api 570 study guide _full
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
1/18
% of Material examiniation for high risk
piping system with likely material mixup100%
a 4" thick 5 chrome vessel operates at 1200
psig and 900F. When is the vessel lest
likely to fail from Brittle Fracture?
During normal operation
According to ASME/ANSI B16.5 flanges
from plate materials can only be used for:Blind flanges
According to B31.3, a welder's qualification
records from a previous employer can:Be accepted if the inspector
approves
Advantage of GTAW (Gas
tungsten arc welding)
Best control of weld pooling
API 574 discusses other areas of possible moisture
ingress that may be causes by the actual inspection
of the piping systems. Where would these areas be?
Locations where insulation plugs were removed to
permit piping thickness measurements
API 574 7.4.4.2
ASME code for valves B16.34
ASME Sec. VIII had few limitations
concerning Brittle Fracture prior to:1987
ASME/ANSI B16.5 requires
flanges to be:
marked with the class rating.
Buried piping, without adequate cathodic protection
should be included in scheduled external inspections.
What area is to be inspected during these scheduled
external inspections?
The soil-to-air interface shall be included
in the external inspection schedule.
API 574 7.4.5
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
2/18
The calculations for maximum allowable working pressure
(MAWP) for known materials shall be as provided for in ASME
B31.3 or the code to which the piping was designed and fabricated
(applicable code). What information is not required to be available
and comply with the principles of the applicable code?
The name of the original manufacturer
API 570 paragraph 7.2
Can the inspector give prior general
authorization for limited or routine repair
activities?
Yes, provided the inspector is satisfied with
the competency of the repair organization.
API 570 8.1.2
Carbon steel materials are most likely
to be incorrectly substituted in:a chrome steel piping system.
Carbon steel piping which operates above
what temperature intermittently should be
inspected for CUI?
350F
API 574 7.4.4.1(f)
Change of an identical item, owing to
corrosion + MAWP increased for the
whole system is called?
repair and re-rating
Code for Cathodic Protection API 651
Code for FFS (Fitness for
Service)
API 579
Code for NDE procedures
guidelines
ASME Section 5
Code for PMI (positive material
identification)
API 578
Code for RBI (Risk Based
Inspection)
API 580
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
3/18
Code for Valve Inspection and
testing
API 598
Code for Weld procedure
qualification
ASME Section IX
Code for Welder qualification ASME Section IX
Code for Welding on In-Service equipment
containing Flammables (hot tapping)API 2201
Code to follow when performing an
internal inspection on pipeAPI 510
A combination of corrosion and erosion results in
greater metal loss than would be expected by either
corrosion or erosion alone. What three areas should
be inspected for this type of deterioration?
Downstream of control valves, downstream of
pump discharges, and downstream of orifices.
API 574 7.4.7 (a)(b)(c)
The corrosion rate for newly installed piping systems
or for changes in service must be established. API 570
provides three methods of determination probable
corrosion rates for these conditions.
API 570 paragraph 7.1.2
Corrosion rates on existing piping systems shall be
calculated on either a short-term or a long-term
basis. How is the long-term corrosion rate
calculated?
Wall thicknesses from the most recent and
initial (or nominal) inspections shall be used
API 570 paragraph 7.1.1
Corrosion rates on existing piping systems shall be
calculated on either a short-term or a long-term
basis. How is the short-term corrosion rate
calculated?
Readings from the two most recent
inspections shall be used.
API 570 paragraph 7.1.3
Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a serious
problem. What should be done to determine
the possibility of this condition existing?
Inspect the integrity of the insulation system
for conditions that could lead to CUI.
API 574 7.4.4
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
4/18
Corrosion under insulation is very aggressive where operating
temperatures cause frequent condensation and re-evaporation of
moisture. For carbon steel piping systems, what operating
temperature range would be considered most susceptible?
Between 10F and 350F
API 574 7.4.4.1(e)
The corrosiveness of soils can be
determined by measuring the soils:Resistivity
Describe the 3G welding test
position.
Vertical groove Weld
Design code for fabrication of
piping relief devices
ASME section VIII
Distance to dig when inspectng
for soil to air corrosion
6-12 inches
During a direct visual exam of a pipe weld,
the minimum light intensity should be:100 footcandles
During a hydrotest, all joints
should be:
left uninsulated
During a pipe repair, preheat is substituted
for the required PWHT. What is the
minimum preheat temperature.
300
During pipe fabrication who has overall
responsibility for compliance with the
code?
The owner/user
During pipe repairs, which welding
discontinuity is always unacceptable?Cracks and Inadequate fusion
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
5/18
During welding, non-esential
variables:
Must be recorded only on the WPS
and must be followed by the welder.
Effect of T on Soil corrosion
rate
Corrosion Increases with
Increase in T
Electrode for SMAW (Shielded metal arc
weld) for low hydrogen applicationBasic
Excessive repairs to pump
bearings may be a result of:
thermal growth
Flange bolts are unacceptable if
the bolt threads do not extend:
inside the nut within 1 thread of
the nut face
Flange leaks in certain fluids
can cause:
bolts to crack and corrode
Flux type for low hydrogen use with
SAW (Submerged arc welding)Agglomerated
The following is a Ferritic SS 405 series Stainless Steel
The following is a martensitic
SS
410 series Stainless Steel
The following is an Austenitic
SS
316 series Stainless Steel
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
6/18
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
7/18
In a hot tapping system, the high
point area may corrode. Why is that?
Corrosion may take place at the high point area of
deadlegs in hot piping systems due to convective
currents set up in deadleg.
API 574 7.4.3
In order to determine the cause and provide
corrective action, welding repairs of cracks that
occurred in-service should not be attempted without
consultation with:
The piping engineer
API 570 8.1.3
In severe refinery services which
type of pipe is normally used?seamless pipe
An inservice process pipe should be
classified as Class 1 when the % of H2S
exceeds:
3%
Lead letter used during RT to
check for backscatter
B
Lead letter used during RT to
indicate a film-side IQI
F
Length of time before an API
570 inspector must recertify
6 years
Limits of soil to air area distance
in air away from interface6 inches
Liquid thermal relief valves should be set
at a pressure not higher than:120 %
Loose or broken anchor bolts at pipe
supports are most easily detected by:hammer testing
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
8/18
Low alloy steels can contain up
to how much chrome?
9%
Material most susceptible to
brittle fracture
Ferritics CS & Low Alloy SS
The material verification program
specified by API 578 covers:only pressure containing
components.
Material with highest resistance
to sulfidation
18/8 SS
Materials subject to chloride
stress corrosion cracking
300 series Stainless Steel
Materials subject to temper-
embrittlement
Low Alloy Chromes
Materials where preheat can be
substituted for PWHT
P1 & P3
Maximum allowed SMYS (Specified
Minimum Yield Strength) for pipe if fillet
welded patch is installed
40,000 psi
Maximum allowed thickness on a WPS
based on the plate thickness (T) of a PQR
coupon
2T
Maximum External Inspection
interval for Class 1 & 2 Piping
5 years
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
9/18
Maximum external inspection
interval for Class 3 piping
10 years
Maximum flange size covered
by B16.5
NPS 24
Maximum inspection inerval for
clean/non fouling service PRD's10 years
Maximum interval for a visual
examiner's eye check
1 year
Maximum stress allowed
during a pressure test
90% of SMYS (Specified
Minimum Yield Strength)
Maximum thickness Inspection
interval for Class 2 & 3 piping:The lesser of 10 years or half
life of the pipe.
Maximum thickness Inspection
interval for injection point
Lesser 3 years or Half life
Maximum time before obtaining thickness
readings when corrosion rate on new pipe
is not kmown (no other data available)
3 months
Maximum time that a welder maintains
qualifications for a welding process
without using that process
6 months
Mill tolerance of seamless pipe "-12.5%"
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
10/18
Minimum downstream limit of
injection point circuit
lesser of 1st directional change +25
feet or 2nd directional change
minimum duration of hydro test to
evaluation integrity of a burried pipe8hr
Minimum length of buried pipe to expose
when excavating for inspection6-8 feet
Minimum time an examiner should be in a
darkened area prior to using a black light
when performing MT & PT exam
5 min
Minimun light intensity when
performing VT, MT, or PT exam100 foot-candles
Mixed grades of carbon steel piping in hot corrosive
oil service are susceptible to service specific and
localized corrosion above what temperature and oil
sulfur content?
450F or higher and sulfur content in the
oil greater than 0.5% by weight.
API 574 7.4.6.2(j)
Modes of GMAW (Gas metal
arc weld)
Globular, short circuit, and
spray transfer.
most brittle fractures appear as: Cleavage
Most Brittle Fractures occur: Below the impact transition
temperature
NDE personnel qualification ASNT SNT-TC-1A
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
11/18
Nickel alloys are what % nickel? 30%
Per B31.3 how much of the fabrication
should be visually examined for a pipe in
severe cyclic service:
100 %
Per B31.3, how much RT is conducted on
circumferential welds of a pipe in normal
service?
10%
pH of hydro test water needed
to reduce likelihood of MIC
>10
a pipe has a thickness designation of
"40S". what does the "S" mean?Stainless steel
Piping most involved in
material mixup
bypass piping, small diameter
(2NPS) piping, valves and bolts.
Piping stress analysis can identify the most highly
stresses components in a piping system and predict
thermal movement. Where can this information be
used to enhance the inspection effort?
To concentrate inspections at locations prone
to fatigue and/or creep damage.
API 570 paragraph 7.5
PMI stands for Positive Material Identification
A pneumatic pressure test is to be conducted on a
Normal Service piping system. During pipe erection,
how many of the joint assemblies should be
examined?
100 %
A PQR test coupon with a shell thickness
of "T" can generally be used to qualify a
wall thickness on the WPS up to.
2T
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
12/18
PQR using a S number qualifies
...
both S-number and P-number
Materials
Prefered inspection method for
injection points
RT and/or UT
Preheat should never be
substituted for PWHT if:
the PWHT was used to prevent
environmental cracking.
Pressure applied inside a pipe creates
stress in the pipe wall. These stresses are
highest on which weld orientation?
longitudinal weld
A pressure test is always
required:
whenever the authorized inspector
believes one is necessary
A propane piping system
should be classified as?
Class 1
The removal of surface material by the
action of numerous individual impacts of
solid or liquid particles is a definition of:
Erosion
API 574 7.4.7
Resistance to Brittle Fracture is
called:
toughness
The RT procedure used for a pipe repair
must conform to the requirements of:ASME Section 5
Seal welding pipe threads: may be used to prevent leaks
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
13/18
Suggested interval - Close interval
Potential Survey of buried pipe w/ poor CP5 years
Suggested interval for above-grade visual
surveillance of burried pipe6 months
Suggested interval for evaluation of
Soil corrosivity of buried pipe w/o CP5 years
Thickness measurements are
suggested at pipe fittings since:
directional changes generally create
increased turbulence and corrosion.
To evaluate the effects of fire damage, FFS
evaluation should be performed in
accordance with:
API 579, section 11
True or False
A Brittle Fracture grows very rapidly with
minimum deformation prior to failure.
True
True or False
The minimum required pipe wall thickness, or
retirement thickness, is based solely on pressure.
False
API 570 paragraph 7.3
Two main types of
Environmental cracking
Caustic stress corrosion cracking and
Caustic embrittlement
Two most common CS pipe
materials
A53 & A106
Two primary gamma ray
radiation sources
Iridium & Cobalt
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
14/18
Typical external corrosion rate
for dry rural environment
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
15/18
What does the "H" mean in
Austenitic SS, like 316 H?
High Carbon
What does the "L" mean in
Austenitic SS, like 304 L?
Low Carbon
What increases the likelihood
of brittle fracture?
large grain size & Thicker
materials
What indicates internal CO2
corrosion
Smooth grooving of pipe wall
what is the interval for thickness
measurements on a class 1 piping system?lesser of 5 years or half life of
the pipe
What is the limit of soil to air area distance
in soil away from interface?12 inches
What is the minimum holding time
for all pressure tests on piping?10 mins
What material is subject to polytheonic
acid stress corrosion cracking?Sensitized 300 SS
What operating temperature range would be
considered most susceptible to chloride stress
corrosion cracking in austenitic stainless steel
piping?
Between 120F and 400F
API 574 7.4.4.1 (h)
What should be done when unexpected
movement of a piping system is observed?
The inspector should discuss these observations with
the piping engineer and evaluate the need for
conducting a piping stress analysis.
API 570 paragraph 7.5
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
16/18
What test is used to determine
a materials toughness?
Charpy Impact Test
What type of records is the owner/user
required to maintain according to API 570?Permanent and progressive records
API 570 paragraph 7.6.1
What type of weld for flush insert patches
can be used in corroded areas?penetration groove weld
what welding process cannot be
qualified by radiography
GMAW (short circuit mode)
When a relief device or valve is removed
for repair, the inspector should:
inspect the inside of the inlet and outlet
piping where the valve was removed.
When calibrating a UT instrument, that
has a delay line with single element unit,
use:
At least 2 test blocks with thicknesses near
the max and min to be examined.
When can radiography not be
used to qualify a welder?
when using the GMAW process
with the short circuit mode
When fabricating pipe,
unknown materials:
Should never be used (except
for door stops)
When is it necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface before
resealing the joint?
If the buried piping system is over 10 years old, and
the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated.
API 574 7.4.5
When making repairs and alterations to
piping systems covered by API 570, what
standards must be followed?
ASME B31.3 or the Code to which the
piping system was built.
API 570 8.1.1
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
17/18
When performing a visual exam, the
minimum angle of eye to part30
When performing preheat prior to welding or
PWHT, the preheat zone and/or PWHT must
extend how far beyond the edge of the weld?
1 inch
When performing soil-to air inspections
on uncoated lines, it is recommended to
excavate the soil:
6-12 inches.
when qualifying a weld procedure
the essential variables must:be recorded on both the WPS &
PQR
When recalculating MAWP of piping
systems for continued use, what thickness
is used?
The actual thicknesses determined by inspection
minus twice the estimated corrosion loss before the
date of the next inspection.
API 570 paragraph 7.2
When shall temporary leak sealing devices
be removed and pipe repaired?Next turnaround
When should temporary pipe
repairs be replaced?
Next opportunity
When the MAWP is recalculated for piping
systems of unknown materials, what
information is used?
The lowest grade material and joint
efficiency in the applicable code.
API 570 paragraph 7.2
When welding together piping components
of different thicknesses, the thicker part
should be trimmed with a:
30 degree taper.
Where should wall thickness on deadlegs
be monitored by the inspector?
This inspection should include both the stagnant
end and the connection to an active line
API 574 7.4.3
-
8/9/2019 API 570 Study Guide _Full
18/18
Which dimension stay the same regardless
of the wall scheduled thickness?Outside Diameter
Which material is Least
affected by Brittle Fracture?
300 series Stainless Steel
Which material must use low chloride
hydro test water & must be died after
hydro test?
300 series Stainless Steel
Who approves Welding
procedures qualified by others
The Inspector
Who has the responsibility to determine
the extent of PMI (Positive Material
Identification) performed?
The owner/user
Who must approve all proposed methods
of design, execution, materials, welding
procedures, examination, and testing?
The inspector or the piping engineer
API 570 8.1.3
Who must authorize any repair or
alteration work, prior to commencement
of the work?
The inspector
API 570 8.1.2
Whose approval for on-stream
welding is required?
The owner/user
API 570 8.1.3
With regard to alteration work, who must
the inspector consult with prior to giving
authorization?
The piping engineering
API 570 8.1.2