within a Level.

Outliers and missing data are identified. Any missing data are estimated from the time-series and from data available for other Levels.

NU

TS L

evel 1 n

ot

show

n.

Time-Series for all NUTS Levels


15

6. Data Output

Complete Time-series for NUTS Levels

Output categories:

•Land use

•Crops

•Grazing

•Irrigation

•Fertiliser

•Livestock

•N-Rate

•Manure

•Soil conservation

•Tillage

View of data in a spreadsheet

16

6. Data Output

Land Use Crop1 Tillage Soil Conserv.

Livestock Grazing N Fertiliser

N Rate Manure Mngmt.

Grassland Cereals Other Roots

Con-ventional

Bare Soil Dairy Cows Total Fodder

Manure N Rice Other Roots

Pasture Range

Cropland Common wheat

Rape & Turnip

Con-servation

Burnt Area Growing Cattle

Grazing Months

Min. N Consumpt.

Common wheat

Rape & Turnip

Daily Spread

Rice Durum wheat

Sunflower Zero Cover Crop Buffaloes Permanent Meadow

Org. N Consumpt.

Durum Wheat

Sunflower Solid Storage

Permanent Crop

Rye Soya Normal Crop Non Dairy Cows

Permanent Pasture

Other N Input

Rye Soya Dry Lot

Set-aside Barley Cotton Residues Growing Pigs

Rough Grazing

Barley Cotton Liquid Slurry

Native Oats Tobacco Breeding Pigs

Oats Tobacco Anaerob. Lagoon

Wetlands Grain Maize

Green Maize

Equidae Grain Maize Green Maize

Pit Below

Artificial Other Cereals

Fodder Legumes

Goats Other Cereals

Fodder Legumes

Deep Bedding

Other Pulses Temp. Grass

Sheep Pulses Temp. Grass

Potatoes Energy Crops

Poultry Potatoes Energy Crops

Sugar beet

Mushrooms Sugar beet

Complete Time-Series for NUTS Level 2

1 Area, Production, Yield and irrigated area

17

7. Subsequent Processing of Statistical Data

Input to Spatial processing for CO2 emission/removal

Spatial Allocationof Management

Models

1990 2010 2015 202020001970 2050

Run-up period Base period

Tier 1IPCC

Tier 3ROTH-C

ProcessingStatistical Data

CO removals/emissions

from CM and GM2

Territorial Reference Scenario 2017

2020 - 2050*

Changes in SOC Stocks0-30cm [ ]t C ha year

-1 -1

BaselineBaseline

1970 - 2015 1970 - 2015

* Land use change from Territorial Reference Scenario 2017

1970 - 2010 - ...2010

ProjectionActual

Pro

cessin

gPeriod

18

8. Summary

Statistical Data

• The basic data source is Eurostat.• Data from other sources are used in addition and for items for

which Eurostat data are not available.

Data Processing• Data are pre-processed in a relational database.• The data tables from the db are transferred to a GIS raster

format for processing.• Processing covers merging data, check for outliers, consistency

between NUTS Levels and estimating any missing data.

Output• The data covers all NUTS Levels 0, 1 and 2.• The temporal sequence covers 1970 to 2015.

19

Documentation

Data and Processing Steps

Report:Processing a Soil Organic Carbon C-Stock Baseline under Cropland and Grazing Land Management

URL:http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC103403/jrc103403_final.pdf

area estimates of land cover and land management...

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