AQUASOMES: A POTENTIAL DRUG DELIVERY CARRIER

PRESENTED BY GOURAB BANDYOPADHYAY B.Pharm 4th year BENGAL SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF DR. PARAMITA DEY,Associate Prof

Three layered self assembled structures, containing the particle core composed of Nano crystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond, and is

covered by a polyhydroxyl oligomer film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed .

Aquasomes are spherical 60-300nm particles used for drug and antigen delivery.

It was first developed by NIR KOSSOVSKY.[1]

AQUASOMES

They have water like properties

Protect and preserve fragile biological molecules

This property of maintaining conformational integrity as well as high degree of surface exposure and in targeting

of bio-active molecules like peptide and protein hormones, antigens and genes to specific sites

The carbohydrate stabilize nanoparticle of ceramic are known as “Aquasomes “[1]

AQUASOMES ARE CALLED AS “ BODIES OF WATER ’’

Aquasomes water like properties provides a platform for preserving the conformational Integrity and bio chemical stability of bio-actives

Aquasomes due to their size and structure stability, avoid clearance by reticuloendothelial system or degradation by other environmental challenges

Aquasomes possess large size and active surface hence can be efficiently loaded with substantial amounts of agents through ionic, non covalent bonds, van der waals forces and entropic forces. As solid particles dispersed in aqueous environment, they exhibit physical properties of colloids [2]

PROPERTIES

By using the principle of self assembly Aquasomes can be prepared by three method.(1) Preparation of core.(2) coating of core.(3) Immobilization of drug molecule [1][3]

METHOD OF PREPARETION

This stage mainly depends on the -selection of material for core.

-its physical chemical properties This can be fabricated by the -Sonication

-Colloidal precipitation.. -Plasma condensation

For the core material material ceramic material widely used ,as they are structurally most material to be known..

As they are being crystalline their bulk properties is preserved.

Commonly used ceramic core are Diamond and calcium phosphate [2][3]

(1) PREPARATION OF CORE

Example:

synthesis of nanocrystalline tin oxide core material.• This can be

prepared by-Direct

current reactive.

• 3 inch diameter target of highly purified Tin is sputtered in

• High pressure gas mixture of argon and oxygen.

• The ultra fine particle form in gas phase are collect on copper tube and cool at 700K with liquid nitrogen [4]

•Addition of poly hydroxyl oligomer,•To a dispersion of core in ultra pure water.•Lyophilization (to promote the adsorption of carbohydrate on the surface of ceramic core)•Excess of carbohydrate is removed by stir cell ultrafilteration. [3]

Process

generally

entail

(2)COATING OF CORE

Commonly used coating material,

• - Cellobiose- Citrate- Sucrose- Pyridoxal -5- phosphate.

The surface modified nano crystalline core provide the solid phase for subsequent non denaturing self assembly for a broad range of biological active molecule.

Drug can be loaded by partial adsorption

(3) IMMOBILIZATION OF THE DRUG

•For morphological characterization and size distribution analysis, Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) Are generally used.

•Mean particle size and zeta potential of the particles can also be determined by using photo correlation spectroscopy.

Size distribution.

•FT-IR spectroscopy.�•For Crystallinity The prepared ceramic core can be analyzed for its crystalline or amorphous behavior using x-ray diffraction. [1][2][3]

Structural

analysis.

CHARACTERIZATION

Aquasomes as red blood cell substitute.- It can effectively deliver large, complexliable molecule-Hb.- Hb, can be immobilized at surface of the degradable, carbohydrate coated

diamond particles and than encapsulated in a standard mixture of phospholipid.

For viral antigen delivery or vaccine.

- for deliver of the Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) - human immune deficiency virus (HIV). Delivery of enzymes ,like DNAase

Antigen delivery.

As oxygen carrier

APPLICATION

•Na2HPO4 and CaCl2•prepare Calcium phosphate dihydrate core.•core further coated with coating material like cellobiose citrate,pyridoxal-5-phosphate, under Sonication•Drug is loaded to these coated nano particle /Aquasome

Colloidal precipitation and

Sonication of

solution

AQUASOMES FOR INSULIN DELIVERY

AQUASOMES FOR GENE THERAPY

Aquasomes represent one of the simplest yet a novel drug carrier based on the fundamental principle of self assembly. The drug candidates delivered through the Aquasomes show better biological activity even in case of conformationally sensitive ones.

In conclusion, aquasomes appear to be promising carriers for the delivery of a broad range of molecules including viral antigens, hemoglobin and insulin.

CONCLUSION

1) Jain SS, Jagtap.P. S, Panel N M, Jadhav.K.R & Kadam.V.J. Aquasomes: A novel drug carrier. J. App.Pharm. Sci. 2012; 2(1):184-192

2) Inde.v.v, et al, Areview on Aquasomes: A potential drug delivery carrier, Int. Res. J. Pharm & App. Sci, 2013; 3(2): 124-129

3) Vengala.P., Shwetha.D., Sana.A., Rekha.G. & Kumaraswamy.P., Aquasomes: A novel drug carrier system, Int. Res. J. Pharm & App. Sci, 2012; 3(4)

4) Arakawa, T., Timasheff, S. N. Stabilization of protein structure by sugars. Biochemistry, 1982; 21:6536- 6544.

5) Batz, H.G.; ringsford, H. and Ritter, H. Pharmacologically active polymers., Macromol. Chem., 1974; 175(8):2229-2239.

REFERANCES