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CROPPING PATTERN OF COFFEE AS RUBBER INTERCROP AT FARMER LEVEL IN MUARA ENIM AND MUSI

RAWAS DISTRICTS OF SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

M.J. Rosyid and Heru SuryaningtyasSembawa Research Centre, Indonesian Rubber Research Institute

Email: irri_sbw@yahoo.comFacsimile : + 62 711 7439282

South Sumatra

Musi Rawas at low altitude

Muara Enim is a plateau, about >700 m from sea level

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INTRODUCTION

1. South Sumatra Province is one of the central areas of coffee and rubber production in Indonesia :

Coffee-producing center is Muara Enim and Musi Rawas District, the popular name are Semendo and Linggau Coffee

2. The constraint encountered in the development of the coffee in the future is the uncertainty of coffee price

During the last 10 years, it was ranging from U.S. $ 0.46 to U.S. $ 2.65 per kg. This is in contrast to the relatively stable prices of rubber which tend to continuously increase at present (U.S. $ 0.73 - U.S. $ 3.08 per kg)

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Some farmers have started converting coffee into rubber plantation

Such condition may cause the image of South Sumatra as the center of the famous coffee to disappear Some farmer to cultivate rubber with coffee planet as rubber intercropIt was rationale to implement the coffee-rubber cropping system, because coffee and rubber require the same growing conditions.

Robusta coffee requires altitude of 300-600 m above sea level for optimum growth, but it can also be planted at low altitude area. The rubber plant requires altitude of 0-600 m above sea levelThe rainfall for coffee about 1500-3000 mm / year. And for rubber of 1.500 to 2.500 mm / year evenly distributed throughout the year (Blencowe. 1989).

Under these conditions, intercropping coffee and rubber is possible

Some farmers have started converting coffee into rubber plantation

Such condition may cause the image of South Sumatra as the center of the famous coffee to disappear Some farmer to cultivate rubber with coffee planet as rubber intercrop

It was rationale to implement the coffee-rubber cropping system, because coffee and rubber require the same growing conditions.

Robusta coffee requires altitude of 300-600 m above sea level for optimum growth, but it can also be planted at low altitude area. The rubber plant requires altitude of 0-600 m above sea levelThe rainfall for coffee about 1500-3000 mm / year. And for rubber of 1.500 to 2.500 mm / year evenly distributed throughout the year (Blencowe. 1989).

Under these conditions, intercropping coffee and rubber is possible

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Traditionally practiced in Indonesia since 1900

The problems that need to be researched were as follows:

1. How the cropping pattern of coffee with rubber that has been developed by farmers in the district of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas

2. How the productivity of coffee when grown as rubber intercrop

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The research objectives were as follows:

1. To study about the coffee farm diversification patterns with rubber that has been developed by farmers in the district of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas.

2. To study the productivity of coffee with rubber diversification patterns that exist at the farm in the district of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas

RESEARCH METHODSResearch was conducted in the districts of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas, South Sumatra Province Research at Muara Enim district was done in 2010 and that in Musi Rawas was done in 2012

District/Cropping patternThe number of farmers sampled

at different ages rubberThe number of farmers

3 year 4 year 9 year 10 yearMuara Enim

Coffee as rubber intercrops

2 1 1 1 5

Coffee monoculture 1 1 1 1 4Rubber monoculture 1 1 1 1 4

Musi RawasCoffee as rubber intercrops

1 1 1 1 4

Coffee monoculture 2 2 1 1 6Rubber monoculture 2 1 1 2 6

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Cropping patternPercentage of farmers

Muara EnimDistrict

Musi RawasDistrict

Coffee as rubber intercrop

20% 25%

Coffee monoculture

60% 30%

Rubber monoculture

20% 45%

Average land ownership

0.75 – 1.25 ha 2.0 - 3.0 ha

The percentage of farmers who seek between coffee as a cash crop and average size of land ownership

Technology of coffee as rubber intercrops in the district of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas

Observation of Data Muara Enim District Musi Rawas District

Coffee spacing 3.0 m x 2.5 m, 2.5 m x 2.5 m 2.5 m x 2.0 mRubber spacing 6 m x 3 m and 5 m x 3 m 6 m x 4 m and 5 m x 3 mPlanting coffee as rubber intercropping

Rubber is grown 1 year after the coffee is grown

Rubber is grown 1 year after the coffee is grown

Varieties of coffee Robusta RobustaPlanting material of coffee Polybeg PolybegPlanting material of rubber Seedling and clone SeedlingWeeding every two to three months every four to six monthsPruning of coffee 3 years 3 yearsCoffee fertilization 200 kg Urea, 150 kg SP36 100 kg Urea, 50 kg SP36m

most farmers do not fertilizingRubber fertilization No NoAge coffee started to harvest

1,5 years 1,5years

Age rubber started to harvest

7 - 9 years 7 - 9 years

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Coffee plant populations

Cropping pattern3

years4

years9

years10

years

Coffee as rubber intercrop in Muara Enim

1150 1150 900 900

Coffee monoculture in Mura Enim

1600 1600 1200 1200

Coffee as rubber intercrop in Musi Rawas

1350 1325 1100 1000

Coffee monoculture in Musi Rawas

2000 2000 1500 1400

Rubber plant populations

Cropping pattern 3 years 4 years 9 years 10 years

Rubber intercrop with coffee in Muara Enim

500 500 430 400

Rubber monoculture in Mura Enim

675 650 600 600

Rubber intercrop with coffee in Musi Rawas

420 400 390 350

Rubber monoculture in Musi Rawas

650 600 530 530

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Stem girth of rubber grown with coffee as the rubber intercrop at different rubber ages in District of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas

Cropping pattern 3 years 4 years 9 years 10 years

Rubber intercrop with coffee in Muara Enim

30 38 56 59

Rubber monoculture in Mura Enim

26 34 63 67

Rubber intercrop with coffee in Musi Rawas

27 35 55 57

Rubber monoculture in Musi Rawas

24 30 60 64

Yield of coffee as rubber intercrops in Muara Enim and Musi RawasDistricts at different ages (kg/ha)

Cropping pattern 3 years 4 years 9 years 10 years

Coffee as rubber intercrop in Muara Enim

400 450 350 300

Coffee monoculture in Mura Enim

700 750 600 500

Coffee as rubber intercrop in Musi Rawas

550 600 400 350

Coffee monoculture in Musi Rawas 700 780 625 550

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Rubber yield under coffee-rubber intercropping system in Muara Enim and Musi Rawas districts(kg/ha)

Cropping patternRubber Production

(kg/ha/year, DRC 40%*)

9 year 10 year

Rubber intercrop with coffee in Muara Enim

700 (280) -

Rubber monoculture in Mura Enim 1100 (440) 1200 (480)

Rubber intercrop with coffee in MusiRawas

800 (320) 1000 (400)

Rubber monoculture in Musi Rawas 1200 (480) 1600 (640)

Land Equivalent Ratio (LER)

Muara Enim was 1.23

Musi Rawas was 1.35

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Muara Enim

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Musi Rawas

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Coffee grown as rubber intercrop ------> rubber plants 10 years h the yield about 300 kg /ha in Muara Enim and about 350 kg /ha in Musi Rawas

Still used traditional technologies, i.e.: local plant material, there was no optimal plant spacing, and crop maintenance was insufficient

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RECOMMENDATIONS

IRR 118

IRR 39BPM 24

Adopting recommended rubber planting materials such as BPM 24, IRR 39 and IRR 118

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BP 534

BP 936

BP 939

For coffee, such as BP 534, BP 936 and BP 939, that are shade-tolerant when grown as rubber intercrop while maintaining high yield, i.e. more than 1.500 kg/ha

The plant spacing used for rubber is double rows of (16 m + 4 m) x 2.5 m giving a population of 400 trees /ha, or (14 m + 4 m) x 2.5 m giving a plant population of 440 trees/ha), or (12 m + 4 m) x 3 m with the plant population of 416 trees/ha.

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Optimum dose of fertilizer for each crop

High Productivity LER > 1.5

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