api varese's presentation 061108

This project is funded by the European Union under the PHARE Business Support Programme and implemented by UEAPME and its partners. The content of this document does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Commission.

Energy Tool

Alberto Boraso

Association of Small and Medium Industry of Varese area

PHARE Business Support Programme of the European UnionUEAPME - SME FIT II


Introduction: global situation


Introduction: global situation

A rise in temperature will be accompanied by changes in climate

The resulting increase in global temperatures is alterating the complex web of systems that allow life on earth, such as - cloud cover, - wind patterns, - ocean currents, - ocean raise - rainfall, - season change - distribution of plant and animal species.


Introduction: United Nations Framework

United Nations Framework believes this could happen and asks for the international response to climate change

Kyoto protocol

The EU and its Member States ratified the Kyoto Protocol in late May 2002


Introduction: Europe Policy

The goal of 2020 is the first step the second will be to reduce up to 50%

compared to 1990 of 2050 global GHG emissions



If you plan for a yearPlant a seed

If you plan for a decatePlant a tree

If you plan for a centuryEducate people

(Tzu Chuang 300 B.C.)



European Council Action plan (2007 -2009) Energy policy for Europe (EPE):

- Internal Market for Gas and Electricity- Security of Supply- International Energy Policy- Energy efficiency and renewable energies- Energy Technologies


Introduction: EPE

Internal Market for Gas and Electricity :

- Effective separation of supply and production activities from network operations

- Further harmonisation of the powers and independence of national energy regulators

- Establishment of an independent mechanism for national regulators to cooperate and take decisions on important cross-border issues

- A more efficient and integrated system for cross-border electricity trade and grid operation


Introduction: EPE

Security of Supply

- Effective diversification of energy sources and transport routes

- Developing more effective crisis response mechanisms


Introduction: EPE

International Energy Policy

- The development of a common approach to external energy policy has to be speeded up


Introduction: EPE

Energy efficiency and renewable energies

- stresses the need to increase energy efficiency in the EU so as to achieve the objective of saving 20 % of the EU's energy consumption compared to projections for 2020

- a binding target of a 20 % share of renewable energies in overall EU energy consumption by 2020;

- a 10 % binding minimum target to be achieved by all Member States for the share of biofuels in overall EU transport petrol and diesel consumption by 2020


Introduction: EPE

Energy Technologies

- Recognizing the need to strengthen energy research

- Accelerate the competitiveness of sustainable energies, notably renewables, and low carbon technologies

- Development of energy efficiency technologies


Impact on Smes: Where we are?


Impact on Smes: Consequences

Companies needs to join in the European-wide effort to cut down on energy waste and contribute to generate green energy.

Several new measures are to be taken: efficiency requirements for energy-using equipment, technological upgrade of production processes, stronger action on energy use in buildings, green energy.


Impact on Smes: Why

Primary energy

Efficency of primary energy

conversion 38%

Trasmission Final Use

Trasmission lost 7%

Electric power from termoelectric plant

Save 1 kWh => Save 2,8 primary energysource ENEA


Impact on Smes: Topics

To achieve a rational use of energy the following topics and sources of consumption should be taken into account:

- Tariff - Energy balance- Lighting - Office equipment - Electric motor - Peak and power factor- Heating, Air-conditioning and Ventilation - Compressed air and distribution systems


Impact on Smes: Topics - Tariff

This is a key process to identify how energy cost savings are achieved by reducing one of two main components:

- Energy rate/ amount pay - Energy consumption


Energy Negotiation: Consumption Profile


Impact on Smes: Topics – Energy Balance

Analysis of the site’s energy use:- identifying the sources of energy, - determining the amount of energy supplied, - detailing what the energy is used for.

Could be useful in order to identify inefficiency


Impact on Smes: Topics – Lighting

Lighting is a major energy consumer in commercial buildings. it is important to be able to check the lighting system, lighting levels and the respective loads.

- Lighting savings can be achieved in two ways: by optimising power density by reducing operating hours.


Impact on Smes: Topics – Office equipment 1/2

Office equipment consists of productivity tools such as computers, photocopiers, fax machine and domestic-type equipment such as water boilers, hand dryer, and so on.

For energy save companies have to monitor both work time per day and the standby time


Impact on Smes: Topics – Office equipment 2/2

The technologies that you should have to take in account are:

workstations and monitors, personal computer, Printers, photocopiers, fax machines, uninterrupt. power source Fridges vending machines, Dishwashers, microwaves, Hand dryers, personal heaters, water boilers and coffee machines.


Impact on Smes: Topics – Electric Motor

Electric motor drive systems use up to 90% of all electricity in some large processing plants.

The motor drive system can be broken into three main parts:

- a mechanical subsystem comprising a drive train to link the motor to the driven load;

- a facility power supply system;- a motor/controller subsystem.


Impact on Smes: Topics – Compressed Air and Distribution Systems 1/2

Compressed air usually serves one of three functions: source of energy for tools and machines, powering pneumatic control equipment cleaning.

Energy waste in compressed air systems is mostly a result of poor compressor efficiency and leaks in the distribution system.


Impact on Smes: Topics – Compressed Air and Distribution Systems

Compressor Compressor


Impact on Smes: Topics – Compressed Air and Distribution Systems 2/2

There are many ways to reduce compressed air costs by making the compressed air system more energy efficient.

Common opportunities: - detect and repair leaks - minimise system pressure drop - use cooler inlet air - control of compressors - optimise system pressure to a minimum - reduce inappropriate use and keep efficiency


Impact on Smes: Topics – Peak and Power factor


Impact on Smes: Topics – Heating, Air-conditioning and Ventilation 1/2

A heating, air-conditioning and ventilation plant typically consumes more than 25% of energy used in service or commercial buildings.

The basic energy saving principles: create awareness in order to avoid oversupply only cool or warm as much as necessary cool or warm for as long a time as required


Impact on Smes: Topics – Heating, Air-conditioning and Ventilation 2/2

During the analysis of the heating or air-conditioning plant it should be taken in consideration the building envelope and in particular:

- windows: frames and type of glazing- degree of thermal capacity of external walls- roof and floor typology


Impact on Smes: Topics – CHP COGENERATION AND TRIGENERATION

Cogeneration:Cogeneration is the simultaneous production and

utilization of two energy sources electrical and thermal from the same fuel.

Trigeneration:If the need for heating is limited and there is a

significant need for cooling, then heat by a cogeneration plant is used to produce cooling, via absorption cycles.


Impact on Smes: Topics – CHPCOGENERATION AND TRIGENERATION


Possible cases for cogeneration use:

- Energy-intensive industries, including the chemical, refining, forest products, food, and pharmaceutical sectors.

- High power reliability/quality applications, such as telecommunications data centres requiring high-quality, reliable power and substantial cooling capacity.

- Institutional markets, hotels, and convention centres where large year-round demands exist for electricity, heating, and cooling.

Impact on Smes: Topics – COGENERATION AND TRIGENERATION


Energy Tool

Alberto Boraso

Association of Small and Medium Industry of Varese area



Energy E.: a multiple-choice test

Would you rather die of:

1. climate change?2. oil wars?3. nuclear holocaust?

The right answer, often left out, is:

4. none of the above

Let’s just use energy in a way that saves money, because that will solve the climate, oil, and proliferation problems

Amory B. Lovins Chairman and Chief ScientistRocky Mountain Institute

“Winning the Oil Endgame”


Energy E.: Saving energy costs less than buying it

IBM and STMicroelectronics CO2 emissions –6%/y, fast paybacks

Dow: cut E/lb 22% 1994–2005, $3.3b profitDuPont’s 2000–2010 worldwide goals

Energy use/$ –6%/y, GHG = 1990 level –65%By 2006: actually cut GHG 80% below 1990, $3b profit

BP’s 2010 CO2 goal met 8 y early, $2b profitGE pledged 2005 to boost its eff. 30% by 2012

Why we say cost for energy saving and not profit ?


2007 Vattenfall/McKinsey supply curvefor abating global greenhouse gases


Energy E.: Lighting

Same light: 1200 lumen

Incandescent light bulb

Halogen lamps

Compact fluorescent

lamp CAT. A

Average hour life 1.000 2.000 10.000

Watt 100 watt 60 watt 20 watt

Comparison

Incandescent light bulb

Compact fluorescent lamp

CAT. A

Buy € 10 X 10 BULBS € 12 / LAMPS

10.000 hours (4 hours/day for 6 years)

kwh = 0,18 Euro

Consumption € 26,28 € 5,26

6 Year Cost € 167,68 € 43,54

Saving -€ 124,00


Energy E.: Lighting

Request:

Renew lighting plant:

Answer by electrician:

Change of neon lamps


Energy E.: LightingReal operation:

• Insert of light tube

• Replace neon lamps with fluorescent lamps & electronic ballasts and more efficients diffusers

• Reduction of diffusers

• Automatic light dimmer only in particular places

• Introduction of switch-off campaign

Advantage:

• Reducing operating hours

• Right lumes in right place

Incremental cost 24.000€

Pay back 5Year


Energy policy: example

Request:

Change of windows because old

First suggest:

Replace windows with similar glasses in order to use the same metal joint


Energy policy: example

Incremental Cost:

Windows: + 54.500 €Metal joint: + 15.000 €Lighting: + 12.500 €

_______________+ 82.000 €

HVAC - 105.000 €_______________

Total - 33.000 €

Single expenditures and multiple benefits

- Capital costs- Save energy- Renew technology


Energy E.: Heat Exchanger

Request: Cleaning Heat Exchanger

It was calculeted micro depots generate by flow result in 10% lost of efficency

Solution:

Small sponge spheres insert in the plant are trail by the cooling flow avoid depots before their consolidation

Saving 475.000 $/Year & payback 8 months Source: ST Microelectronic


Energy E.: Cooling

Cooling

In temperate climate zone it is possible to use the refrigerating power of the air.

Water neccessary for controlling the plants temperature is made flow in open air before returning to refrigeratingg plants

The refrigerating plants could be switched-off till 6 months

Source: ST Microelectronic


Passive comfort in cold, cloudyclimates like Germany (Passivhaus Institut)http://www.passiv.de, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_house; Affordable Comfort

No central heating system;can add small exhaust-air heat pump or solar panel if desired, but not necessary- Zero marginal capital cost(at least at <60°N lat)

- Total primary energy use ≤120 kWh/m2-y

- ≤15 kWh/m2-y & <10 W/m2 heating energy—5–25% of U.S. allowables

- k-0.10–0.15 (k-0.066 roof in Sweden), airtight, high comfort, loses <0.5 C°/d w/ 0 el.

- >10k built in 5 EU nations; Vorarlberg (ÖS) standard


Energy E.: Pumping design mentality

Industrial pumping loop cuts power from 70.8 to 5.7 kW (–92%)

-Remake costs less and works better

- Just two changes in design conception

source RMI


Energy E.: Losses

Pimary energy

Efficency of primary energy conversion

38% Trasmission Final Use

Trasmission lost 7%

Electric power from termoelectric plant

Save 1 kWh => Save 2,8 primary energy

source ENEA

Motor 10%

Drivetrain 2%

Pump 25%

throtle 33%Pipe 20%

Energy Output 9,5 %

Losses:

source RMI


Energy E.: Pumping design conception

1. Big Pipes, Small Pumps (not the opposite)2. Lay out the pipes first, then the equipment (not the reverse)

source RMI


Energy E.: No new technologies, just two design changes

source RMI

- Fat, short, straight pipes — not thin, long, crooked pipes!- Benefits counted * 12x less pumping energy * Lower capital cost- “Bonus” benefit also captured * 70 kW lower heat loss from pipes- Additional benefits not counted * Less space, weight, and noise * Clean layout for easy maintenance access * Needs little maintenance, yet better uptime * Longer equipment life- Count these and save… >90%

Pumping is the world’s biggest use of motors,

fans (same physics); both total ~50%


The nine dots problem


Cost / Return

... advance mentality

Short mentality


Energy E.: Technologies

Development of energy efficiency technologies


Energy E.: Means

Shortly saving energy means: Open mind Technology Make calculation consider all life of equipment

(“In God I trust, Other bring data”)


Energy audit model

o The energy audit model will be an analysing model

o It is a targeted energy audit at the “widest” end of the scale.

o It covers all energy usage of the site, including mechanical and electrical systems, process supply systems, all energy using processes, etc..

TOOL: Energy Audit


The audit has to determine how:o identify energy, o efficiently energy is being used, o cost saving opportunities, o highlight potential improvements in comfort

and productivity.

TOOL: Energy Audit


Guidelines for Energy Audit:

o Define Energy manager.o Define Goal. o Data collection. o State of the art and savings opportunities

TOOL: Energy Audit Guideline



Thank you!

Energy ToolAlberto Boraso – API Varese

api varese's presentation 061108

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