api 682 presentation

American Petroleum Institute

682 Standard2nd Edition

IntroductionPumps-Shaft Sealing Systems for

Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps

EAA cust

API 2nd Edition – Description

Written by select committee of:End usersPump manufacturersSeal manufacturers

John Crane API 682 Committee MembersGordon BuckChris Fone

API 682 strives to promote:

Best practices in selection and operation of mechanical seals

Extend seal life to (3) years service minimum

Built upon growing acceptance of API 682 1st Edition

Technically equivalent to ISO Draft International Standard 21049

API 682 Publication Dates

1st Edition issued 19942nd Edition July 2002ISO 21049 target date is now late 2003

API 682 Mission Statement

“This standard is designed to default to the equipment types

most commonly supplied that have a high probability of meeting the

objective of at least three years of uninterrupted service while complying with emissions

regulations.”

..

API 682 Standard - Aims

Maximum reliability and availability of equipment

Meet emissions legislation

Lower costs - standardisation & reliability

Improved safety - tested & proven sealing systems

Consistent seal application based on accumulation of best practices

Seal interchangeability

Continued...Continued...

API 682 Summary

Only three arrangementssingledual unpressuriseddual pressurised

Testing on five fluid groups, Propane, water, caustic, cold oil, hot oil

Specifies materials of construction

Secondary containment on all single seals

Forced circulation on dual seals

Full interchangeability

..

API 682 Summary

Guidelines for seal and hardware design based upon

user experience

Tested designs

Qualification type testing

Individual component & seal integrity testing

Defined guidelines for auxiliary equipment, pipework

& instrumentation

API 682 Taskforce

1st Edition Taskforce was refineries only2nd Edition Taskforce

new chairman (Joe Thorp)3 members from 1st editionchemical plant representativesinput from PIP committeesEuropean representatives

John Crane representativesGordon BuckChris Fone (ESA)

API 676Positive Displacement

PumpsAPI 610

7th EditionPumps and Seals

API 6108th Edition

Mainly Pumps

API 6821st EditionSeals Only

Development of Seal & Pump Standards

API 6109th Edition/ISO 13709

Only Pumps

API 6822nd EditionSeals Only ISO 21049

Seals Only

Development of Seal & Pump Standards

ANSI Strategy is to drive US Standards into ISO

API 610 (7th) - issued 1989API 610 (8th) - issued 1995API 682 (1st) - issued 1994API 610 (9th) combined with ISO 13709 - DIS vote 2001-4, issued 2003-1?API 682 (2nd) positive vote Sept 2001 - issued 2002-3ISO 21049 - DIS vote 2002-2, issued 2003-3?API 682 (3rd) - issued 2003-3?

DIN24960

EN12756L1k/L1n

Seal dimensions

ISO3069Chamber dims

API 610 9thISO13709

API610 8th

API682Table 1

DIN + 5mmCartridge

API682 Cat 2/3

ISO3069H

DIN24960chambers

ISO3069 S ISO3069C

API682 Cat 1ASME B73 (Big Bore)

Replaces the long-standing mechanical seals specification found in API 610 Pump Standard Replaces and expands the scope of API 682 1st Edition:

Adds new seal typesAdds new piping plansEstablishes (3) seal categoriesAdds seals for chemical plants (ANSI & ISO chemical duty pumps)Adds qualification tests for new seal typesAdds pass/fail criteria for qualification testsTo be ISO Standard 21049

What’s New in 2nd Edition

API 2nd Edition – Description

Specification now includes:

Dry-running secondary containment seals

Non-contacting wet seals

Gas lubricated seals

New piping arrangements for secondary containment and non-contacting seals

API 2nd Edition – Benefits

Consistency of approach

Proven practices

Qualification tested

International in scope

Results

Reliability

Low leakage

Long life

Cost effective

API-682 1st Ed. Significance?

1st Edition released in 1994.

Few US customers have specified seals as pure 682 1st Ed. compliant.

API-682 1st Ed. sales growing slowly primarily through international projects.

Still generally limited understanding and use of the specification.

Market unwilling to accept cost impact associated with technical requirements of the specification.

Why Expect 2nd Ed. Significance?

2nd Ed. is broad based in scope versus 1st Ed. which was a very narrow high end specification.

As a stand alone seal standard, 682 2nd Ed. is being coordinated with the elimination of seal specification criteria within API–610.

Much less restrictive, allowing consistency with current practices and ultimately less costly arrangement alternatives.

API 682 Specification

Strongly encourage your customers to buy an official copy of thespecification or where appropriate offer a complimentary copy.

Pumps – Shaft Sealing Systems for

Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps

American Petroleum Institute

1220 L Street, NW

Washington, D.C. 20005 USA

Global Engineering Documents at (800) 854-7179

Product No. C682202

API 682Product Line

EAA int

API 682 Seal Categories

Category 1Chemical & Petrochemical Industry Pumps.

Heavy duty seals designed for ANSI and ISO enlarged bore seal chambers.

Category 2Oil & Gas Industry API Pumps.Handles services previously defined

as API-610 Applications.Same qualification tested

components as Cat. III Seals.

Category 3Oil & Gas Industry API Pumps.Premium seals meeting highest

specification of API 682.Require full qualification test

reports.

API 6822nd Edition

Standard Seal Types & ArrangementsSeal Types

Type A: Rotating pusher seal using O-rings & multiple springs.

Type B: Rotating metal bellows using O-rings.

Type C: Stationary metal bellows using flexible graphite gaskets. Only applies to Cat. II & III for high temperature service.

Seal ArrangementsArrangement 1: Single seal

Arrangement 2: Unpressurised dual seal (Tandem)

Arrangement 3: Pressurised dual (Double)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

°F

psig

Category 1, 2, & 3 Operating Ranges

Cat. 1 Seals

Cat. 2 & 3 Seals

API 682 1st edition limits

260°C 400°C

20 bar g

41 bar g

34.5 bar g

API 682 (2nd Edition)Seal Categories

FEATURE CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3

Seal chamber size ISO 3069, ASME B73.1 and ASME B73.2 ISO 13709 / API 610 ISO 13709 / API 610

Temperature range –40 °C (–40 °F) to 260 °C (500 °F)

–40 °C (–40 °F) to 400 °C (750 °F)

–40 °C (–40 °F) to 400 °C (750 °F)

Pressure range 22 bar (315 psi). 42 bar (615 psi). 42 bar (615 psi).



Face materials Premium blister resistant carbon vs. self sintered silicon

carbide

Premium blister resistant carbon vs.

reaction bonded silicon carbide.

Premium blister resistant carbon vs.

reaction bonded silicon carbide.

Distributed inlet flush requirements, Arrangements 1 and

2 with rotating flexible elements

When required for vapor margin or when specified.

When required for vapor margin or when specified.

Required.

Gland plate metal to metal contact requirement

RequiredRequired inside and outside of the bolt circle diameter.

Required inside and outside of the bolt circle diameter.



Cartridge seal sleeve size

increments required.None 10 mm increments 10 mm increments

Throttle bushing design requirement for Arrangement 1

seals

Fixed carbon. Floating carbon

option.

Fixed, non-sparking metal. Floating carbon option

Floating carbon

Dual seal circulation device head flow curve provided.

Not applicable When specified Required.

Scope of vendor qualification test

Test as Category 1 unless faces

interchangeable with Category 3

Test as Category 2 unless faces

interchangeable with Category 3

Test as Category 3, entire seal assembly

as a unit

API 2nd Edition – Category 1

Description

API version of our existing 5600Adds secondary containment to the Type 5600

Product Definition

A heavy duty “ANSI” seal that fits ISO seal chambers Large bore seal chambers (ISO 3069-C, ANSI/ASME B73.1, B73.2)Temperatures from –40°F to +500°F (-40°C to 260°C)Pressures to 300 psig (20 bar g)Sizes to 4.5 (120 mm)Mean face velocities less than 25 m/s (5000 feet/min.)

API 2nd Edition – Category 1 Product Line

Arrangement 1 5610Q-1 5615Q-1 Contacting wet

Type A Description

Arrangement 2 5620P-1 5625P-1 Dual liquid buffer/barrier

Arrangement 2 5620D-1 Engineered

ECSContacting dry secondary containment

Arrangement 3 5620P-1 5625P-1 Liquid barrier fluid

face-to-back

Arrangement 3 2800 2800MB

Gas barrier(0-300 psig)

Type C

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Type B

Carbon bushings standard on single sealsStationary inner seal option available


DescriptionSame as Category III but with “softer” seal design options

Example: single-point flush with fixed bushingIncludes dry-sliding secondary containmentIncludes non-contacting sealsSlightly less expensive than Category III seals due to ‘lower’ options and less documentation

• Arrangement 1 seal design options including various flush and bushing options, though JC has preferred standards

Product DefinitionTemperatures from –40°F to +750°F (-40°C to 400°C)Pressures to 600 psig (41 bar g)Sizes 1.5” to 4.5” (30mm to 120mm)


Arrangement 1 1648-2 1670-2

Contacting wet single

RREL option

Type A Description

2648-2 2670-2 Liquid buffer

2648-2C 2670-2C Contacting dry secondary containment

3648-2 3670-2 Liquid barrier fluid

2800 2800MBGas barrier(0-300 psig)

Type C

1604-2

2609-2

2609-2C

3609-2

N/A

2648-2N 2670-2N Non-contacting secondary containment

2609-2N

2800HP N/AGas barrier(300 – 600 psig)N/A

Type B

Arrangement 2

Arrangement 2

Arrangement 2

Arrangement 3

Arrangement 3

Arrangement 3

Carbon bushing standard on single seals (JC EAA).

API 2nd Edition – Category 3Description• Same as current API 682 1st edition seals• Extensive documentation• Includes dry-sliding secondary containment• Includes non-contacting seals• Arrangement 1 design includes distributed flush with carbon floating

bushing standard• Sleeve hard coating optional, (standard on EAA designs)

Product Definition• Temperatures from –40°F to +750°F (-40°C to 400°C)• Pressures to 600 psig (41 bar g)• Sizes to 1.5” to 4.5” / 30mm to 120mm


Arrangement 1

1648-3 1670-3Contacting wet single

RREL Option

Type A Description

2648-3 2670-3 Liquid buffer

2648-3C 2670-3C Contacting dry secondary containment

3648-3 3670-3 Liquid barrier fluid

2800 2800MBGas barrier(0-300 psig)

Type C

1604-3

2609-3

2609-3C

3609-3

N/A

2648-3N 2670-3N Non-contacting secondary containment2609-3N

2800HP N/A Gas barrier(300 – 600 psig)

N/A

Type B

Arrangement 2

Arrangement 1

Arrangement 2

Arrangement 2

Arrangement 3

Arrangement 3

Arrangement 3

Cross Reference Chart

1st Edition seal type 2nd Edition seal type

1648

1648RS

2648

3648

1604

2609

3609

1670

1648-2, 1648-3

1648RS

2648-2, 2648-3

3648-2, 3648-3

1604-2, 1604-3

2609-2, 2609-3

3609-2, 3609-3

1670-2, 1670-3

1648O RREL/R

API 682 Category 1

Specific to ANSI/ASME B73.1 & B73.2 and ISO 3069 Type C

Enlarged bore chemical process pumps

Qualification tested

Based from 5600 Universal Cartridge Series

Special features include:

Cartridge design, with register fit gland

Arrangements 1,2, and 3

Type A & B designs

Common adaptive hardware between Type A & B versions

Dry secondary containment option

Available with both rotating or stationary inner seal

Category 1 Seal Types

5610Q-1

Type A

Arrangement 1

Registered fit with confined O-ring & metal-to-metal contact with pump seal chamber.

Fixed carbon bushing

Stationary inner seal option


5620P-1

Type A

Arrangement 2

Pumping ring

Reverse pressure balanced



5620D-1

Type A

Arrangement 2

Secondary containment seal


Self-sintered Silicon Carbide


5615Q-1

Type B

Arrangement 1

Alloy C-276 Sealol edge-welded metal bellows


Fixedcarbonbushing

Category 1 Seal Types5625P-1

Type B

Arrangement 2

Dual seals have radial inlet and tangential outletbuffer/barrier fluid connections

Pumpingring


Self-sintered Silicon Carbide


DescriptionSpecific to API boxesSame as Category III but with “softer” seal design options

Example: single-point flush and lower bushing requirementsIncludes dry-sliding secondary containment & non-contacting sealsIncludes seal types A, B & C, arrangements 1, 2 & 3Slightly less expensive than Category III seals due to ‘lower’ options and less documentation

• Arrangement 1 seal design options including various flush and bushing options, though JC has preferred standards


Category 2 Seal Types1648-2 Type A, Arrangement 1

Based on successful Type 48 design

Standard bushing: FixedStandard flush: Single pointOptional bushing: Segmented or floatingOptional flush: Distributed

Distributed flush Pumping ring(API Plan 23)

Floating bushing Segmentedbushing (JC option)(sleeve hard coating

optional)

316 SS Metal PartsHastelloy™ C Springs

Fluoroelastomer Secondary Seals

Primary FaceCarbon - standardTungsten Carbide - optional

Reaction- bonded Silicon CarbideHydraulically Retained Mating Ring

Category 2 Seal Types2648-2

Type A, Arrangement 2API flush plan 52Same as Cat. III

316 SSMetal Parts

Hastelloy™ C Springs

Primary FaceCarbon - standardTungsten Carbide -optional

Double-balanced to withstand pressure reversal


3648-2 Type A, Arrangement 3 API flush plan 53 or 54Same as Cat. III

Category 2 Seal Types1670-2 Type B, Arrangement 1

Pumping ring(API Plan 23)

Floating bushing Segmentedbushing (JC option)(sleeve hard coating

optional)

Distributed flush

Sealol C-276 edge-weldedmetal bellows

Standard bushing: FixedStandard flush: Single pointOptional bushing: Segmented or floatingOptional flush: Distributed

Floating Bushing Shown

Category 2 Seal Types2670-2 Type B, Arrangement 2

3670-2 Type B, Arrangement 3Axial flow (scroll) pumping ring

2670 uses API flush plan 523670 uses API flush plan 53 or 54Same as Cat. III

Category 2 Seal Types1604-2 Type C, Arrangement 1

Flexible graphite secondary seals

Steam deflector

Inconel stationary bellows

Floating bushing

Segmentedbushing

(sleeve hard coatingoptional)

Category 2 Seal Types2609-2 Type C Arrangement 2

3609-2 Type C Arrangement 3

Axial flow (scroll) pumping ring & flow guide

High temperaturerotating Inconel bellows

2609 uses API flush plan 523609 uses API flush plan 53 or 54Same as Cat. III

Category 2 & 3 SecondaryContainment Seals

2648-2C

Type A

Arrangement 2

Type 48SC

Isolation Bushing

Category 2 & 3 Secondary Containment Seals2670-2C

Type B, Arrangement 2

ECS™Low-Temperature

Isolation Bushing

Low-temperatureType 670 seal head

Category 2 & 3 Secondary Containment Seals2609-2C,

Type C, Arrangement 2

High-TemperatureECS™

Isolation Bushing

High-temperature Type 609

Category 2 & 3 Non-contactingSecondary Containment Seals2648-2N

Type A, Arrangement 2

28LD

Isolation Bushing

Type 48LP


DescriptionSpecific to API boxesSame as 1st edition but with additional seal design options

Includes dry-sliding secondary containment Includes non-contacting seals

Includes seal types A, B & C, arrangements 1, 2 & 3Uses premium design options, distributed flush, floating bushes

• Extensive documentation must be supplied


Category 3 Seal Types1648-3 Type A, Arrangement 1

Provided with appropriate documentation inaccordance with the API 682 Specification

Floatingbushing

Distributedflush

Sleeve hardcoating

(optional)

316 SSMetal parts

Hastelloy™ C Springs

Fluoroelastomer secondary seals

Reaction bonded Silicon CarbideMating Ring

Floating bushing as standard

Sleeve hard coating (optional on API 682 seals)

Bushing retained by bolted follower plate

Distributed flush

Primary Face Carbon - standardTungsten Carbide - optional

Category 3 Seal Types1648-3Type A, Arrangement 1

Category 3 Seal Types1670-3

Type B

Arrangement 1

• Provided with appropriate documentation inaccordance with the API 682 Specification

• Distributed flush standard• Segmented bushing standard• Sleeve hard coating optional

Category 1, 2, & 3 Non-contactingGas-lubricated Seals

2800 Type A, Arrangement 3

Patentedspiral grooveDual mating ring design meets

API 682 design specifications

0 to 300 psig / 21 bar g

Category 1, 2, & 3 Non-contactingGas-lubricated Seals2800HP Type A, Arrangement 3

Dual mating ring design conforms to API 682 design requirements

300 psig / 21 bar g to 600 psig / 41 bar g

Category 1, 2, & 3 Non-contactingGas-lubricated Seals

2800MB Type B, Arrangement 3

Dual mating ring design conforms to API 682 design requirements

Patentedspiral groove

Sealol edge-welded metal bellows

0 to 230 psig / 16 bar g

API 682, 2nd Edition

Design Requirements

API 682 Overview

A summary of API 682 was presented previouslyType A, B, CArrangements 1, 2, 3Categories 1, 2, 3

JC Products for API 682 were presented previouslyType 48 variationsType 670, 604, 609 variationsType 5600 variationsType 2800’s

This presentation is about design details

Design Requirementsfor

All CategoriesAll Types

All Arrangements

General and Default Requirements

Cartridge seals (6.1.1.1)Studs are the default (6.1.2.12.2)

Bolt Holes, not slots(6.1.2.8.1)

O-Rings

Rigid Setting Clips

One piece sleeve

8 Set Screws (Maximum)

Register Fit. Concentric to shaft & 0.125 mm (.005”) TIR Maximum(6.1.2.8.2)

Bushing (single seals)(floating or fixed)

General and Default Materials

Viton O-Rings 316SS Sleeve

316SS Gland Plate “Premium Grade” Carbon

Hastelloy C Springs

Silicon Carbide

Setscrews harder than shaft

Rotating / Stationary Requirements

Type A & B default to rotating seals (6.1.1.2)

Type C defaults to stationary seal (6.1.1.3)

All stationary if speed >23 m/s (4,500 ft/min) (6.1.1.5)

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP)

Applies to “pressure casing” (6.1.1.6)Pressure casing includes

GlandPipingReservoirsHeat exchangers

Does not apply to seal componentsEqual to pump MAWP (6.1.2.8)

Glands shall have a corrosion allowance of 3 mm (1/8”)

Axial Movement

Capable of handling axial movement (6.1.1.8)NormalTransientThermal growthThrust positioning (vertical pumps)Where to get info?

Not on datasheetPump OEM

Sleeve Requirements

2.5 mm

(0.100”) min

See Table 32.5 to 5 mm

(0.100 to 0.200”)

Locating shoulder Optional Coating

Relief Relief

O-ring on process end

Sleeve Requirements

One piece sleeveMust have a shoulder to locate rotating elementsMinimum 2.5 mm (0.100”) thicknessThickness under set screws per Table 3

Shafts < 57 mm (2.25”) 2.5 mm (0.100”)Shafts 57 to 80 mm (2.25 to 3.25”) 3.8 mm (0.150”)Shafts > 80 mm (3.25”) 5 mm (0.200”)

Setting plate that does not put load on seal faces during installation or removal of cartridge (6.1.1.4)

Sealing requirements for sleeves

Normally uses O-rings to seal sleeve to shaftO-ring close to impeller end of sleeve

Can use flexible graphite on OB end of sleeveCaptured between sleeve and shaft

Sleeve ClearanceIntent is to minimise sleeve runoutF7/h6 clearance per ISO 286-2

Minimum of 0.02 mm (0.0008”) for small shaftsMaximum of 0.09 mm (0.0037”) for large shafts

Relieved along the bore with fits at or near each endBore and OD concentric within 0.025 mm (0.001”) TIR

F7/h6 Fit F7/h6 Fit

Set Screws for Drive Collar

Maximum of eight (6.1.3.12)Harder than shaft (6.1.3.11)Spot drilling the shaft is acceptable but not recommendedCan use split ring instead of drive collar for thrust (6.1.3.13)Set screws shall not pass through sleeve unless sleeve bore is relieved [to avoid damage during removal] (6.1.3.10)

Gland Plate Requirements

Minimum radial clearance is 3 mm (1/8”) (6.1.2.6) except pumping rings can be 1.5 mm (1/16”) (8.6.2.3)Glands machined from single piece wrought material or bar stock DO NOT require hydrostatic testing (10.3.2.1)

3.0 1.5

Gland Plate Requirements:Clearances

Isolation bushing for containment seals (7.2.5.1.1; 7.2.6.1.1) has 1.5 mm (1/16”) radial clearance

Isolation Bushing

1.5 mm (1/16)

3 mm (1/8)

More Gland Plate Requirements

3 mm (1/8”) Shoulder(6.1.2.8.3)

Drill throughs at least 5 mm (3/16”) diameter (6.1.2.21)

Confined gaskets (6.2.1.2.2; 6.2.2.2.2)

Connections plugged with solid plug (6.1.2.18)

Flush is not same size as quench, vent, drain

(6.1.2.17)

Gland Plate Connections

Mark with symbols from Table 1 (6.1.2.17)Locate per Table 1Sizes per Table 1Some flexibility within Table 1

Small pumpsLimited space

Gland Plate Connections for Single Seals

1/20Flush Out (Plan 23 only)FO

1/2180Flush In (Plan 23 only)FI

3/890QuenchQ

3/8180DrainD

1/20FlushF

Size *LocationConnectionSymbol

Location:Horizontal Pumps: 0 degrees = Top Dead CentreVertical Pumps: “F” defines 0 degrees

* All sizes are NPT taper thread connections

Table 1

Gland Plate Connections for Dual Seals

1/40Gas Barrier InGBI

1/2180Gas Barrier OutGBO

1/2180Containment Seal DrainCSD

1/20Containment Seal VentCSV

1/20Liquid Buffer/Barrier OutLBO

1/2180Liquid Buffer/Barrier InLBI

SizeLocationConnectionSymbol

* All sizes are NPT taper thread connections

Table 1

Bushing Diametrical Clearances

Fixed bushings (6.1.2.22)0.635 mm (0.025”) max. up to 50 mm (2”) shaft sizeAdd 0.127 mm (0.005”) for each additional 25 mm

Floating bushings (6.1.2.23, Table 2)Up to 50 mm (2”) 0.18 mm (0.007”) clearance51 to 80 mm (2 to 3”) 0.225 mm (0.009”)81 to 120 mm (3 to 4.75”) 0.28 mm (0.011”)

Segmented bushings per JC standards

Pumping Rings

Systems relying on thermosiphoning shall not be used (8.2.2)Systems with pumping rings – inlet at bottom & outlet at top (8.2.3)Pumping rings shall properly align with connections (8.6.2.4)Radial clearance between pumping ring and stationary component shall be 1.5 mm (1/16”) or greater (8.6.2.3)

O-Ring Requirements

Grooves sized for perfluoroelastomer (6.1.1.10) (use JC Standards for Kalrez, Isolast, etc.)Surface finish (6.1.1.9)

1.6 µm (63 µin) Ra for static o-rings0.8 µm (32 µin) Ra for dynamic o-rings

Runout and Tolerances

Wording is different but intent the same“seals must be designed for ….”

Seal chamber face runout of 0.5 µm/mm (0.0005 in/inch) of bore (6.1.2.13)

Primary Rings

Normally rotatingCan be pusher or non-pusherDefault is multiple spring (6.1.5.1)

Can be single springCan be bellows

No lapped joints (6.1.5.2)

Mating Rings

Normally stationaryNot clamped-in (6.1.4.1)Anti-rotation pin is required (6.1.4.1)Mounting to enhance heat transfer (6.1.4.2)One mating ring for each primary ring(7.3.1.3) (no common mating rings without purchaser approval)

Material for Sleeve and Gland Plate

Equal or better than pump case material316SS minimum (6.1.6.3; 6.1.6.7)

Material for Springs

Hastelloy C for (small) multiple springs (6.1.6.4)316SS for single springs (6.1.6.4)

Material for Bellows

Type B bellows is Hastelloy C (6.1.6.6)(Types 1670, 5615-1, etc.)

Type C bellows is Alloy 718 (6.1.6.6)(Type 1604, 2609, 3609 for hot services)

Material for Primary Rings

Default is carbon“premium grade, blister-resistant”Must be tested in qualification tests

We useAntimony filled for Type 48 family (8270)Resin filled for Type 670 familyResin filled for Type 609 family Resin filled for Type 5600 family

Optional MaterialsResin filled for Type 48 family (if acids or caustic)Antimony filled for 5610/5620 is optional and testedDefault for hard faces is SiC vs SiC (WC optional)

Material for Mating Rings

Defaults to SiCCategory 1 uses sintered SiC

Is usually for chemical duty seals

Category 2 and 3 use reaction bonded SiCIs usually for refinery seals

Material for O-Rings

Default is Viton (6.1.6.5.1)Perfluoroelastomer is optional (6.1.6.5.2)Flexible graphite is used for Type C bellows sealTemperature limits are (Annex C.3)

Viton (hydrocarbon) -7 to 175 C (20 to 350 F)Viton (water) -7 to 120 C (20 to 250 F)Perfluoroelastomer -7 to 290 C (20 to 550 F)Nitrile -40 to 120 C (-40 to 250 F)Flexible graphite -240 to 480 C (-400 to 900 F)

Design Requirements for

Category 1 Seals

Materials for Primary Rings(Category 1)

Carbon is the default material (6.1.6.2.2)We use resin filled carbon for Type 5600 family Alternative for 5610 & 5620 on flashing hydrocarbon services is Antimony filled carbon

Material for Mating Rings(Category 1)

Default is self-sintered silicon carbide (6.1.6.2.3)Because of chemical resistance

Customer can specify the use of reaction bonded silicon carbide

Gland Plate(Category 1)

Default is single point injectionDistributed flush is optional (6.2.1.2.1; 6.1.2.14)6.1.2.14 states “Seal chamber pressure shall not be less than a 30% margin to maximum VP or a 20 C (36 F) product temperature margin at maximum process temperature”Remember

Register fitBolt holes, not slotsConfined gasket with metal-to-metal contact [gland to pump] (6.2.1.2.2)


Category 2 Seals


Carbon is the default material (6.1.6.2.2)We use

Antimony filled carbon for Type x648 familyResin filled carbon for Type 48’s when sealing acids & causticsResin filled carbon for Type x670 familyResin filled carbon for Type x609 family


Default is reaction bonded silicon carbide (6.1.6.2.3)

Preferred by many refineriesBetter toughness than self sintered SiC


Default is single point injectionDistributed flush is optional (6.2.2.2.1; 6.1.2.14)


Category 3 Seals

Category 3 Seals

Same as API 682, 1st Edition


Carbon is the default material (6.1.6.2.2)We use

antimony filled carbon for Type x648 familyResin filled carbon for Type 48’s when sealing acids & caustics Resin filled carbon for Type x670 familyResin filled carbon for Type x609 family


Default is reaction bonded silicon carbide (6.1.6.2.3)

Preferred by many refineriesBetter toughness than self sintered SiC


Default is distributed flush for single, rotating seals (6.2.3.2.1)


Arrangement 1 Seals

Throttle Bushings(Arrangement 1)

Throttle bushing required (7.1.2.1)Category 1 uses fixed, carbon bushingCategory 2 uses fixed, non-sparking metal bushingCategory 3 uses floating, carbon bushingCategory 1 & 2 can be specified [by customer] to be a floating bushing (7.1.2.2)


Arrangement 2 Seals

General Requirementsfor Arrangement 2 Seals

Inner (process) seal rated for 2.75 bar (40 psi) reverse (ID to OD) pressure (7.2.1.1)Outer seal can be a contacting liquid seal or a contacting or non-contacting containment sealThe inboard seal can incorporate an auxiliary sleeve under the seal utilising a locating step and dog point set screws and not violate the one piece sleeve requirement (7.2.2.1)


Throttle bushing not required Fixed throttle bushing optional (7.2.3.1)Default for optional bushing is carbon (7.2.3.1)


Arrangement 3 Seals

General Requirementsfor Arrangement 3 Seals

Inner seal must have full reverse pressure rating (7.3.1.2)Cartridge shall utilise two primary rings and two mating rings (7.3.1.3)Contacting Wet Seals

Standard configuration is Face-to-BackOptional configurations are Face-to-Face or Back-to-Back

Gas Barrier SealsStandard configuration is Back-to-BackOptional configurations are Face-to-Face or Face-to-Back


Throttle bushing not required Fixed throttle bushing optional (7.3.3.1)Default for optional bushing is carbon (7.3.3.1)


Containment Seals

Containment Seal Specifics

Containment seals are Arrangement 2Can be contacting or non-contactingBuffer gas (purge) is optionalUses Plan 7x series flush plansIsolation bushing between containment seal and vent/drain port (7.2.5.1.1; 7.2.6.1.1))


Testing Requirements

Testing Requirements

Fluids Sizes Steady state /Cyclic Seal types Seal arrangements

Testing

Type testing

Qualification

Individual seal testing

Component integrity

Seal integrity

Hydrostatic testing - Seal chambers - Gland plates - Reservoirs- Heat exchangers

Air test - Single - Dual (each chamber)

Pump performance

test

OEM

Pump Performance Test Logic

If Leak

Job Seal

(Standard)

Modified Seal

(Optional)

Seal Operated

(Standard)

Seal Not Operated

(Optional)

Perform Pump Performance Test with Shop SealPump Performance Test

Perform Pump PerformanceTest with Modified

Seal Faces

Replace Modified SealFaces with Job Seal Faces

Air Pressure Test

Repair, retest with airShip Pump with Job Seal

Install Job Seal andair pressure test

Repair

Repair

If Leak If Leak

IF OK

If LeakIF OK

OptionStandard

(OR)

IF OK

IF OK

IF OK

If LeakShip Pump with

Job Seal

Ship Pump withJob Seal Installed

Ship Pump withJob Seal Separate

Ship Pump withJob Seal Installed

Typical Integrity Test Rig

Technology Testing Center

Test Cell Specifications

Most fluids (except extreme explosives)Pressures to 103.5 barg (1500 psig)Temperatures to >316ºC (>600°F)Sizes to 150 mm (6”) (speed dependent for larger sizes)Speeds to 4500 rpmComputerised controls and data acquisition

View Inside a Test Cell

TTC Operations Area

Qualification Test Summary

Dynamic 3600 rpmBase point pressure and temperatureSteady state for 100 hours minimum

Static 4 hours minimum

Cyclic 5 simulated upset cycles

Pressure, temperature swingsStart/stopLoss of flush

Approx 8 hoursFinal Static Test

Wet Seals Qualification Test

Gas Barrier Cyclic Test

"

Containment Seals Test

Typical TTC Testing Arrangement

Inboard (Rig) Side – Single Seal Outboard Side – Single or Dual Seal

Results of Qualification Tests

2” Type 1648LP Test ResultsDynamic (Steady State) Test

2” Type 1648LP Test ResultsCyclic (Simulated Upset) Test

Qualification Test Summary

Certification of Test

API 682 Test Certificate

Seal Tested: John Crane Sealol 1604 API Type: Type C - Arrangem ent I API C ode: C / 11 - 62 / S / 200 Face Materials : Carbon vs S ilicon C arbide Test Fluid: Non-Flashing H ydrocarbon Base Pressure: 100 psig (7 bar g) Base Tem perature: 500 °F (260 °C) Speed: 3600 rpm This is to certify that the seal noted above has been tested in accordance with API 682 requirements.

D avid Casucci ___________________________________ David Casucci – Engineering Manager - Sealol Bellows Products

API 2nd Edition – Testing

•2nd Edition Testing Completed :•Type 5610-1 in Propane•Type 5620P-1 in Propane (Arrangement 2)•Type 48LP/S48SC•Type 2800 & Type 2800HP•Type 48LP/ECS

•Containment Seals to be Tested:• Type S28LD -- SBOP – Type 5620D-1


Seal Codes

EAA cust

Annex J: Codes

InformativeFour segment codeDifferent from 1st EditionDifferent from API 610Different from “Seal Configurations”

Example 2CW-CS (Arrangement 2 with Contacting Wet Inboard Seal with a Containment Seal)

API 682 (2nd Edition)

Annex J (Seal Codes)New coding structure

First letter = Categorysecond letter = ArrangementThird letter = Seal TypeFourth letter(s) = Flush arrangement

Example is C3A2C1152 is Category 3 Type C seal in an arrangement 2 using Plans 11 and 52

Annex J: Codes

InformativeFour segment codeDifferent from 1st EditionDifferent from API 610

C1 A1 A 11

Annex J: Codes

InformativeFour segment codeDifferent from 1st EditionDifferent from API 610

C1 A1 A 11category

arrangement flush

type

API 682 (2nd Edition)Arrangement 1, Single Seals

One seal per cartridge assembly

1CW-FX Contacting single wet seal with a fixed throttle bushing

1CW-FL Contacting single wet seal with a floating throttle bushing

API 682 (2nd Edition) Arrangement 2, Dual Non-pressurized

Two seals per cartridge assembly with a containment seal chamber which is at a pressure less than the seal chamber pressure

2CW-CW Dual contacting wet seals with a liquid buffer fluid

2CW-CS Contacting wet inner seal with a dry-running containment seal

2NC-CS Non-contacting inner seal with a dry-running containment seal

API 682 (2nd Edition)Arrangement 3, Dual Pressurized

Two seals per cartridge assembly that utilizes an externally supplied barrier fluid

3CW-FB Dual contacting wet, face-to-back 3CW-BB Dual contacting wet, back-to-back 3CW-FF Dual contacting wet, face-to-face

3NC-BB Dual non-contacting, back-to-back 3NC-FF Dual non-contacting, face-to-face 3NC-FB Dual non-contacting, face-to-back

API 682 (2nd Edition)- Summary of Seal Arrangements

API 682 Second EditionPiping Plans

29

3

API 682 Second Edition

Changes to Existing Plans

4

Heat exchangers (8.5.3)

0.50” x 0.065” wall tubing for shaft sizes 60 mm (2.5”) and smaller (8.5.3.1.5)

0.75” x 0.095” wall tubing for shaft sizes larger than 60 mm (2.5”) (8.5.3.1.5)

5

Barrier/ buffer fluid reservoirs (8.5.4)

12 litre (3 gal) capacity for shaft sizes 60 mm (2.5”) and smaller (8.5.4.3.1)

20 litre (5 gal) capacity for shaft sizes larger than 60 mm (2.5”) (8.5.4.3.1)

6

12 litre reservoir design

DN 150 (NPS 6) sch. 40 pipe (8.5.4.4.3 a)

316L construction (8.5.4.4.6)

12 mm (0.50” NPT) seal connections (8.5.4.4.8 a)Seamless tubing is the default

Sch. 80 pipe is optional

12 mm x 1.6 (0.50” x 0.065) wall, 316SS cooling coil (8.5.4.5.3)

7

12 Litre Reservoir

8

20 litre reservoir design

DN 200 (NPS 8) sch. 40 pipe (8.5.4.4.3 b)

316L construction (8.5.4.4.6)

18 mm (0.75”) seal connections (8.5.4.4.8 b)

Seamless tubing is the default

Sch. 80 pipe is optional

12 mm x 1.6 (0.50” x 0.065) wall, 316SS cooling coil (8.5.4.5.3)

9

20 Litre Reservoir

10

Barrier/ buffer fluid reservoirs (8.5.4)

Pressure gauge and switch required (8.5.4.2.7)

Low level switch required (8.5.4.2.8)

High level switch optional (8.5.4.2.8)

Hermetically sealed switches not required (9.1)

11

API 682 Second Edition

New Piping Plans

12

New Piping Plans

Plan 53’s - Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals53a – traditional configuration53b – bladder accumulator53c – piston pot/ accumulator

Plan 72 – Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS)Plan 74 – Arrangement 3, Non-Contacting (NC) SealsPlan 75 – Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS) Plan 76 – Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS)

13

Plan 53a (A.4.12)

Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) SealsDual Pressurised (Double) SealsUtilises direct nitrogen blanket for pressure

Limits the maximum pressure due to nitrogen entrainment in the barrier liquid

14

Plan 53b (A.4.12)

Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) SealsDual Pressurised (Double) SealsUtilizes bladder accumulator for pressure

15

Plan 53b (A.4.12)

Bladder eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquidAllows for higher pressure applications Configuration Includes:

AccumulatorPressure IndicatorPressure SwitchHeat Exchanger

16

Plan 53b (A.4.12)

17

Plan 53c (A.4.12)

Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) SealsDual Pressurised (Double) SealsUtilises piston pot for pressure

18

Plan 53c (A.4.12)

Piston pot eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquidAllows for higher pressure applications Piston provides constant pressure ratio to seals (1.1:1)Configuration includes:

Piston potPressure indicatorPressure switchHeat exchangerLevel switch

19

Plan 53c (A.4.12)

20

Plan 72 (A.4.16)

Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS)Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals

Dry-running secondary

Low pressure nitrogen sweep Sweeps primary leakage to collection systemDilutes primary leakage to lower emission levels

Used in conjunction with Plan 75 or 76

21

Plan 72 (A.4.16)

22

Plan 74 (A.4.17)

Arrangement 3, Non-contacting Seals (NC)Dual Pressurised (Double) SealsNitrogen barrier

1.75 - 2 bar (25-30 psi) above seal chamber pressureZero emissions

Essentially a T2800 panel

23

Plan 74 (A.4.17)

24

Plan 75 (A.4.18)



Condensate collection reservoir (8.6.5.2)Used when primary seal leakage may condense

May be used in conjunction with Plan 72

25

Plan 75 (A.4.18)

26

Plan 75 (A.4.18)

27

Plan 76 (A.4.19)



Primary leakage routed to flare or ventUsed when primary seal leakage will not condenseEssentially a 48SC panel

May be used in conjunction with Plan 72

28

Plan 76 (A.4.19)

API 682 2nd Edition

Questions and Answers

EAA cust

What is API 682?

Seal standard issued by: American Petroleum InstituteScope includes: Seals for centrifugal and rotary pumps

API 610API 670

1st edition 19942nd edition May, 2002

How do 2nd Edition & 1st Edition differ?

CategoriesCategory1 is for chemical dutyCategory 2 is for refinery duty

Old “682 Light”Traditional “API 610” seals

Category 3 is same as 1st edition API 682Gas barrier sealsContainment seals

Who wrote API 682?

An industry Task Force comprising of:End Users

Chemical plantsRefineries

Pump OEMSeal OEM

API Committees

Who must use API 682?

No one is required to use API 682 but many industries adopt the standard in full or as part of their operating specification in an editit format (Shell PI for instance)Refineries will be the biggest usersChemical plants are now covered in the standard

When does API 682 Take Effect?

After publication (July, 2002)Or when invoked by the customer or contractor

What are the advantages of using API 682?

Consistency of approach to seal selection and applicationQualification testingAir integrity test prior to shipmentProvides high degree of probability in providing (3) years of uninterrupted service while complying with emission regulations

What are the disadvantages of using API 682?

“Heavy Duty”Cost: Some features specified may result in a higher expense to the purchaser than seals and systems previously used.Require more radial and axial space

Paper work

Is API 682 a metric standard?

Yes though imperial is the default unitsImperial units are typical in USA

Can the purchaser modify or make additions to API 682?

YesStrong set of defaults in API 682Allows for user choicesUsers will write their own exceptions and clarifications to API 682

How are Materials Specified?

Specified through detailed codingDefault materials are completely specifiedLimited optional materials available that complyMaterials have not changed from 1st edition, but codes used will not match old API 610 material codes

Are there substitutes for face materials?

No, must be a tested materialRules for “tested material” relaxed somewhatJohn Crane will have additional tested materials, ie, materials that have been tested and meet the test requirements of API, even though they may not be defined options in the standard

What Testing is Required?

QualificationSpecific liquidsNominal 2” and 4” sealsPublication of results, with pass or fail criteria

HydrotestGlands not required to be hydrotested unless cast (previously all glands needed testing)

Integrity (air test) on assembly25 psig

Must a seal be tested on all fluids?

Seals should be tested on the fluids they are expected to work on5 test fluids

WaterPropaneCausticHot OilCold oil

Qualification testing on representative fluid

How do we retrofit seals into older pumps?

It is expected that there will sometimes dimensional problems, due to ‘minimum’ specification:

1/8” (3.175mm) minimum sleeve thickness1/8” (3.175mm) general radial clearances1/16” (1.587mm) radial clearance for pumping rings

Old pumps, or equipment with minimum space may have to take design exceptions

What is the equivalent code for BSTFL?

There is no exact equivalent in 682New set of codes for API 682 2nd edition

2nd edition codes not same as 1st edition682 codes not same as 610 codes

If customer references an old 610 codeProbably wants a Category II seal as this is the closest definition of a historical 610 sealThere is no direct cross reference possible

How are ANSI / ISO (DIN) Pumps catered for?

Category I seals are designed for ANSI / ISO (DIN) large boreSpecial features include

Register fitThrottle bushingDrilled bolt holes in gland

Does API 682 include Rotary Pumps?

Yes but:Seal chamber specified for rotary pumps / PD pumps do not match those in API682 (API676)

Can a customer purchase dry gas seals per API 682?

Yes, where it is a dry gas seal for pumps not compressors, it falls into the following categories:Gas barrier sealsContainment sealsNew piping plans cover these arrangements

71, 72, 75, 76 for containment seals74 for gas barrier seals

What arrangement are dry running containment seals and dry gas seals?

Gas barrier seals are Arrangement 3Containment seals are Arrangement 2

Must barrier pressure for dual pressurized seals be constantly controlled versus seal chamber pressure?

Barrier pressure does not have to track process pressurePlan 53C is an option that tracks process pressure

What reference is there in API 610 for Seals?

Whilst API 610, 8th Ed. edition did include limited seal information, 9th Ed. will not have seal specs; instead refers to API 682If API 610 is referenced, you must now assume 9th Ed. unless otherwise another edition is specified

Must Data Sheets be Completed?

Too comply with the requirements of 2nd Ed Yes seal data sheets must be filled out2nd Edition uses a two page datasheet

1st Edition was five pagesBut smaller print in 2nd Edition

Data sheet is initiated by purchaser, not JC, and is different between category 1 & 2, and category 3

Who Completes the Data Sheet?

Data sheet is initiated by purchaser OSeal vendor info added to info by purchaser Some items by either vendor or purchaserDefaults marked with shadingThe seal vendor cannot begin with a blank data sheet!John Crane CSelect682 will complete the application part of the data sheet automatically, and will allow you to complete the rest electronically.

What is an Engineered Seal?

Seal Types are really just A, B, CPart of “Totally Engineered Sealing System”Outside the scope of API 682

Temperature, pressure, speed, fluids, etc.Optional testing per Clause 10.3.1.1.2

Design featuresConceivably anythingProbably based on API 682

API 682 2nd EditionCSelect 682

Seal selection software for API 682 Applications

17

2

Annex A: Selection

InformativeSummaries of

Categories 1, 2, 3Arrangements 1, 2, 3Seal types A, B, C

Seal selectionTutorialTablesLogic diagrams

Piping PlansTutorialLogic diagrams

3

Seal Selection Procedure

Select category (1, 2, 3)Select fluid groupType A, B, CArrangement 1, 2, 3Piping plan

4

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

YesYes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

Is product hazardous

by regulation

or other local criteria?

Start

Does product have high

H2S content by

national/local criteria?

Is product under

regulated emission rate

for hydrocarbons?

Arrangement 1

Go to Sheets

7, 8, or 9

Do project/national/local standards

permit a restricted vapor leakage

under all operating conditions?

Will a single seal with special

features mitigate the hazard,

emission, or other difficulties?

Is pumping

temperature

<260°C (500°F)?

Is pumping

temperature

<150°C (300°F)?

Is pumped

fluid dirty?

Arrangement 3

Go to Sheets

7, 8, or 9

Arrangement 2

Go to Sheets

7, 8, or 9

Select Arrangement

Expanded from 1st EditionAn interview based on

LeakageSafety

5

CSelect682

John Crane computer programCan be given to customersShould be used internally for defining preferencesAvailable April, 2003

6

Opening Screen

Change language

Set program for SI or Imperial units

Help

7

Start a New Project

Project name

Project item

8

Select an Existing Project

Add new items

Modify selections

9

Existing Selection Routine

View

or

Modify

10

Select a Seal - Fluid Properties

Selection data summarised at bottom of screen

11

Selection in Progress

12

Selection Complete

Preferred selection highlighted

Option to select alternative seal

13

Flush Plans and Materials

Selections can be changed or locked where no change allowed

14

Seal and Piping Plan

15

Create Report

16

View Data Sheet

17

Product Literature

Available to view or download from Internet

api 682 presentation

Documents

iso api

scope of api

seal categories

seal life

new seal types

growing acceptance of

dual seals

edition description