application of light detection and ranging ... - rubber...
TRANSCRIPT
02-11-2012
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APPLICATION OF LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING (LIDAR) TECHNOLOGY
FOR FIELD MONITORING
Safiah Atan, Mohd. Shahir Shamsir, Cheong Siew Chin, Ong Chee Wei, Nor Azira Abu Bakar, Suzanna N. Azmy
International Rubber Conference, India(28.10.12)
Objectives:To compare the accuracy, efficiency and cost effectiveness of two measuring tools in collecting data of wood yield.
Introduction
Major output: Latex – natural rubberWood: discarded– firewoodRenewable commodity– furniture and wood based products
(chipboard, MDF, mouldings)2011 total export value of Hevea wood-based products: RM 7.41 billion
(1.10% of the National Exports; MRB, 2012)
Hevea mapping project– Genetic linkage and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapsLatex and wood yield – quantifiable traitsQTL requires field data: Latex – measure DRC; wood—measure DBH
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MaterialField data required for construction of QTL map PB 5/51 x IAN 873 = 83 progenies (LT clones)4 replicates, 10 plants/clone = 3,320 stands + boundary standsField 115 and 117, Pelepah, Kota Tinggi Expt Stn.10 hectare, slope <45o
Planted in December 2006Replicates 1, 2
Replicate 4Measuring of girth started in 2008, 3 staff (1 person per replicate i.e. 830 trees)
Method
Measuring tool: Digital caliper (Mitutoyo, CD-6” CSX)Range: 0-150mm2008: 3 days to complete data collection for 1 rep.2009: 1 ½ days2010: 1 dayExcel spread sheets- input manually; statistics
2011: Reached maximum limit of caliper Measuring tape? Laser Ace 1000 Range Finder?Estimated time to complete task: 3-4 days; 3 staff; 3 replicates
2012: Needed new method to measure- fast and accurate
Laser/Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technologyNarrow laser beam used to map physical features with very high resolution; 3D modelApplications: Oil & Gas, Agriculture (topographical map of fields), Forestry (canopy height, biomass measurements), etc…
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LIDARposition
Trees
1) Contour
Collaborator:Dr. Mohd. Shahir Shamsir,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Collaborator:Dr. Mohd. Shahir Shamsir,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Collaborator:Dr. Mohd. Shahir Shamsir,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
• Pilot study: Jan 2012; Replicate 2
2) Elevation
3) Identify Individual Tree
L
Individual Trees 3D ViewSoil Series of Fld 115 and 117, Pelepah
Eventually will superimpose “girth map” onto soil series/type map-to identify best soil type for best clonesRainfall map
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Results- Accuracy
Detected 15 trees- weeds were high; clear area before detectionT-test: p-value = 0.004, significant difference for both methodsDifference between 2 means = 0.04014 m
Method N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
GirthLIDAR 15 .3835 .03740 .00966
Caliper 15 .3434 .03134 .00809
t-test for Equality of Means
t dfSig.
(2-tailed)Mean
DifferenceStd. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the
DifferenceLower Upper
Girth Equal variances assumed
3.186 28 .004 .04014 .01260 .01433 .06595
Means of girth for LIDAR (0.3835 m) > mean of girth for caliper (0.3434 m),
Meter (m)
Results- Accuracy
Clone
Met
er (
m)
Meter (m)
Clone
Control
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Hevea~>3 years
Hevea~1 to 2 years
Measurements with a) Caliper
>3 years
b) LIDAR – 3D Detection
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Able to measure multiple treesall at once
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Measuring ToolNo. of
personnel
Salaried personnel
cost/man hour
Time to complete task (Man-hour)
Total cost (Personnel)
Caliper 3 (Q48, Q22, R4)
RM 46.17 16 hr RM 738.72
LIDAR 3 (Q44) RM 54.06 2 hr RM 108.12
Summary of salaried personnel cost per man hour to complete task in the field. Cost effectiveness of each tool is dependent on time and the number of
personnel needed to complete the task.
Note: Q48, Q44, Q22 and R2 are pay-grade of personnel.Cost does not include travel and milage claims.
Results- Efficiency and Cost effectiveness
Measuring ToolNo. of
personnel
Salaried personnel
cost/man hour
Time to complete task (Man-hour)
Total cost (Personnel)
Caliper1 2 (Q44, Q22) RM 28.72 16 hr RM 459.52
LIDAR2 1 (Q44) RM 18.02 2 hr RM 36.04
Summary of salaried personnel cost per man hour to analyse the data.
Note: Analyses for caliper1 consist of manual input into an excel file and converting data into DBH. Analyses for LIDAR2 consist of processing done using Kubit Point Cloud in AutoCAD
where the DBH extraction was obtained.
Results- Efficiency and Cost effectiveness
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Conclusion
Measurements of both instrument types were comparable.LIDAR was found to be more time and cost efficient compared to the digital caliper.Input and analysis from LIDAR can be done automatically using specialise softwares.
To use LIDAR system in plots/areas situated on extreme steep terrain i.e. > 45 degrees e.g. MRB’s two new experimental stations in Bukit Kuantan, Pahang and Sungai Sari, Kedah.To purchase LIDAR system and train MRB personnel in usage of the system and its softwares thus negate the need to rent the equipment and the analysis can be done in-house.To utilise LIDAR’s multiple utilities: Data from LIDAR can be superimposed to data from other field data such as latex yield, soil type and precipitation data.
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Terima kasihThank You