aphg unit 3: religion intro
TRANSCRIPT
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Religion
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Religion is…• A difficult concept to define
• A system of beliefs & practices that seeks to order life in terms of culturally perceived priorities
• Often includes an established set of symbols, rituals, and sacred texts that explain the origin of life, the universe, or the meaning of life.
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Overview of Five Major Religions
• TED Talk
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Classification of Religion
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Examples of Universalizing and Ethnic Religions
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Example of an Ethnic Religion: Judaism
• At its most basic, a Jew is anyone born of a Jewish mother. Though a person can convert to Judaism, it is a complex process that has traditionally been discouraged.
• Sex and the City clip - Charlotte wants to convert
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Examples of orthodox and syncretic religions
• Syncretism– The merging of different religions – Umbanda, a religion practiced in parts of Brazil, blends elements of
Catholicism with a reverence for the souls of native people, wise men, and historical Brazilian figures
– One view of Sikhism is that it is a syncretism of Hinduism (particularly the Bhakti movement) and Islam (particularly Sufism)
• Orthodox– Adhering to the accepted or traditional faith– Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, and Islam have orthodox strains
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Note: There are many denominations NOT listed.
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Cultural Hearths • Zoroastrianism – Persia • Hinduism & Buddhism – South Asia
(India/Nepal)• Judaism & Christianity – Eastern
Mediterranean • Islam – Arabian Peninsula • Shinto – Japan
Reminder: Cultural hearth is where ideas, innovations, or cultures first emerge
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Diffusion of 3 Major Religions
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Spread of Religions• Diffusion of major world religions video• As you watch, pay attention to cultural
hearths and diffusion. • What slowed or sped up the diffusion of
the major religions?
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Look @ that __________________ map projection.
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How is the map (presented at this scale) an incomplete representation of the geography of religion?
• The map doesn’t show small areas where other religions dominate.
• The map masks much “diversity” and “variation” in religions.
• The map overgeneralizes.
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Adherents to Major World Religions
Religion Number of Adherents
Percent of Total Global Adherents
Christianity 2.1 billion 41.79%Islam 1.34 billion 26.67%Hinduism 950 million 18.91%Buddhism 347 million 6.9%Traditional beliefs
250 million 4.97%
Sikhism 24 million 0.48%Judaism 13 million 0.26%
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Read the article regarding the use of the hijab, or head scarf, in Iran.
Answer the questions regarding religious clothing on the sheet provided.
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Orthodoxy vs. Fundamentalism• Fundamentalism:
– movement to return to the founding principles of the religion, which can include literal interpretation of sacred texts
– Often attempts to follow the ways of the religious founder closely– Can be intolerant of other religions– Can be intolerant of fellow believers who are not following the
“proper” ways.
• Orthodoxy: Also a desire to return to the founding principles of a religion; however, many who consider themselves orthodox are tolerant of other beliefs.
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Fundamentalist vs. Extremist• Why do People become Religious Extremists?• Read the handout called “Religious
Fundamentalism.”• Answer the questions at the end of the
article.
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Indigenous Religions
Yellow: Widely diffused traditional, indigenous beliefs Green: Traditional, indigenous beliefs exist in pocketsOrange: Widely diffused Chinese indigenous religion Red: Widely diffused Shintoism
Look @ that __________________ map projection.
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Indigenous Religions• Indigenous religions
– Local in scope– Usually have a
reverence for nature– Passed down through
family units and groups (tribes) of indigenous peoples.
– No central tenet can be ascribed to all indigenous religions.
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Shamanism• Shamanism
– A community faith in which people follow their shaman
– The shaman is a • religious leader• teacher• healer• visionary
– Shamanist faiths are small and comparatively isolated.
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The Rise of Secularism • Secular: indifference to or rejection of
organized religious affiliation & ideas, non-religious
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Read the article regarding the Pew Research Study on religion in the U.S.
On a sheet of paper, describe the growth of secularism in the United States.•What are the causes?•Why is it reflected in the younger generation?•How has increasing diversity impacted Christianity in the U.S.?
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Secularization – another view
• Does Science Argue for or Against God?• Discussion:
– In your opinion, have scientific ideas reduced the number of religious followers?