application of photonics in next generation...

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Application of Photonics in Next Generation

Telecommunication Satellite Payloads Javad Anzalchi - Airbus Defence and Space, UK

Patricia Inigo, Bernard Roy – Airbus Defence and Space, FR

International Conference on Space Optics, ICSO 2014

7 – 10 October 2014 Tenerife, Canary Islands

Confidential

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Introduction

October 2014

International Conference on Space Optics – ICSO 2014, Tenerife, Canary Islands

2

Airbus Defence and Space provides cutting-edge customer solutions in all sectors

• Telecommunications

• Earth observation

• Space science

• Navigation

• Products

Confidential

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Sustained operator investment in HTS satellites and payloads

October 2014


3

Evolution since 2007: the supply side

Spacecraft orders related to HTS (in EDC)

KaSat

Yahsat1B Viasat-1

Echostar 17

Hylas 2

Gl Xpress

F1,2,3 Jabiru-1

NBNCo1, 2

Amazonas

4A

Viasat-2

Echostar19

GlXpress F4

SGDC

4 EPIC

IS 29e

Source: Airbus DS, March 2014

Diversity of satellite and payload configurations in answer to the demands

Source: Viasat

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ut e

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uth

ori

zatio

n is

pro

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d. O

ffe

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rs w

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lia

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ent

of da

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The Added Value of HTS: A Significant Decrase of In-orbit Cost of Capacity

October 2014


4

Source: Viasat

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The supply side: some of the key evolutions for the future

October 2014


5

Enhanced in-orbit flexibility in power, bandwidth and coverage

For best use of the total available satellite capacity

For connectivity between beams

For concentration / densification of capacity in specific hot zones

Increase of demand in the upper range for very high capacity payloads

Enabled by Electric Propulsion to keep launch mass compatible with reference launchers

requested by operators

Further optimisation of the satellite and system resources

Use of higher frequency, photonic technology and optical communication for feeder links in the

longer term

… Translating into change in satellite architectures and end-to-end performance

Uplink Flexible Coverage

Various “satellite product routes” forward in answer to the multi-

dimension evolution of the demand

Confidential

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ill b

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of da

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From market needs to enabling technologies

Fixed HTS Missions • Objective: increase total capacity with

a uniform or non-uniform beam

mapping

– Very high capacity density (e.g :

capacity/km2 > 20 to 50 * Ka-Sat)

– Lower cost per bit

– Fixed resource allocation

October 2014


6

Gateway

N°2

Network

Control Centre

Gateway

N°1

Fibre

Network

Satellite

Control Centre

Diversity

Management

trafic

V-band

Ka-band

Q-band

Multibeam user coverage

Gateway

N°2

Network

Control Centre

Gateway

N°1

Fibre

Network

Satellite

Control Centre

Diversity

Management

trafic

V-band

Ka-band

Q-band

Multibeam user coverage

OCT N°2

Network

Control Centre

OCT N°1

Fibre

Network

Satellite

Control Centre

Optical

Communication

Terminals

RF

PayloadPayload

Interface

Multibeams

Users Link

Forward and return

at Ka band

Diversity

Management

trafic

• Multi-beam antennas ,

narrower beams and

different beam sizes

• Compact input section

equipment: multipacks of

DoCons, LNAs, …photonics

• Wideband equipment (2.9

GHz), higher power MPMs

• Q/V feeder links

• Photonic Payloads

• Optical feeder links

• Evolved transmission

standards (wider carriers,

interference mitigation

techniques)

• Smaller and more

performing user terminals

6

Confidential

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Aiming at the provision of High Throughput internet connectivity over a large

continental area

On-board gateway diversity switching

Fixed HTS – Increase capacity on pancontinental Smaller beams &

Q/V and optical links

Terabit mission (EU 27) system scenario:

•Frequency bands: Ka-band for users and Q/V band or

optical frequencies for feederlinks

•Beam layout & GW scheme

– User beams: 260x0.21°

– Q/V feederlink option: 33 active + 4 diversity GWs

– Optical feederlink option (CCN): 1 active + 6-8 diversity

GWs

• System capacity: 1036 Gbps

•Capacity/beam: 4 Gbps

•Capacity density: 240 kbps/km2

•Link availability > 99.7%

•25 kW platform concept with all electric propulsion

October 2014 7

Reference study:

•Approaching the Terabit/s satellite (ESA) partnering with Eutelsat

10

3

21

4 5 3

Large Terabit satellite factor of improvement wrt KaSat

Confidential

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Terabit Mission Payload Study Using Photonic Technologies

Objective:

To determine if photonic technologies result in significant

improvements (especially in mass) over the conventional payload

architecture.

Methodology:

Technology review, state of the Art

Selection of photonic technology and performance assessment

Comparison of photonic payload design vs. RF payload design

Parameters considered for comparison:

Payload mass

Power consumption

Paload performance

October 2014


8

Confidential

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Conventional Payload Top level Block Diagram

October 2014


9

Red

Red

DMPM (LC)

TWTAs 110W

37 feeds

33+4 GWs

LNA

Inp

ut n

etw

ork

Ou

tpu

t ne

two

rk

:

R

e

d

R

e

d

LO2

1:3 Divider

65 off

260 User beams

R

e

d

R

e

d

LO6

RE

TU

RN

LIN

KF

OR

WA

RD

LIN

K

V band

antenna V-band

LNAs 79:73

R

e

d

R

e

d

LO1

R

e

d

R

e

d

LO3

Medusa Tx

antenna 260 input

ports for 260

beams

Ka band

260 beam Ka

band Medusa

receive

antenna. 297

output ports -

223 User only

ports

37 User + GW

ports, 37 GW

only

R

e

d

R

e

d

LO7

Total 83:75 as

3x21:19+20:18

R

e

d

R

e

d

LO4

R

e

d

R

e

d

LO5

65

65

65

65 off – 130

beams

70:65

70:65

70:65

2 to any

of 17

switch

block

2 to any

of 16

switch

block

2 to any

of 17

switch

block

2 to any

of 16

switch

block

17 to 19

selector

switch

block

16 to 18

selector

switch

block

17 to 19

selector

switch

block

16 to 18

selector

switch

block

Red

Red

60W Q-band

TWTs

65+8 inputs to

active LNAs

65

LPF

Single EPC

Red

Red

60W Q-band

TWTs

Single EPC

Red

Red

60W Q-band

TWTs

Single EPC

Single EPC

Single EPC

Single EPC

70:65

70:65

70:65

70:65

OMT

OMT

FGU LO1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7Centralized

Frequency

Generation

Units

O

MT

O

MT

37 feeds

33+4 GWs

Q band

Tx

antenna

Combine

111 pairs of

user

channels

Input filters

x75

2 to any of

17 switch

block

2 to any of

16 switch

block

2 to any of

17 switch

block

2 to any of

16 switch

block

37 (33 live)

GW channels

only

65 Feeder

link

contributions

Half for LO4

half for lo5

A

A Since there are 223 User

only feeds then we can

pair up 222 but this

leaves one beam over

Single EPC

Single EPC

70:65

Red

RedSingle EPC

70:65

B

This section separates out

the Ka band uplink

contribution to the feeder link

and is part of the forward

repeater

B

There are 37 feeds that

always have user

return channels and

may have FL channels.

B indicate the

separation of the user

channels before the

selector switches

65 off

65 off

RTN channels from

beams with FL

channels combined

1

37

Combine the two FL

contributions from the Ka uplink

– assume power levels similar. V

band contributions 8GHz apart

so fading can be disimilar – so

assume 3 CAMPs per twt

There are 37 inputs from

GW+FL beams + 1

unpaired user only beam

DMPM (L)

TWTAs 110W

111paired

111paired

65 off

4:3

WP6100 of CCN02: Payload Equipment shown

inside the red lined boundary is intended to be

replace with their photonics counterparts.

Confidential

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re

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the

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rant

of a

pa

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utilit

y m

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l o

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October 2014


10

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utilit

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Photonic Payload Top level Block Diagram

October 2014


11

Red

Red

DMPM (LC)

TWTAs 110W

37 feeds

33+4 GWs

LNA

Inp

ut n

etw

ork

Ou

tpu

t ne

two

rk

:

260 User beams

RE

TU

RN

LIN

KF

OR

WA

RD

LIN

K

V band

antenna V-band

LNAs 88:73

Medusa Tx

antenna 260 input

ports for 260

beams

Ka band

260 beam Ka

band Medusa

receive

antenna. 297

output ports -

223 User only

ports

37 User + GW

ports, 37 GW

only

Total 200:186

65

17 to 19

selector

switch

block

16 to 18

selector

switch

block

17 to 19

selector

switch

block

16 to 18

selector

switch

block

Red

Red

60W Q-band

TWTs

65+8 inputs to

active LNAs

65

LPF

Single EPC

Red

Red

60W Q-band

TWTs

Single EPC

Red

Red

60W Q-band

TWTs

Single EPC

Single EPC

Single EPC

Single EPC

OMT

OMT

FGU: LO1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7

Centralized

Frequency

Generation

Units

O

MT

O

MT

37 feeds

33+4 GWs

Q band

Tx

antenna

Combine

111 pairs of

user

channels

Input filters

x75

2 to any of

17 switch

block

2 to any of

16 switch

block

2 to any of

17 switch

block

2 to any of

16 switch

block

37 (33 live) GW

channels only

65 Feeder

link

contributions

Half for LO4

half for lo5

A

A Since there are 223 User

only feeds then we can

pair up 222 but this

leaves one beam over

Single EPC

Single EPC

70:65

Red

RedSingle EPC

70:65

B

This section separates out

the Ka band uplink

contribution to the feeder link

and is part of the forward

repeater

B

There are 37 feeds that

always have user

return channels and

may have FL channels.

B indicate the

separation of the user

channels before the

selector switches

RTN channels from

beams with FL

channels combined

1 Single

37

Combine the two FL

contributions from the Ka uplink

– assume power levels similar. V

band contributions 8GHz apart

so fading can be disimilar – so

assume 3 CAMPs per twt

There are 37 inputs from

GW+FL beams + 1

unpaired user only beam

DMPM (L)

TWTAs 110W

111paired 111paired

65 off

4:3

26

4 x

19

5 O

ptica

l C

ross C

on

ne

ct S

witch

LO1, 2, 3

LO1, 2, 3

Photonic Down-convertor and WDD 70:65

#1

LO6

65

: 7

0 R

ed

Photonic up-convertor 70:65

14

0 x

13

0 O

ptica

l C

ross C

on

ne

ct S

witch

LO4, 5

LO4, 5

65

: 7

0 R

ed

un

da

ncy R

ing

Photonic Down-convertor and WDD 70:65

#1

#65

#1

#70

#1

#130

V-band to Ka-band Forward Link

Ka-band to Q-band Return Link

Ka-band to Ka-band Forward Link

WDM

LO1, 2, 3 LO4, 5 LO6

OE

OE

OE

OE

130

130 off

V to Ka forward (LO2)

OE

OE

65

OE

OE

65

#1

#65

#1

#65

#65



65

1 Single

LO6

70

: 6

5 R

ed

LO7

65

: 7

0 R

ed

Photonic up-convertor 70:65

LO7

70

: 6

5 R

ed

OE

OE

LO7

Confidential

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is d

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co

mm

unic

atio

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onte

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witho

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ill b

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aym

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of da

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s. A

ll ri

ghts

re

se

rve

d in

the

eve

nt o

f th

e g

rant

of a

pa

tent,

utilit

y m

ode

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Payload architecture evolutions since Ka-Sat


LNAs Frequency

Conversion

LO1, 2, 3

Opto-RF

Conversion

LNAs

LO1, 2, 3

33 Nominal

GW

4 Back Up GW

Optical

Switching

33

4 Back Up GW

33 Nominal

GW

V-BAND

Ka-

BAND

Optical LO Distribution

LO4,5

LO 4,5 LO 1, 2,3

LNAs Frequency

Conversion

LO 4,5

LNAs

LO 4,5

October 2014 12

Photonics input sections: leading to mass/footprint reduction

• Several conversions in one mixer using

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

substantial reduction of required number of

convertors

• Optical routing/switching/filtering of the DoCon

output signal

• Photo-detector to convert the signal back to RF

• LO signals distribution by optical fibre

mass reduction compared to co-axial cable

improved EMC as a by-product.

LNA output

converted to optical

in E-O converter +

optical mixer

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01

4 A

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ble

fo

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of da

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re

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the

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rant

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Summary Comparison of Conventional Vs Photonic Payload

October 2014


13

Parameter Unit Conventional

Payload

Photonic

Payload

%

Change

Photonic Payload

Comments

Mass budget Kg 2580 2054 -20.4 20.4% less mass

Power budget KW 25.1 22.9 -8.7% 8.7% less power

consumption

Thermal diss. budget KW 14.8 12.5 -15.5% Requires 15.5% less

thermal power diss

EIRP/MHz (Ka-

band 1 CAMP)

dBW 33.9 33.9 0% No noticeable change

EIRP/MHz (Ka-

band 3 CAMP)

dBW 33.9 33.9 0% No noticeable change

EIRP/MHz (Q-band) dBW 31.0 31.0 0% No noticeable change

G/T performance

(V-band FWD)

dB/K 25.3 25.3 < -0.5% No noticeable change

G/T performance

(Ka-band FWD)


G/T performance

(Ka-band RTN)


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pro

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n, dis

trib

utio

n a

nd u

tiliz

atio

n o

f th

is d

ocum

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as w

ell

as the

co

mm

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f its c

onte

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to

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ers

witho

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xpre

ss a

uth

ori

zatio

n is

pro

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ite

d. O

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nde

rs w

ill b

e h

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lia

ble

fo

r th

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aym

ent

of da

ma

ge

s. A

ll ri

ghts

re

se

rve

d in

the

eve

nt o

f th

e g

rant

of a

pa

tent,

utilit

y m

ode

l o

r de

sig

n.

Summary Comparison of Conventional Vs Photonic Payload Per

Equipment Type

October 2014


14

Equipment Type Conventional Payload Photonic Payload % Change

Filters 485 415 -14.4%

LNAs 77 79 +2.6%

MPMs 487 487 0%

Converters 147 70 -52.4%

Waveguide & Coax 611 353 -42.2%

Switches & Misc 271 149 -45.2%

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re

pro

ductio

n, dis

trib

utio

n a

nd u

tiliz

atio

n o

f th

is d

ocum

ent

as w

ell

as the

co

mm

unic

atio

n o

f its c

onte

nts

to

oth

ers

witho

ut e

xpre

ss a

uth

ori

zatio

n is

pro

hib

ite

d. O

ffe

nde

rs w

ill b

e h

eld

lia

ble

fo

r th

e p

aym

ent

of da

ma

ge

s. A

ll ri

ghts

re

se

rve

d in

the

eve

nt o

f th

e g

rant

of a

pa

tent,

utilit

y m

ode

l o

r de

sig

n.

Promising Photonic Technologies: BEACON: FROM DISCRETE COMPONENTS TO

DENSE MINIATURIZED PHOTONIC INTEGRATED (Airbus DS , Gooch & Housego)

October 2014


15

Optical amplifiers

bulkElectro-optic converters

Bulk fiber beamforming

7 channelRad-hard ultra-compact

multi-core amplifier

size

power cost

mass

Photonic beam-forming cell

1 mm x 1mm silicon nano-waveguide chip

4-channel electro-optic converter array PIC in GaAs

Confidential

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4 A

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d. T

he

re

pro

ductio

n, dis

trib

utio

n a

nd u

tiliz

atio

n o

f th

is d

ocum

ent

as w

ell

as the

co

mm

unic

atio

n o

f its c

onte

nts

to

oth

ers

witho

ut e

xpre

ss a

uth

ori

zatio

n is

pro

hib

ite

d. O

ffe

nde

rs w

ill b

e h

eld

lia

ble

fo

r th

e p

aym

ent

of da

ma

ge

s. A

ll ri

ghts

re

se

rve

d in

the

eve

nt o

f th

e g

rant

of a

pa

tent,

utilit

y m

ode

l o

r de

sig

n.

Promising Photonic Technologies – 4 channel photonic phase shifter

for RF/µW signals (by VLC-Photonics)

October 2014


16

Silicon-on- Insulator chip

Signal processing

up to 40 Ghz

Continuos relative

phase tuning per

branch (filter tap)

silicon-on-insulator chip InP chip frequency discriminator

Confidential

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ghts

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rve

d. T

he

re

pro

ductio

n, dis

trib

utio

n a

nd u

tiliz

atio

n o

f th

is d

ocum

ent

as w

ell

as the

co

mm

unic

atio

n o

f its c

onte

nts

to

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ers

witho

ut e

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ss a

uth

ori

zatio

n is

pro

hib

ite

d. O

ffe

nde

rs w

ill b

e h

eld

lia

ble

fo

r th

e p

aym

ent

of da

ma

ge

s. A

ll ri

ghts

re

se

rve

d in

the

eve

nt o

f th

e g

rant

of a

pa

tent,

utilit

y m

ode

l o

r de

sig

n.

Promising Photonic Technologies – High density photonic packaging

(by Technobis)

October 2014


17

Confidential

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ll ri

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he

re

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ductio

n, dis

trib

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n a

nd u

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atio

n o

f th

is d

ocum

ent

as w

ell

as the

co

mm

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f its c

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to

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witho

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zatio

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nde

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ill b

e h

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lia

ble

fo

r th

e p

aym

ent

of da

ma

ge

s. A

ll ri

ghts

re

se

rve

d in

the

eve

nt o

f th

e g

rant

of a

pa

tent,

utilit

y m

ode

l o

r de

sig

n.

Conclusions

Significant savings in Payload Architectures offered by use of photonic technology

Mass saving ~ 35% (excluding harness & frequency generation)

Harness mass saving ~ 25% at payload level

Lower number of units – programmatic savings

Advantages in EMI/EMC

Optical interconnections

Still at Low TRL

Industry capability at component level

Need to overcome challenges for high density packaging and integrated chip solutions

Key functions within payload

Input section between LNA & HPA

Frequency generation units

Photonic RF frequency conversion

Photonic switching and routing

October 2014


18

Confidential

© 2

01

4 A

irbus D

efe

nce

and S

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– A

ll ri

ghts

re

se

rve

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he

re

pro

ductio

n, dis

trib

utio

n a

nd u

tiliz

atio

n o

f th

is d

ocum

ent

as w

ell

as the

co

mm

unic

atio

n o

f its c

onte

nts

to

oth

ers

witho

ut e

xpre

ss a

uth

ori

zatio

n is

pro

hib

ite

d. O

ffe

nde

rs w

ill b

e h

eld

lia

ble

fo

r th

e p

aym

ent

of da

ma

ge

s. A

ll ri

ghts

re

se

rve

d in

the

eve

nt o

f th

e g

rant

of a

pa

tent,

utilit

y m

ode

l o

r de

sig

n.

The authors would like to express their gratitude to ESA and consortium

members for their continued support and expert contributions to the

Terabit satellite study

October 2014


19

Thank you for your attention

application of photonics in next generation...

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