arch205 building construction i - … · types of scaffolding •putlog scaffolds •independent...
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ARCH205 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
SCAFFOLDING & SHORING
SCAFFOLDING
• Scaffolds ~ these are
temporary working
platforms erected around
the perimeter of a building
or structure to provide a
safe working place at a
convenient height. They
are usually required when
the working height or level
is 1,500 or more above the
ground level.
COMPONENT PARTS OF A TUBULAR SCAFFOLD
TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING
• Putlog Scaffolds
• Independent Scaffolds
• Mobile Scaffolds
• Patent Scaffolding
• Birdcage Scaffolds
• Slung Scaffolds
• Suspended Scaffolds
• Cantilever Scaffolds
• Truss-out Scaffold
PUTLOG SCAFFOLDS
• Putlog Scaffolds ~
these are scaffolds
which have an outer
row of standards joined together by
ledgers which in turn
support the
transverse putlogs
which are built into
the bed joints or
perpends as the work
proceeds, they are therefore only
suitable for new work
in bricks or blocks.
INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLDS
• Independent Scaffolds
~ these are scaffolds
which have two rows of
standards each row joined together with
ledgers which in turn
support the transverse
transoms. The scaffold is
erected clear of the
existing or proposed
building but is tied to
the building or structure at suitable intervals.
WORKING PLATFORMS
• Working Platforms ~ these
are close boarded or plated
level surfaces at a height at
which work is being carried out and they must provide a
safe working place of
sufficient strength to support
the imposed loads of
operatives and/or materials.
All working platforms above
the ground level must be
fitted with a toe board and a guard rail.
TYING-IN
• Tying-in ~ all putlog and
independent scaffolds should be
tied securely to the building or
structure at alternate lift heights
vertically and at not more than
6,000 centres horizontally.
Putlogs should not be classified
as ties. Suitable tying-in methods
include connecting to tubes
fitted between sides of window
openings or to internal tubes
fitted across window openings,
the former method should not
be used for more than 50% of
the total number of ties. If there
is an insufficient number of
window openings for the
required number of ties external
rakers should be used.
MOBILE SCAFFOLDS
• Mobile Scaffolds ~ otherwise known as mobile tower
scaffolds. They can be
assembled from pre-formed
framing components or
from standard scaffold tube
and fittings. Used mainly for
property maintenance.
Must not be moved whilst occupied by persons or
equipment.
EXAMPLES OF SCAFFOLDING
EXAMPLES OF SCAFFOLDING
SHORING
• Shoring ~ this is a form of
temporary support
which can be given to
existing buildings with
the primary function of
providing the necessary
precautions to avoid
damage to any person
from collapse of
structure.
SHORING
• Shoring Systems ~ there are three basic systems of
shoring which can be used separately or in
combination with one another to provide the
support(s) and these are namely:-
1.Dead Shoring - used primarily to carry vertical
loadings.
2.Raking Shoring - used to support a
combination of vertical and horizontal
loadings.
3.Flying Shoring - an alternative to raking shoring
to give a clear working space at ground level.
DEAD SHORING
• Dead Shoring - used
primarily to carry
vertical loadings.
• these shores should be placed at
approximately 2,000
c/c and positioned
under the piers
between the
windows.
RAKING SHORING
• Raking Shoring - used
to support a
combination of
vertical and
horizontal loadings.
• these are placed at
3,000 to 4,500 c/c
and can be of
single, double, triple
or multiple raker
format.
FLYING SHORING
• Flying Shoring - an
alternative to raking
shoring to give a clear
working space at ground
level.
• These are placed at
3,000 to 4,500 c/c and
can be of a single or
double format. They are
designed, detailed and
constructed to the same
basic principles as that
shown for raking shores,