architecture of workplaces 1. lecture 7 characteristic ... · characteristic architectural...

Dobai János DLA associate professor Bartók István DLA associate professor

Architecture of Workplaces 1. Lecture 7

Characteristic architectural requirements of different branches of industry, technologies

Social facilities

Knorr Bremse plant, Budapest, Töreky Balázs 2009

Are there special different architectural characters of the branches of industry? Possible divisions: Heavy industry - light industry Manpower demanding activity - capital demanding activity Due to products: wood-, dairy-, car industry, entertaining etc. Heavy industry: (also big) raw material production Capital-intensive Less manpower Slow returns Intensive environmental impact (load) Often without buildings: outdoor establishments eg.: mining, metallurgy, petrolchemistry, energy-, wood-paper industry Light industry: (can be more articulated) processing industry Less capital More manpower Customer-, business-oriented Smaller environmental impact Can be situated near to residential areas Buildings without special character eg.: dressmaker’s shop, bakery, printing plant, service

Primary: production of raw material: mining, agriculture, fishing Secondary: commodity production: steel-, chemical-, energy-, textile- etc. ind. Tertiary: service: commerce, health service, travel, management, finance Quaternary: information sector: production, sharing, education, research Quinary: nonprofit sector

Economy’s division in sectors Colin Clark: (1905-1989) Division of GDP (brutto national product = consumption+project+export-import) In a year of one particular country - trends!

Not only the economy sectors, but their situation is also changing!

Source: Origo 19. 03. 2013.

In 2050 Brazil, India and China will produce 40% of the World’s GDP

forecast

Copper mine, Utah, USA, 1995

Lignite mine and power station, Yallourn, Victoria, Australia, 1948

Zollverein, Ruhr region, Fritz Schupp+Martin Kremmer 1927-1932

Ore preparatory works, Gyöngyösoroszi, Hungary, János Scultéty 1950

Great foundry, IJmuiden, Netherlands, 2008

Steel factory, IJmuiden, Netherlands, 2008

Oil destillery, Százhalombatta, Hungary

Polipropilen plant

Hydroelectric power station Hoover Damm, California, USA, 1938

Hydroelectric power station, turbine hall, Manapouri, New Zealand

Nuclear power station, Three Mile Island, Ohio, USA

Nuclear power station, reactor hall, Paks, Hungary

12 MW capacity solar power station, Arnstein, Germany

Paper factory

Paper factory, Dunaújváros, Hungary, Rácz György IPARTERV 1964

Requirements of „heavy industry” can be described with technological requirements: If the technology is not special (underground, outdoor- linear), the tipical requirement is the single-story hall with crane. „Light industry” is more difficult to define, the architectural appearance is also more flexible, unique. A row of premises, rooms able to accomodate many workers, working hands is tipical, even in multi-storey arrangement.

Textile mill, spinning mill

Weaving mill

Textile mill, dressmaker’s shop

Tipical view of a textile mill of the past: Multi-bay, rooms with frequent stand of columns, in multi-storey arrangement

Dressmaker’s shop in China

Modern dressmaker’s shop

Canning factory

F. Schöningh Printing plant, Paderborn, Germany, Seidlein, Fischer, 1974

Printing plant humidity – laminated timber structure, low heat conductivity for limiting condensation

Cartier Watch Factory, Villeret, Switzerland, Jean Nouvel, 1992

Watch manufacture completely dust-free environment, even day-light conditions - air-ventilation, filter system, raised floors for technical equipment, antistatic floors, glazed panes with solar protection

GAEC les Aurelles Winery, Nizas, France Gilles Perraudin, 2001

constant humidity and temperature solid construction of natural stone 65cm!, few openings

GAEC Les Aurelles Winery, Nizas, France Gilles Perraudin, 2001

constant humidity and temperature external walls of gabions with basalt stones to store the heat and protect from cold

Dominus Winery, Napa Valley, California Herzog & de Meuron, 1997

The architecture of the tertiary sector (service) is the most variable Part of this the architecture of transport: Passanger transport: city and long-distance public transport Means: free and bound-track vehicles The service, storage, maintenance of vehicles Organization, service of passanger transport Exact technology is important (motion of passangers, means of transport) intensive use „Sign-like” establishments Railway stations, traffic junctions, interchange stations, airports

George Washington Bridge Bus Stations, New York, USA, Pierre Luigi Nervi, 1963

Bus station, Strasbourg Hoenheim, France, Zaha Hadid, 1990

Railway station, Lisboa, Portugal, S. Calatrava, 1998

Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Germany, Gerkan, Marg & Partners, 1996-2006

Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Germany, Gerkan, Marg & Partners, 2006

Kansai Airport, Osaka, Japan, Renzo Piano, 1994

Ferry Terminal, Yokohama, Japan, Foreign Office Architects, 2002

Staff’s social facilities: Changing rooms Canteens, kitchens Medical consulting rooms Resting rooms

Changing rooms: Changing clothes, care of street clothes and overalls, washing Place: In a separate building: cold plant, outdoor workplaces In a joint building, part of building: warm plant Types: due to Construction Public-health Technological prescriptions A- especially clean plant food industry, medicine-, bakery B- clean plant fine mechanics, dressmaker, optical works C- medium soiled plant machine-, wood-, shoe-, textile industry, metal proceeding, maintenance, repairing workshops, brick factory D- strong soiled plant heavy industry, glass, steel, cement production, chemical industry E- dangerous plant chemical industry producing toxic materials, protein proceeding, galvanizing, hospital’s department of infective diseases Max. 300 people in one block Should be articulated for ~50-100 people

visual lock

changing room

Main rooms of changing rooms

Visual lock: to prevent sight place demand: 2 doors and to pass eventually 1 toilet (with washbasin) may be connected Changing room:place of changing place demand: lockers for safe care of street clothes and/or overalls, big or small lockers changing bench place demand: to use and to pass Washbasins: place of washing (steam catch in front of the showers) place demand: washbasins, to use and to pass Showers: place of taking a shower place demand: shower, to dry and to pass 3, or more showers > artificial ventilation > 1 wet toilet (only 1!) possibly not behind outer wall! Other rooms: cleaning tools, clean and dirty clothes store, ventilation room

washbasin

showers 1 wet toilet

Visual lock

Black changing room with big lockers

washbasin

showers

washbasin White changing room with big lockers

Visual lock

1 wet toilet

„A” type changing room (especially clean plant): forced washing

plant

entrance, corridor

Visual lock

washbasin

showers 1 wet toilet plant

entrance, corridor

„B, C” type changing room (clean, or soiled plant) : general type, difference only in the number of saniters

Changing room with big lockers

3, or more showers > 1 wet toilet

Visual lock

Changing room with big lockers for street clothes

washbasin showers

Black changing room with small lockers

Visual lock

1 wet toilet

„D” type changing room (strong solied plant): forced changing

plant

entrance, corridor

Visual lock

washbasin

showers

washbasin Visual lock

1 wet toilet

„E” type changing room (dangerous plant): forced washing

plant

entrance, corridor

Changing room with big lockers for street clothes

Black changing room with small lockers

Changing rooms: dimensions

dimensioning: min. 6m2, or 0,5m2/locker clearance: artifical ventilation – min. 2,50m, natural – min. 3,00m locker: usually 3/ 1m + bench ventilation: natural or artificial lighting: natural or artificial Dimensioning of lockers for the number of all workers of all shifts! Visual lock – optional with washbasin, or connected toilet with washbasin

Changing rooms: washbasin dimensions

dimensioning: due to number of equipment clearance: artifical ventilation – min 2,50m, natural – min. 3,00m washbasin height 76-85 cm, disabled 70cm ventilation: natural or artificial lighting: natural or artificial Dimensioning for the number of workers of the greatest shift! Separate room connected with the changing room 3 washbasins/ 1 toilet

Changing rooms: shower dimensions

dimensioning: due to number of equipment clearance: artifical ventilation – min 2,50m, natural – min. 3,00m shower 90/90cm, height 180 cm – built or product ventilation: 3, or more showers > artificial lighting: natural or artificial Dimensioning for the number of workers of the greatest shift! Separate room connected with the changing room via washbasins 3 showers/ 1 wet toilet!

Changing rooms: toilet dimensions

dimensioning: due to number of equipment, 90/120cm min. clearance: artifical ventilation – min 2,50m, natural – min. 3,00m ventilation: both foreroom and toilet artificial lighting: natural or artificial Dimensioning for the number of workers of the greatest shift! washbasins in the foreroom 1-10 people: 1 common toilet 11-200 people: 40 men – 1 toilet + 1 pissoir, or 2 toilets 15 women – 1 toilet 201-1000 people: 80 men – 1 toilet + 1 pissoir, or 2 toilets 30 women – 1 toilet

Changing room with big lockers Locker: 25/33 cm wide, 50 cm deep, 1,80 m heigh

Space sparing lockers with „Z” shape doors

Canteens: Different orders 1 shift, 1 meal Portion number of the kitchen / capacity of the canteen = 2-5x Max 500 people may eat at once Kitchens: Cooking kitchen: 20-3000 portions Finishing kitchen Warming kitchen: needs a base kitchen Grill kitchen, buffet Basis of design: number of portions selection (menu, á la carte, but: hotel *****, etc.) number of shifts (breakfast, only dinner, all day long) service (self service, waiter) amounts base (raw, semi-finished, packed, ready-to-cook) equipments (kitchen machines, furniture, tools) number of staff space demads, functional connections

Detail of a cooking kitchen

Grill kitchen, buffet with 150 portions 1. receiving goods – corridor – social facilities for 5 people 2. waste storage 3. storages 4. preparatory-kitchen 5. serving 6. washing up (black+white) 7. buffet

1. 2. 3.

4. 3.

5. 6. 7.

Cooking kitchen, buffet with 500 portions 1. receiving goods – corridor – storages – social facilities – kitchenette for 12 people 2. refridgerators 3. meat and vegetables preparatory – warm kitchen – cold kitchen – cake kitchen –

washing up black 4. serving 5. waste storage – washing up white

1.

1.

2. 3.

3.

1.

4.

5.

1.

1.

2. 3.

3.

1.

4.

5.

Cooking kitchen, buffet with 500 portions 1. receiving goods – corridor – storages – social facilities – kitchenette for 12 people 2. refridgerators 3. meat and vegetables preparatory – warm kitchen – cold kitchen – cake kitchen –

washing up black 4. serving 5. waste storage – washing up white

Thank you for your attention.

architecture of workplaces 1. lecture 7 characteristic ... · characteristic architectural...

Documents