Islamic Education – Copyright 2004 – Page 1

Arabic for Quran

ق ش م

Table of Contents

Types of words - Symbols and Terms ..................................................................................................... 2

Unit 1: Particles: Parts of Speech and Harf ......................................................................................... 3

Unit 2: Nouns (Isem): Pronouns ........................................................................................................... 4

Exercise Unit 2: Practice the Attached Pronouns .................................................................. 5

Unit 3: Verbs (F’el) – Past and Present Tenses .................................................................................... 6

Exercise Unit 3: Blank Charts & practicing the correlation between pronoun and verbs ...... 7

Unit 4: Nouns: How to make Subject and Object ............................................................................... 8

Unit 5: Nouns: Isem Ishara & Quantity of Nouns .............................................................................. 9

Unit 6: Interrogative Pronouns & Confirmation ............................................................................. 10

Unit 7: Female and Previous concepts .............................................................................................. 11

Unit 8: Rules of Tanween and Importance of ال(fe raTllA) ........................................................ 12

Unit 9: Verbs – Irregular verbs (Qala & Kana) ................................................................................. 13

Unit 10: Verbs – Commanding Verbs (F’el Amr wa F’el Nahi) ....................................................... 14

Unit 11: Parts of Speech – Explained ................................................................................................... 15

Exercise Unit 11: Fill in the blanks & True/False ............................................................. 16

Unit 12: More Types of Isem (Nouns) .................................................................................................. 17

Unit 13: Explanation of ال(fe raTllA) ......................................................................... 18

Unit 14: More Nouns .............................................................................................................................. 19

This document is in progress

Latest Update: Tuesday, June 6th 2010

2

Symbols and Terms

Arabic Term Pronounced as Urdu/Persian

Term

Pronounced

as

Form & Information

(if any)

تشكيالت

Tashkeelat اعراب ‘Araab

فتحهFathah زبر Zabar

كسرهKasrah زير Zer

ضمهDammah بيش Pesh

شدهShaddah تشديد Tashdeed

3

Parts of Speech/Sentence and its three types in Arabic

الفاظكىتينقسمين,عربىقواعداورجمله

Isem (Noun) - Plural (Asmaa)

F’el (Verb) - Plural (Af’aal)

Harf (Particle) - Plural (Huroof)

We will learn about the one kind Harf first.

These are called Haroof Jar ( حروفجر ). They are a combination of Prepositions +

Conjuctions + Articles. There are many of them. They can be learned by dividing as following.

There are single lettered Prepositions, which

always join with a word in the beginning.

Examples…

There are multiple lettered Prepositions which

do not join and can come anywhere in the

sentence. Examples….

With ب

(From ) من

For ل or ل

(Upon) على

So ف

(In ) في

Like ك

(When) اذ ، اذا

Very Soon س

(Beware) اال

(Verily) ان

(If ) ،لو ان

(That, What, No ) ما

(No) ال، لم

(Never) لن

(Or ) او

(Towards) الى

Parts of Speech

Kalima ( كلمة )

Isem (Noun)

F’el (Verb)

Harf (Particle)

Unit 1

اسم

فعل

ح رف

4

Isem Dhameer (Pronouns) We will only learn about one kind of Isem called Isem Dhameer ( اسمضمير ).

These are known as Pronouns in English and they replace a noun.

There are, further, two kinds of Dhameer.

Dhameer-e-Munfasil: Separate Pronouns ضميرمنف صل) (

They never join a word and they always come in the beginning.

The examples of these are “I”, “you” and “we”.

Dhameer-e-Muttasil: Attached Pronouns ضميرمتصل) (

They always join a word but at the end.

The examples of these are “my”, “your” and “our”.

Let us visit the Dhameer is the context of Arabic Language now.

Examples and Analysis

Dhameer Muttasil (Attached Pronouns) Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

نا

Our, Us

نا

Our, Us

ى

Me, my, mine

1st person

مت ك لم

كم

Yours (all)

كما

Yours (both)

ك

Your

2nd person

مخاطب

هم

Them, Their

هما

Them, Their (b)

ه

His, him, it

3rd person

غائب

Dhameer Munfasil (Separate Pronouns) Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

نحن

We (all)

نحن

We (both)

انا

I

1st person

مت ك لم

انتم

You (all)

انتما

You (both)

انت

you

2nd person

مخاطب

هم

They (all)

هما

They (both)

هو

He, It

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد رب

ربنا

Our (All) Rab

ربنا

Our (b) Rab

ربي My Rab

1st person

مت ك لم

ربكم

Your (all) Rab

ربكما

Your (b) Rab

ربك Your Rab

2nd person

مخاطب

ربهم

Their (all) Rab

ربهما

Their (b) Rab

ربه، ربه His Rab

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد من

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Types of Isem

Pronouns

ضميرمنف صل ضميرمتصل

Unit 2

5

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Exercise – Please complete the pronoun forms for this sentense

Allah is Rab, Quran is book, Muhammad (pbuh) is nabi, Islam is Deen and Ka’bah is Kiblah

د ، ك تابى قرآن ، رب ى للا م ق بل تى كعبة ، دينى ا سالم ، نبي ي مح

د نبيي ، اسالم دينى ، كعبة قبلتى الله ربى ، قرآن كتابى ، محم

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Pronouns

Ex – Unit 2

6

F’el (Verb - فعل ) We will learn about two tenses in Arabic. Past Tense is called “F’el Madhi” ( ماضى فعل )

Present and Future Tense use the same words and it is called “F’el Mudare’”

( مضارع فعل ) . Once we know the 3, 4 or 5 lettered root ( مصدر ) of a verb, it is

easy to produce rest of the verbs.

In the charts below, three blank spaces are for 3 –lettered root.

Example and Analysis

Past Tense ( ماضى فعل )

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

واحد or مفرد

Example

فعل

نا_ __ __ _

فعل نا

نا_ __ __ _

فعل نا

ت_ __ __ _

فعل ت

1st person

مت ك لم

تم_ __ __ _

فعل تم

تما_ __ __ _

فعل تما

ت _ __ __ _

فعل ت

2nd person

مخاطب

وا_ __ ___

فعلوا

ا_ __ __ _

فعال

_ __ __ _

فعل

3rd person

غائب

Present/Future Tense ( ( مضارع فعل

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

واحد or مفرد

Example

فعل

_ __ ___ن

عل نف

_ __ ___ن

عل نف

_ __ ___ا

عل اف

1st person

مت ك لم

ون _ __ ___ت

علون تف

ان_ __ __ _ت

عالن تف

_ __ ___ت

عل تف

2nd person

مخاطب

ون _ __ ___ي

علون يف

ان_ __ __ _ي

عالن يف

_ __ ___ي

عل يف

3rd person

غائب

F’el Past Tense

ماضى فعل

Present Tense

Future Tense

مضارع فعل

Unit 3

I did

You did

He did

We (both) did

You (both) did

They (both) did They (all) did

You (all) did

We (all) did

I do or will do

You do

He does

We (both) do

You (both) do

They (both) do They (all) do

You (all) do

We (all) do

7

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

The pronouns and verbs correlation with each other. So For example, “I eat” in

Arabic will always use the first person single (1s) forms of the pronoun and

present tense verb chart. They can never be mixed. Let us practice this below:

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

افعل I do (whatever action)

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Verbs and Pronouns

correlation

Ex – Unit 3

8

Nouns – Making Subject & Object out of them

Once we know the root of a verb, we can easily follow the pattern listed

Below and generate the Subject (فاعل ) and object (م فعول ) .

Both of these are nouns and they are very simple to generate. As learnt

before, patterns used the 3-lettered root ( مصدر ) of the verb.

Subject = Third letter + Second Letter + ا + First Letter

Object = Third letter + و + Second Letter + First Letter + م

object (م فعول ) Subject (فاعل ) Root ( مصدر )

ساجد=د+ج+ا+س مسجود=د+و+ج +س +م د ج س

عبد عابد معبود

جعل

خلق

حمد

*****************************************************

Following concepts are covered in advanced classes

1. Division of a sentence according to its usefulness (Murakkab,

Nominal sentence vs Verbal sentence)

2. Understanding “Mubtada” & “Khabr”

3. Cases (states) of a word in arabic language

4. Further division of the nouns and their role with root system

5. Further details about the verbs and its types

Subjects / Objects

فاعل

م فعول

Unit 4

9

Isem- Ishahra: Following words are important to remember

These are used to point to living and non living things. In english, we have

words like “this”, “that”, “these”, “those” to accomplish the same.

Here are the Arabic equivalents. No rules apply to these and these should not

be subjected to the analysis of prepositions and pronouns.

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

واحد or مفرد

Example

فعل

هاؤالء

هاؤالء

هاذان

هاتان

هاذا –هذا

هذه

ك اوالء

ك اوالء

تانك

ذالك

ل ك ت

ال ذين

تىال ا

ال ذى

تىل ا

*************************************************************

Quantity of a Noun - In english, quantity has two categories - singulars and plurals. In arabic, we have 3 categories.

Singular, Dual and Plural. Since words are

The simple rules are 1. Add “alif and noon” to make a dual (gender of the word doesn’t matter)

2. Sound Masculine Plural (SMP): Add “wow and noon” to make a Plural (for male words)

3. Sound Feminine Plural (SFP):

Remove ة (if present) and add “alif and Ta” to make a Plural (for female words)

Finally we will have to learn at least 13 patterns of making the plurals in arabic. This is one of

the hardest areas of arabic grammar. We rever to them as “Broken Plurals”

Example: Two Books (Book is a male word in arabic language) كتابان =ان + كتاب

Many teachers (male) ونسر مد = ون + سر مد

Many teachers (female) تاسر مد = ت ا+ ةسر مد

Isem-Ishara

Quantity

Dual & Plurals

اشارهاسم

تثنيه

جمع

Unit 5

This

This Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

These

These

That (by reference)

Those

That Those

10

Interrogative Pronouns:

Following words are used for asking questions (interrogation)!

Interrogative pronouns are nouns used to ask questions such as

Why لماذا Who من What ما How كي ف Where اي ن

They always starts the sentences, just like in english!

Pointing to a living object using Interrogative Pronouns We use the appropriate gender such as in english, we say

Who is he? هو؟ من Who is she? هي؟ من

Pointing to a non-living object using Interrogative Pronouns We use the appropriate gender such unlike english, we say

What is this? (for something male) هاذا؟ ما

Some composite sentences How are you? (female) ان ت؟ ف كي Where am I? اي ن انا؟

__________________________________________

This word is used for interrogation and confirmation!! ل ه

It always starts the sentencem, just like in english!

Is this my book? هاذا كتابي؟ هل Are you in my house? ؟ان ت في بي تي هل

Are these (male) teachers? ؟ونمدرس هاؤالء هل

Interrogative

Pointing

Unit 6

11

Make all “Tenses” of verb for Singular subject

Command/Request (امر ) Present Tense (مضارع ) Past Tense (ماضى )

__ __ __ ا

عل اف

_ __ ___ا

عل اف

ت_ __ __ _

فعل ت

ال __ __ __ ت

عل ال تف

_ __ ___ت

عل تف

ت _ __ __ _

فعل ت , فعل ت

_ __ ___ي

عل يف

_ __ __ _

فعل

_ __ ___ت

عل تف

ت _ __ __ _

ت فعل

Verbs –

Commanding

امر فعل

نهى فعل

Unit 7

He did

I did

You did

I do

He does

You do

Do!

Please Do!

Please do!

Please don’t

do!

She did She does

12

Full Verb Chart for common practice [All Tenses]

Command/Request (امر ) Present Tense (مضارع ) Past Tense (ماضى )

__ __ __ ا

عل اف

_ __ ___ا

عل اف

ت_ __ __ _

فعل ت

ال __ __ __ ت

عل ال تف

_ __ ___ت

عل تف

ت _ __ __ _

فعل ت

_ __ ___ي

عل يف

_ __ __ _

فعل

Command/Request (امر ) Present Tense (مضارع ) Past Tense (ماضى )

ا_ __ __ا

اف عال

_ __ ___ن

عل نف

نا_ __ __ _

فعل نا

ال ا_ __ __ت

عالال تف

ان_ __ __ _ت

عالن تف

تما_ __ __ _

فعل تما

ان_ __ __ _ي

عالن يف

ا_ __ __ _

فعال

Command/Request (امر ) Present Tense (مضارع ) Past Tense (ماضى )

وا_ __ __ا

عل وااف

_ __ ___ن

عل نف

نا_ __ __ _

فعل نا

ال وا_ __ __ت

علال واتف

ون ___ __ _ت

علون تف

تم_ __ __ _

فعل تم

ون _ __ ___ي

علون يف

وا_ __ ___

فعلوا

He did

I did

You did

I do

He does

You do

Do!

Please Do!

Don’t do!

Please don’t do!

Single Male

Dual Male Do! [both of you]

Please Do! [both of you]

Don’t do! [both of you]

Please don’t do! [both of you]

We (both) did

You (both) did

They (both) did

We (both) do

You (both) do

They (both) do

Do! [all of you]

Please Do! [all of you]

Don’t do! [all of you]

Please don’t do! [all of you]

We (all) do

You (all) do

They (all) do

We (all) did

You (all) did

They (all) did

Plural Male

13

Three Patterns

Making Nouns (Subject & Object) from Verbs

Superlatives, Adjectives & Colors

List of handouts (Page 37, 40, 42, 50, 56 etc.)

Forms of Verbs [All 10 of them]

14

Female

Concept

Recognition

Pronouns

Quantity

Female

Unit 7

15

Rules of Tanween and Importance of ال(feraTllA)

1. Anytime a word starts with ال , it is a noun. This will be a proper noun.

2. Any word ending in tanween is a noun but it is a common noun.

Corollary and Analysis

Tanween and ال will never show up in one word

An adjective always have to agree with its noun.

Six Letters which do not join

Simple Rules of making dual and plurals in arabic

Rules of ال

Tanween

Unit 8

16

Irregular

verbs

قال

كان

Unit 9

17

Parts of Speech and its types

الفاظكىتينقسمين,عربىقواعداورجمله

Isem (Noun) - Plural (Asmaa)

A type of Kalima which has a meaning without the help of any other Kalima. Isem

doesn’t mention the instance of time. Isem can have a harakah (A’raab) at its last letter. An

article “al” can be attached before Isem sometimes. Isem has many kinds depending on context.

F’el (Verb) - Plural (Af’aal)

A type of Kalima, which has a meaning without the need of any other kalima. F’el is

usually an action and it mentions the instance of time when action took place such as:

Qatala He killed

Yaqtulu He kills or he will kill

Harf (Particle) - Plural (Huroof)

A type of Kalima, which has no/partial meaning unless other kalmias are joined with it.

For example Min (from), elaa (towards), fee (in).

Min From

elaa Towards

Harf is used to relate Isem and F’el in order to form Composites ( )for example

Parts of Speech

Kalima ( كلمة )

Isem (Noun)

F’el (Verb)

Harf (Particle)

Unit 11

Every language is a collection of words.

Words can be meaningful or have partial/no meaning.

According to rules of Arabic

o A meaningful word is called Kalima ( كلمة )

o Plural of Kalima is Kalimat ( كلمات )

o Kalima has three kinds

Isem (Noun - اسم )

F’el (Verb - فعل )

Harf (Particle - حرف )

اسم

فعل

حرف

18

Exercise 1 – Choose the correct option

Kalima has three kinds True False

Isem is meaningless and mentions instance of time True False

F’el has a meaningful and doesn’t mention instance of time

True False

Any letter of F’el can have change in Harakah True False

Harf needs other Kalima/Kalimat to be meaningful True False

Exercise 2 – Fill in the blanks

Plural of Harf is _____________________ and Plural of Kalima is _____________________

______________ has a meaning and doesn’t need other Kalimat for its meaning. Only

_______________ harakah can be changed for this Kalima.

There are many kinds of _________________, a Kalima which has no harakah in its

letters.

A meaningful word in Arabic is called ___________________.

An article _________ can be attached to Isem.

Exercise 3 – Choose only one of the options

This kind of Kalima has a meaning of its own and no instance of time.

Isem F’el Harf

Isem can only have a change of harakah at its…

First Letter Any Letter Last Letter

Plural of Harf is… Haroof Huroof Hurafa

Instance of time is mentioned in this kind of Kalima and it is usually an action which

takes place at that instance of time. Isem F’el Harf

It has no meaning unless other kalimat are joined with it. It has a very broad meaning in Arabic

Isem F’el Harf

Parts of Speech

Kalima

Isem (Noun)

F’el (Verb)

Harf (Particle)

Ex – Unit 11

19

Types of Isem (in the context of meaning)

Isem-e-Nakrah (Indefinite Noun)

Isem-e-Nakrah is an Isem which points to any person, place or object. It is not very definite in

its meaning. For example boy, city, shoe are all Indefinite nouns. it is denoted by Tanween i.e.

two fathah, two kisrah or two dammah. Isem-e-Nakrah can never be in its pure form without

tanween.

Isem-e-M’arfah (Definite Noun)

Isem-e-M’arfah is an Isem, which points to a specific item, individual or place. Due to this

specification, this kind of Isem is definite. Isem-e-M’arfah doesn’t require any article such as

“Al” however if an Isem has “Al” attached to it in the beginning, it will be treated as Isem-e-

M’arfah such as Al-room, Al-shaam, Muhammad

Types of Isem

Sub-types

Pronouns

Derivatives

Unit 12

Isem has two major kinds in the context of meaning

o Isem-e-M’arfah (Definite Noun)

o Isem-e-Nakrah (Indefinite Noun)

Isem-e-M’arfah has further five kinds of its own

o Isem-e-‘Ilm (Proper Noun)

o Isem-e-Dhameer (Pronoun)

o Isem-e-Ishara (Demonstrative Pronoun)

o Isem-e-Istafhaam (Interrogative Pronoun)

o Isem-e-Mausool (Relative Pronoun)

Isem-e-Nakrah has further four kinds

o Isem-e-Zaat (Common Noun)

o Isem-e-Sift (Adjective)

o Isem-e-Masdar (Verb Infinitive)

o Isem-e-Mashtaq (Derivative) It has its own kinds they will be discussed later

20

Al-T’areef

Adding the article “Al” to any Isem-e-Nakrah makes it Isem-e-M’arfah. “Al” adds the

definition (hence specification) to Isem-e-Nakrah hence Isem-e-Nakrah is not indefinite

anymore. Adding “Al” means that tanween notation has to be dropped and new Isem has a

form of Isem-e-M’arfah. Tanween of Isem-e-Nakrah is changed to single fathah, kisrah or

dammah respectively. Since article “Al” restricts the definition of Isem-e-Nakrah and adds the

meaning similar to that of Isem-e-M’arfah, it is known as “Al T’areef” in Arabic grammer rules.

Isem-e-M’arfah does not need “Al” neither does it have tanween on it. However some words

are exceptional to this rule such as Ar-room( ), Ash-shaam ( ), Muhammad(

).

Examples -

Kitab-un

Kitab-an

Kitab-in

Al Kitab-u

Al Kitab-a

Al Kitab-i

Some more information about five kinds of Isem-e-M’arfah.

Isem-e-‘Ilm (Proper Noun):

The specific name of any person, place or object such as Ibrahim, Kufah.

Isem-e-Dhameer (Pronoun)

The Isem which is used in place of other Asmaa. There are two kinds of these as below.

What is the state of a word?

Marfoo’

Majroor

Majzoom

Mansoob

21

Isem-e-Ishara (Demonstrative Pronoun)

Isem-e-Istafhaam (Interrogative Pronoun)

Isem-e-Mausool (Relative Pronoun)

Isem-e-Nakrah has further four kinds

o Isem-e-Zaat (Common Noun)

o Isem-e-Sift (Adjective)

o Isem-e-Masdar (Verb Infinitive)

Isem-e-Mashtaq (Derivative)

22

Isem Dhameer (Pronouns) We will only learn about one kind of Isem.

It is most important kind of Isem called Isem Dhameer ( اسمضمير ).

These are known as Pronouns in English and they have the same

functions as any other language. They replace a noun.

There are two kinds of Dhameer.

Dhameer-e-Munfasil: Separate Pronouns

They never join a word. The example of these are “I”, “you” and “we”.

Dhameer-e-Muttasil: Attached Pronouns

They always join a word at the end. The examples of these are “my”, “your” and “our”

or “us”

Let us visit the Dhameer is the context of Arabic Language now.

Example

Muhammad is six years old. He was born in Makkah.

My name is Ayesha. I am in second grade.

We are Hafidh and Magdi. Our parents are from Mauritania

Analysis

In first sentense , use of the word “He” instead of repeating Muhammad is an example of

Dhameer. Use of words “I” & “my” in second sentense and “We” & “Our” in third sentense

are examples of Dhameers.

Dhameer Muttasil (Attached Pronouns) Jam’ah (P) Tasnia (D)

Mufrid (S)

Our, Us

Our, Us

Me, my, mine

1st person

Yours (all)

Yours (both)

Your

2nd person

Them, Their

Them, Their

His, him, it

3rd person

Dhameer Munfasil (Separate Pronouns) Jam’ah (P) Tasnia (D)

Mufrid (S)

We (all)

We (both)

انا

I

1st person

You (all)

You (both)

انت

you

2nd person

They (all)

They (both)

هو

He, it

3rd person

Types of Isem

Pronouns

Unit 13

23

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

Plural

جمع

Dual

تثنيه

Singular

مفرد

1st person

مت ك لم

2nd person

مخاطب

3rd person

غائب

24

Appendix

25

Glossary

26

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